We are a leading provider of technology and services for digital video recorders, or DVRs, a rapidly growing consumer electronics category. Our
subscription-based TiVo service improves home entertainment by providing consumers with an easy way to record, watch, and control television. The TiVo service also offers the television industry a platform for advertising, content delivery, and
audience research. The TiVo service requires a TiVo-enabled DVR that is available for as low as $99. Many currently available TiVo-enabled DVRs are broadband-enabled and offer customers the ability to enjoy home entertainment services such as
digital music and photos. As of January 31, 2004, there were over 1.3 million subscriptions to the TiVo service.
We currently derive revenues from three sources:
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TiVo service revenues
. Consumers subscribe directly to the TiVo service, paying us either $12.95 per month or a one-time product lifetime fee of $299. In
addition, DIRECTV pays recurring per-household monthly fees in order to offer the TiVo service to its satellite TV subscribers.
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Technology revenues
. We possess technology supported by a portfolio of patents that enables us to offer TiVo-enabled DVR software, hardware, and service solutions to
customers like DIRECTV, Pioneer, Toshiba, Humax, and Sony.
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DVR hardware revenues
. We engage a contract manufacturer to build a number of the lower-end, less expensive TiVo-enabled DVRs. We do this to enable our service revenues and,
as a result, do not intend to generate significant gross margins from these hardware sales.
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We continue to be subject to a number of risks, including the uncertainty of market acceptance of the TiVo service and future profitability; competition;
the dependence on third parties for manufacturing, marketing, and sales support; the intellectual property claims against us; and our highly dependent relationship with DIRECTV. We conduct our operations through one reportable segment. We anticipate
that our business will continue to be seasonal and we expect to generate a significant number of our annual new subscriptions during and immediately after the holiday shopping season. To date, we have incurred significant losses and have had
substantial negative cash flow. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, we had net losses of ($32.0) million. As of January 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of ($577.3) million.
Industry Background
Subscription-Based Television Programming is Growing.
According to the market research firm Nielsen Media
Research, 108 million U.S. households owned at least one television at the beginning of 2004. As the reach and popularity of television has grown, so too has the amount of programming available to consumers. Multi-channel programming services can
provide hundreds of channels of video content. Multi-channel programming continues to proliferate as service providers roll out more local programming options and deliver a host of new, niche-oriented channels.
DVR Services Significantly Enhance Television Viewing.
In this
new content-rich environment, DVRs offer a compelling value proposition to consumers by providing the means to effectively sort through, select from, and organize the growing volume of broadcast video content. According to IDC, there were an
estimated 3.2 million U.S. households that owned DVRs at the end of 2003. IDC projects that worldwide unit shipments of DVR-enabled set-top boxes will climb to more than 28 million in 2008.
Our Solution
We have created a unique television-based entertainment service that supports virtually any analog cable, digital cable,
satellite, or over-the-air programming source. The TiVo service, combined with a TiVo-enabled DVR, has many features that dramatically improve a consumers television viewing experience, including:
Advanced Software and Services that Automatically Find and Record
Programs.
The TiVo service can automatically record a consumers favorite shows, all season long, even if the schedule changes. It can skip reruns if desired. It includes a rich program guide that allows consumers to browse quickly and
efficiently through a schedule of up to two weeks of available television programming. The TiVo service allows consumers to search for shows to record by subject, title, genre, actor, director, channel, or time of showing. Consumers can record and
subsequently watch a single show, prioritize and record a customized line-up, or automatically record all episodes of a favorite
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show. Unlike with a VCR, consumers accomplish this without entering specialized codes, setting a timer, or using a videotape. Currently available
TiVo-enabled DVRs can store up to 140 hours of television programming, significantly more than the eight-hour capacity of most VCRs.
Pause, Rewind, and Fast-forward
Functionality
. Using a TiVo-enabled DVR, consumers can pause, rewind, and fast-forward live
television. Unlike with a VCR, consumers can playback a show from its beginning while it is in the middle of being recorded, and consumers can play back a previously recorded show while recording another show. TiVo-enabled DVRs constantly record a
buffer of up to 30 minutes of programming, so consumers who turn on the TV in the middle of an interesting program can often replay it from the beginning.
Personalization and Suggestions
. The TiVo service allows consumers to create preferences for recording of particular shows or categories of
interest. Using the Thumbs Up
and
Thumbs Down
buttons on the TiVo
remote control, consumers can express their preferences for shows. Based on the consumers stored individual preferences, the TiVo service recommends programming that the consumer is likely to enjoy. When storage space is available, the TiVo
service automatically records the suggested programming.
Specialized Content and Innovative Advertising
. We distribute video content designed to entertain consumers while providing a promotional vehicle for our advertising and promotion customers. For example, movie studios pay us
to deliver previews of upcoming films, consumer product companies pay us to market their products, and television networks pay us to promote upcoming programs. In the future, content providers could use the TiVo service to offer consumers special
programming and pay-per-view packages such as movies, sporting events, and television shows.
Our Strategy
Our goal
is to generate significant recurring revenues through the deployment of our technology to television households worldwide. The key elements of our strategy are:
Offer an Increasingly Valuable Service to Attract New Subscribers.
Our goal is to lead the market with innovations that expand the value
and potential of TiVos subscription services. We plan to continue to make TiVo an increasingly compelling home entertainment service for both current and potential customers. For example, in April 2003, we launched a package of networked
features that allow consumers to enjoy video and photos on their televisions and music through their home stereos. We intend to deliver a new service release during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005, called TiVoToGo
. This feature will enable users to move their favorite
programs stored on a TiVo-enabled DVR to a laptop for viewing on the road, or to any PC.
Increase Average Revenue Per User by Selling Advertising and Audience Measurement Services.
As our subscription base has grown, we have been able to offer robust advertising and audience measurement
capabilities to programmers and advertisers. We plan to continue developing and enhancing these offerings, which take advantage of the unique capabilities of the TiVo service. For example, we have recently completed promotional and audience
measurement work for Universal Pictures, General Motors, American Honda Motor Corp., Nissan Motor Corp. and the Coca Cola Company. In February 2004, we announced that we had signed an agreement with Nielsen Media Research to deliver information on
DVR usage to the television industry.
Build a High
Volume Subscriber Acquisition Channel Through Arrangements with Service Providers.
We are pursuing relationships with satellite and cable operators to embed the TiVo service into their offerings. Our relationship with DIRECTV is the first of
these arrangements. We believe this strategy will be successful because of the unique abilities of TiVos technology and services to reduce subscriber churn, increase revenue from TiVo-enabled DVR services, increase buy rates for programming
packages and pay-per-view content, and attract new subscribers.
Integrate Our Technology to Accelerate Platform Deployment.
Our strategy focuses on creating, developing, and deploying DVR standards in order to promote mass deployment of devices capable of running the TiVo service. We work
with leading consumer electronics manufacturers to introduce products that incorporate our technology, including DVD players and recorders, satellite television receivers, and standalone DVRs. Consumers will be able to choose from over a dozen
TiVo-enabled products from industry leaders including Pioneer, Toshiba, DIRECTV, Hughes, Humax, Philips, RCA, and Samsung this year.
Drive Down the Manufacturing Cost of a TiVo-Enabled DVR.
We believe that the high cost of DVR hardware has been an obstacle to mass
adoption. As a result, we have made cost reduction a major focus of our engineering and development efforts. We believe these efforts will lead to a reduction in the average retail price of DVRs for consumers and serve as an important catalyst for
subscription growth.
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Extend and Protect Our Intellectual Property.
The value of the TiVo service is derived
largely from the technology we have developed. Our intellectual property has allowed us to become a leading service provider in the category and is the fundamental reason that many of our customers and consumer electronics manufacturers choose us.
We intend to continue to design, develop, and implement innovative technology solutions that leverage and enhance the TiVo service offering. We have adopted a proactive patent and trademark strategy designed to protect and extend our technology and
intellectual property.
Promote and Leverage the TiVo
Brand.
We believe the strength of the TiVo brand is an advantage in attracting subscribers, consumer electronics manufacturers, advertisers, and other customers. In the past, we have dedicated substantial resources to promoting our brand
through multiple advertising and marketing channels, participation in trade shows, sponsoring events, merchandising, and by leveraging strategic relationships. We believe the TiVo brand is strongly established within the DVR category.
Invest in Subscription Growth
. For the fiscal year ending
January 31, 2005, we plan to increase significantly our investment in subscription acquisition activities with a focus on growing TiVo Service subscriptions. We anticipate the majority of this investment will be in connection with the 2004 holiday
shopping season. We believe this investment can create incremental revenue, profits, and cash flow and put us on a long-term growth trajectory towards creating sustainable profitability.
Our Technology
The TiVo service relies on three key components: the TiVo client software platform, the TiVo service infrastructure, and the TiVo-enabled DVR hardware
design. Each of these components serves a vital function in the TiVo service.
TiVo Client Software.
The TiVo client software runs on TiVo-enabled DVRs. It consists of all operational software required for a TiVo-enabled DVR to deliver the TiVo service properly and reliably. TiVo
client software is based on the open-source Linux operating system, but the bulk of the software is proprietary to TiVo. The software includes system components such as a media-oriented file system, a high-performance transactional database, an
integrated security system, and application components such as media management, and user interface. We have enhanced the client software to support multiple services and applications, such as digital music and photos. The TiVo client software
manages interaction with the TiVo service infrastructure. After the initial set-up of the TiVo service, the TiVo-enabled DVR will automatically connect to the TiVo service infrastructure over a dial-up or broadband connection to download the program
guide data, client software upgrades, Showcases, and other content.
TiVo Service Infrastructure
.
The TiVo service infrastructure enables the ongoing operation of the TiVo service, managing the distribution of proprietary services and specialized content such as program
guide data, Showcases, and TiVo client software upgrades. It interfaces with our billing and customer support systems for service authorization and bug tracking. In addition, the TiVo service infrastructure collects anonymous viewing behavior data
uploaded from TiVo-enabled DVRs for use in our audience measurement efforts. We believe the TiVo service infrastructure technology is scalable, robust, and reliable. The infrastructure has also been designed to take advantage of the networks of
service provider customers, for example, by utilizing DIRECTVs satellite bandwidth to deliver data to DIRECTV receivers with TiVo service. The TiVo service infrastructure is extensible to support future initiatives such as e-commerce and lead
generation, and authorization and billing for premium services.
DVR Hardware Design
. The TiVo-enabled DVR hardware design is a specification developed by us for set-top boxes containing a hard disk drive, a CPU and memory, MPEG-2 digital video chips, a modem, and other components. We
license this technology to consumer electronics manufacturers for them to modify and use in the production of DVRs that enable the TiVo service. We also provide the design to the contract manufacturer that produces TiVo-branded DVRs. The DVR
hardware design has been integrated into a variety of products including DVD players, DVD recorders, DIRECTV receivers, and TiVo service DVRs. The DVR hardware design includes a modular front-end that allows the basic platform to be used for digital
and analog broadcast, digital and analog cable, and satellite applications. In addition, the design includes USB ports to allow connection to broadband networks and external devices to enable future services.
Significant Relationships
DIRECTV
. DIRECTV is the largest provider of satellite
television in the U.S. We have had a longstanding relationship with DIRECTV in which DIRECTV assists us in marketing and delivering the TiVo service to its customer base. This relationship began in 1999 and was expanded in September of 2000 with the
release of the first integrated DIRECTV DVR with TiVo. As of January 31, 2004, we had acquired approximately 676,000 subscriptions through this relationship. Currently, one of DIRECTVs officers is a member of our Board of Directors.
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From 1999 thru October of 2002, we incurred upfront acquisition costs, recognized monthly recurring per
subscriber revenues in a range from $4.15 to $9.95, and incurred recurring service costs for these subscribers. We agreed to pay DIRECTV a share of the revenues we collect from TiVo service subscriptions with standalone DVRs who subscribe to the
DIRECTV service prior to June 30, 2003.
During 2002, we
modified our agreements with the goal of giving DIRECTV the ability and economic incentive to drive volume growth. Under our new agreement, DIRECTV pays us a recurring monthly per-household fee for access to the technology needed to offer its
customers the TiVo service. We incur limited recurring expenses and, on a marginal basis, limited or no acquisition costs for these subscriptions.
In January 2004, the average DIRECTV revenue per subscription, excluding advertising and audience research revenues, was approximately $1.62. We expect
the average monthly subscription revenue per DIRECTV subscription to decline in the future as the mix of DIRECTV subscriptions shifts to the rapidly growing number of additions of new DIRECTV subscriptions, which involve no acquisition costs, lower
recurring expenses, and lower subscription fees.
Our current
agreement with DIRECTV does not expire until February 2007. Afterwards, while DIRECTV will have the option to continue to service the existing DIRECTV receivers with TiVo without further payment to us, it will not be able to add new DIRECTV
receivers with TiVo unless DIRECTV elects to either purchase a royalty-bearing technology license from us or renew or replace our current agreement.
We also recognize revenue from DIRECTV for engineering professional services work on integrated DIRECTV satellite receivers with TiVo service and the
related service infrastructure. We are currently providing DIRECTV with engineering professional services related to a new integrated DIRECTV satellite receiver with TiVo service that supports high definition television service, as well as
engineering professional services related to hardware and service cost improvements and feature enhancements for existing platforms and customers.
Hardware Manufacturers.
Several companies, including Toshiba, Pioneer, Sony, Philips, Thomson Multimedia, and Hughes, have manufactured and
distributed TiVo-enabled DVRs. Each manufacturer is responsible for the manufacturing and distribution of its branded DVRs. We are solely responsible for the activation of the TiVo service on a manufacturers DVR if the purchaser of the DVR
decides to purchase a subscription to the TiVo service. A TiVo-enabled DVR without a subscription to the TiVo service has minimal functionality and can be used to pause, rewind, and fast-forward through live or recorded shows.
We also engage a contract manufacturer to build TiVo-enabled DVRs. We
distribute the TiVo-enabled DVRs, selling them both directly to consumers and to major retailers who offer these products to consumers. The table below shows the breakdown of DVRs compatible with the TiVo service that were manufactured during the
fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002.
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Fiscal Year Ended
January 31,
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TiVo-enabled DVRs Manufactured by:
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2004
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2003
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2002
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Consumer Electronics Manufacturers
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61
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%
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41
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%
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100
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%
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Contract Manufacturer for TiVo
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31
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%
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54
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%
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0
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%
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Licensing and Engineering Professional Services Customer
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8
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%
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5
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%
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0
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%
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Total Manufactured TiVo-enabled DVRs
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100
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%
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100
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%
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100
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%
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Sales and Marketing
The TiVo Service
. We market the TiVo service in two ways.
First, we sell directly to consumers who have purchased a TiVo-enabled DVR. We sell the TiVo service either for a monthly subscription rate of $12.95, or for a single payment of $299 for the lifetime of the DVR. Second, we market our service through
our relationship with DIRECTV. DIRECTV pays us a per-household monthly fee for the ability to offer our service to their customers. DIRECTV makes all pricing decisions regarding the service it sells to its own customer base.
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Digital Video Recorders
.
To use the TiVo service, consumers first purchase a
TiVo-enabled DVR and then activate the TiVo service. Currently, TiVo-enabled DVRs are available from major retailers across the United States, including Best Buy, Circuit City, Amazon.com, Tweeter, and The Good Guys. During the fiscal year ended
January 31, 2004, approximately 80% of DVRs manufactured under contract to TiVo were sold to retail stores and approximately 20% were sold directly from our website.
We recognize revenues from the sale of TiVo-branded DVRs manufactured for us. To drive sales while managing costs, we have
shared marketing expenses with key retailers, and in some cases, we have offered to share a portion of the subscription revenues.
Other Revenue Streams
.
We also receive revenues from promotions and audience research. We market these services both through a
dedicated team of salespeople and through partnerships with companies like Nielsen Media Research.
Research and Product Development
Our research and development efforts are focused on designing and developing the components necessary to enable the TiVo service. These activities included both hardware and software development.
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Fiscal Year Ended
January 31,
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TiVo Inc.
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2004
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2003
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2002
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(in millions)
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Research and Development Expenses
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$
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22.2
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$
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20.7
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$
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27.2
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Although our total
company employee headcount increased by approximately 19%, we increased the number of our regular, temporary and part-time employees engaged in research and development by 33% from a total of 160 to 212 as of January 2004 compared to January 2003.
Competition
We believe that the principal competitive factors in the DVR market are
brand recognition and awareness, functionality, ease of use, availability, and pricing. We currently see two primary categories of DVR competitors: DVRs offered by consumer electronics companies, and DVRs offered by cable and satellite operators.
Within each of these two categories, the competition can be
further segmented into those offering what we define as basic DVR functionality, and those offering enhanced DVR functionality. Basic DVR functionality includes no or limited program guide data and VCR-like controls with manual
timeslot-based recordings, usually with no DVR service fee after the consumer purchases the enabling hardware. The TiVo Basic service is an example of basic DVR functionality. Enhanced DVR functionality includes rich program guide data and enhanced
scheduling and personalization features, and may or may not require a DVR service fee. The TiVo service is an example of enhanced DVR functionality.
Consumer Electronics Competitors
.
We compete against several types of products with basic or enhanced DVR functionality
offered by consumer electronics companies. These products record an analog television signal output from a cable or satellite set-top box, analog cable feed, or antenna.
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DVRs
: ReplayTV has been our primary competitor in the standalone DVR market, offering products with some enhanced DVR functionality. ReplayTV was acquired by D&M Holdings
in 2003. D&M Holdings is the parent company of Denon and Marantz, manufacturers of premium audio and video consumer electronics products. In addition, a number of companies have introduced or announced plans for DVRs that can record HD content,
including RCA and Lucky Goldstar.
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DVD devices with integrated DVRs
: Several consumer electronics companies, including Thomson Multimedia and Panasonic, are producing DVRs integrated with DVD players or DVD
recorders. In general, these products do not require DVR service fees and offer basic DVR functionality.
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Personal computers with DVR software:
Several companies are developing DVR software for PC and PC-related platforms. For example, Microsofts Windows XP Media Center
Edition contains expanded digital media features including some enhanced DVR functionality.
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Satellite and Cable DVR Competitors
.
The DIRECTV satellite receiver with TiVo
service competes against other cable and satellite set-top boxes that integrate basic or enhanced DVR functionality into multi-channel receivers.
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Satellite
: EchoStar released the DishPVR 501 in 2001, which combined EchoStar Dish Network satellite reception with basic DVR functionality, including repeating timer-based
recordings. In July 2002, EchoStar released the DishPVR 721, which offers a limited DVR feature set. EchoStar has also released the DishPVR 921, a system for High Definition signals. Additionally, it is possible that NDS Group PLC (NDS)
will begin working with DIRECTV to provide additional DVR technology to DIRECTV customers.
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Cable:
Scientific-Atlanta sells the Explorer 8000 integrated digital cable DVR set-top box to cable operators. This product combines digital and analog cable reception with
dual-tuner DVR functionality. Motorola has announced its own plans for integrated cable DVRs. In addition, Motorola has announced plans to build integrated cable DVRs for cable operator Charter Communications using Moxi Media Center software from
Digeo. Other DVR technology providers targeting the integrated DVR space include set-top box manufacturers Pioneer and Pace, and software providers NDS and Canal+ Technologies.
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Video on Demand
: U.S. cable operators are currently deploying server-based Video on Demand (VOD) technology from SeaChange, Concurrent, nCube, and others, which could
potentially evolve into competition. Server-based VOD relies on content servers located within the cable operators central head-end that stream video across the network to a digital cable set-top box within the consumers home. Cable
operators can use VOD to deliver movies, television shows, and other content to consumers. Consumers can watch this programming on demand, with VCR-like pausing and rewinding capabilities. Operators can charge consumers for access to VOD content on
a per-transaction or monthly subscription basis, or can offer content without charge. To the extent that cable operators begin to offer regular television programming as part of their VOD offerings, consumers will have an alternate means of watching
time-shifted shows other than using DVRs.
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Licensing Fees.
Our licensing revenues depend both upon our ability to successfully negotiate licensing agreements with our consumer electronics and service provider customers and, in turn, upon our
customers successful commercialization of their underlying products. In addition, we face competition from companies such as Microsoft, OpenTV, NDS, D&M Holdings, Digeo, Ucentric, and Gotuit who have created competing digital video
recording technologies. Such companies may offer more economically attractive licensing agreements to service providers and manufacturers of DVRs. Going forward, in our relationships with manufacturers and distributors, we are shifting focus from
upfront license and engineering professional services payments to recurring royalty and service payments. We expect future technology revenues to decline from the fiscal years 2004 and 2003 levels as we complete existing contracts.
Established competition for advertising budgets.
Digital video
recorder services, in general, and TiVo, specifically, also compete with traditional advertising media such as print, radio, and television for a share of advertisers total advertising budgets. If advertisers do not perceive digital video
recording services, in general, and TiVo specifically, as an effective advertising medium, they may be reluctant to devote a significant portion of their advertising budget to promotions on the TiVo service. In addition, advertisers may not support
or embrace the TiVo technology due to a belief that our technologys ability to fast-forward through commercials will reduce the effectiveness of general television advertising.
Patents and Intellectual Property
We have filed patent applications covering many critical aspects of the design, functionality, and operation of a TiVo digital video recorder. We have
been awarded 61 foreign and domestic patents, have 60 foreign and domestic patent applications pending, and have one provisional patent application pending. We have also filed patent applications that cover technology we intend to incorporate in
future versions of the TiVo service and hardware. Patents we hold the rights to include:
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U.S. patent number 6,327,418, entitled
Method and Apparatus Implementing Random Access and Time-Based Functions on a Continuous Stream of Formatted Digital Data,
originally
filed in April of 1998, which describes a method of controlling streaming media in a digital device. We refer to this as the TrickPlay patent. The TrickPlay patent covers the functions of the TiVo-enabled DVR that enable viewers to pause
live TV as well as rewind, fast-forward, play, play faster, play slower, and play in reverse television signals cached by the DVR. The patent also claims methods for storing, editing, and manipulating video.
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U.S. patent number 6,233,389, entitled
Multimedia Time Warping System,
originally filed in July of 1998, which describes many of the key inventions associated with the
TiVo-enabled DVR software and hardware design. We refer to this as the TimeWarp patent. Key inventions claimed in the patent include a method for recording one program while playing back another or watching a program as it is recording,
often referred to as time-shifting the program; a method for efficient and low-cost processing and synchronizing of the various multimedia streams in a television signal such as video, audio, and closed-captioning, and a storage format that easily
supports advanced TrickPlay capabilities.
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Several of our early patent applications have been examined and claims allowed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, certain of our patents have been examined and approved under the terms of the Patent Convention Treaty,
which provides for nominal acceptance of the patent in countries that are signatories to the treaty, which includes most countries in the world. We are currently filing for acceptance in key countries around the world.
We have secured U.S. registrations for the marks TiVo, the TiVo
Logo, TiVo Smile Design, TiVo Central, Cant Miss TV, Ipreview, TiVoMatic, TV Your Way, What you want, when you want it, TiVolution, and the Jump Logo. We have
filed many other trademark applications covering substantially all of our trade dress, logos, and slogans, including: Active Preview, DIRECTIVO, Overtime Scheduler, Personal TV, Primetime
Anytime, Season Pass, See it, want it, get it, Thumbs Down (logo and text), Thumbs Up (logo and text), TiVo Series2 (logo and text), Home Media Option,
Wishlist, and Life is too short for bad TV. These applications are currently pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Additionally, we have international trademark applications pending for several of these
trademarks. We have licensed the use of our name and logo to some of our customers and consumer electronics manufacturers.
We anticipate ongoing progress in our establishment of a defensible and useful intellectual property portfolio; however, there can be no assurance that
current patent applications will ever be allowed or granted. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Factors that May Affect Future Operating Results Our success depends on
our ability to secure and protect patents, trademarks, and other proprietary rights for additional information concerning our intellectual property.
Privacy Policy
We have adopted a privacy policy, which we make available on our website and deliver to each new subscriber to the TiVo service. This policy was last
updated in August 2003 to cover new commerce features that we plan to introduce in the future. This policy explains that we collect certain types of information such as anonymous viewing and diagnostic information, but all viewing information that
is linked or associated with an individual identity will not be disclosed without the viewers affirmative consent. We further give subscribers the ability to opt-out from the collection of anonymous viewing information and
diagnostic information log files.
We have designed a system
that ensures that any viewing information transmitted from our receiver is anonymous on the receiver and remains unidentifiable to a particular viewer (known as anonymous viewing information), unless that subscriber affirmatively consents to such
identification before any viewing data leaves the receiver. Anonymous viewing information is collected separately from any information that identifies a viewer personally. As a result, unless subscribers affirmatively consent to the collection of
personally identifiable viewing information before the file containing such viewing information is transmitted from the receiver to our distribution servers, we have no way of matching anonymous viewing information with particular subscribers. We
may be able to use this anonymous information to tell a broadcast or advertising client the percentage of our viewers that recorded a particular program or advertisement, but we will not know, nor be able to tell the client, which of our viewers did
so, unless a viewer decides to provide that information.
Employees
At April 1, 2004, we employed approximately 304
employees, including 34 in service operations, 180 in research and development, 30 in sales and marketing, and 60 in general and administration. We also employ, from time to time, a number of temporary and part-time employees as well as consultants
on a contract basis. At April 1, 2004, we employed 61 such persons. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract, train, retain, and motivate highly qualified employees. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining such
personnel. Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining organization and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike. Our management considers employee relations to be good.
9
Executive Officers and Key Employees (as of April 1, 2004):
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Name
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Age
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Position
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Executive Officers
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Michael Ramsay
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54
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Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
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Martin Yudkovitz
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49
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President
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David H. Courtney
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45
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Executive Vice President Worldwide Operations and Administration and Chief Financial Officer
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Brodie Keast
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48
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Executive Vice President TiVo Service
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James Barton
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46
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Senior Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Technical Officer
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Ta-Wei Chien
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49
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Senior Vice President, General Manager of TiVo Technologies and Licensing Business
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Mark A. Roberts
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43
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Senior Vice President of Engineering
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Key Employees
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Susan Cashen
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43
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Vice President of Marketing
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Andrew Cresci
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43
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Vice President of New Business Development
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Rob Currie
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36
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Vice President of Market Development
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Ken Kershner
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43
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Vice President of Service Engineering
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Luther Kitahata
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39
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Vice President of Software Engineering
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Jeff Klugman
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43
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Vice President of Platform Business
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Edward Lichty
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34
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Vice President of Business Development
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Howard Look
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37
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Vice President of Applications and User Experience
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Joe Miller
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37
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Vice President of Sales
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Laura Schulte
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38
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Vice President of Human Resources
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Stuart West
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34
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Vice President of Finance
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Matthew Zinn
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39
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Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary, and Chief Privacy Officer
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Michael Ramsay
is a co-founder of TiVo and has served as TiVos Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer since our inception in August 1997. From April 1996 to July 1997, Mr. Ramsay was the Senior Vice President of the Silicon
Desktop Group for Silicon Graphics, a manufacturer of advanced graphics computers. From August 1994 to April 1996, Mr. Ramsay was President of Silicon Studio, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) focused on
enabling applications development for emerging interactive media markets. From July 1991 to August 1994, Mr. Ramsay served as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Silicon Graphics Visual Systems Group. Mr. Ramsay also held the
positions of vice president and general manager for the Entry Systems Division of SGI. Prior to 1986, Mr. Ramsay held research & development and engineering management positions at Hewlett-Packard and Convergent Technologies. Additionally, Mr.
Ramsay serves on the board of directors of Netflix, Inc., an online DVD rental service. Mr. Ramsay holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Martin Yudkovitz
joined TiVo in April 2003 as President. Prior to
joining TiVo, Mr. Yudkovitz was an Executive Vice President of NBC since July 2000 and President of NBC Digital Media since November of 1995. Mr. Yudkovitz had a leading role in the development and launch of CNBC, NBCs first entry into cable
TV, MSNBC, NBCs second cable TV venture, and MSNBC.com, an Internet news site. During his tenure, Mr. Yudkovitz also founded NBC Digital Media, and both created and supervised NBCs extensive relationship with Microsoft, which resulted in
the joint ventures of MSNBC.com, NBC.com and NBCSports.com, to name a few. Mr. Yudkovitz serves on the board of directors of A&E/The History Channel, as well as several other non-public corporate boards. He also serves as a member of the board
of trustees of Rutgers University, as well as the boards of several other non-profit/charitable foundations. Mr. Yudkovitz holds a B.A. degree in Political Science from Rutgers University and a J.D. degree from Columbia University School of
Law.
David H. Courtney
joined TiVo in March 1999
as Chief Financial Officer and is currently Executive Vice President of Worldwide Operations and Administration, Chief Financial Officer, and a member of the board of directors. From May 1995 to July 1998, Mr. Courtney served as a Managing Director
at J.P. Morgan, an investment bank, where he was
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responsible for building and expanding the firms high technology investment banking business in the United States. From 1986 to 1995, Mr. Courtney was
a member of the high technology investment banking group at Goldman, Sachs & Co., most recently serving as Vice President. Mr. Courtney currently serves as a director of KQED Television, a non-profit affiliate of the Public Broadcasting System
in San Francisco, California and serves on the board of directors of Silicon Image Inc., a semiconductor and system solutions company. Mr. Courtney holds a B.A. degree in Economics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford
Business School.
Brodie Keast
was named Executive Vice
President of TiVo Service in March 2004. He had served as Senior Vice President, General Manager of TiVo service since November 2001. In December 1999, Mr. Keast joined TiVo as Vice President of Sales and Marketing. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Keast
was employed with Quantum Corporation from 1996 through 1999 most recently serving as Vice President and General Manager for Quantums DLT Tape Division. Prior to joining Quantum, he spent ten years at Apple Computer where he held a number of
executive marketing positions. Mr. Keast holds a B.S. degree in Computer Science from California State University, Chico.
James Barton
is a co-founder of TiVo and has served as TiVos Vice President of Research and Development, Chief Technical Officer and Director
since our inception to January 2004 and is currently Senior Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Technical Officer. From June 1996 to August 1997, Mr. Barton was President and Chief Executive Officer of Network Age Software, Inc., a
company that he founded to develop software products targeted at managed electronic distribution. From November 1994 to May 1996, Mr. Barton served as Chief Technical Officer of Interactive Digital Solutions Company, a joint venture of Silicon
Graphics and AT&T Network Systems created to develop interactive television systems. From June 1993 to November 1994, Mr. Barton served as Vice President and General Manager of the Media Systems Division of SGI. From January 1990 to May 1991,
Mr. Barton served as Vice President and General Manager for the Systems Software Division of Silicon Graphics. Prior to joining SGI, Mr. Barton held technical and management positions with Hewlett-Packard and Bell Laboratories. Mr. Barton holds a
B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Ta-Wei Chien
has served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of TiVo Technology and Licensing Business since November 2001. Previously, Mr.
Chien served as TiVos Vice President of Engineering and Operations from February 1998. From December 1996 to February 1998, Mr. Chien served as Vice President of Engineering in the Desktop Workstations group at SGI, where he managed
engineering projects for desktop workstations. From April 1991 to December 1996, Mr. Chien was a director of digital media and VLSI engineering at SGI. Mr. Chien holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University and an
M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Mark A. Roberts
was named Senior Vice President of Engineering in December 2002. He had served as Chief Information Officer of TiVo since March 1999 and Vice President of Information Technology since July 1999.
Prior to joining TiVo, he served as Vice President of Information Technology at Acuson Corporation, a medical ultrasound company, from March 1996 to March 1999. From July 1990 to March 1996, Mr. Roberts was Director of Information Systems at SGI.
Mr. Roberts holds a B.S. degree in Economics from Santa Clara University.
Susan Cashen
was named Vice President of Marketing in February 2003. She joined TiVo in March 2000 as Vice President of Corporate Communications. From November 1994 to March 2000, Ms. Cashen was employed at
Blanc & Otus, a leading technology public relations firm based in San Francisco, California and most recently served as Senior Vice President and Partner from March 1999 to March 2000. Prior to joining Blanc & Otus, Ms. Cashen managed her
own consulting practice. Ms. Cashen holds a B.A. degree in Russian Studies from Hamilton College.
Andrew Cresci
was named Vice President of New Business Development in September 2002. Prior to that, has served as Vice President and General
Manager of TiVo (UK) since November 2000. In August 1999, Mr. Cresci co-founded TapCast, a California based wireless Internet portal. Prior to founding TapCast Mr. Cresci was Director of Worldwide Marketing for the workstation division at SGI for
eight years. Mr. Cresci holds a B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Bath, England.
Rob Currie
joined TiVo as Vice President of Market Development in January 2004 as part of TiVos acquisition of Strangeberry, Inc. where he
was CEO from December 2002 to January 2004. From October 2001 to November 2002, Mr. Currie was a co-founder and principle at Airgomo S.L., a Spanish wireless software consultancy. From August 1996 to January 2000, Mr. Currie was Vice President of
Engineering at Marimba Inc., an Internet infrastructure software company. Mr. Currie holds a B.S, degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.B.A. degree from the University of
Chicago.
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Ken Kershner
joined TiVo in July 2000 and is currently Vice President, Service Engineering.
Previously he served as Engineering VP at TenTV.com, a streaming media educational services firm. From March 1991 to August 1999, Mr. Kershner held engineering and program management positions at SGI focused on digital media and web applications.
Prior to SGI, Mr. Kershner worked at Hewlett Packard and Texas Instruments. Mr. Kershner holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Duke University and an M.B.A. degree from M.I.T.s Sloan School.
Luther Kitahata
has served as Vice President of Software Engineering
since October 2000. He joined TiVo in 1998 as the Director of Software. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Kitahata was part of the founding team at Navio Communications (now Liberate Technologies) where he worked in both managerial and engineering
capacities from April of 1996 to January 1998. Prior to 1996, Mr. Kitahata was founder and Director of Engineering of E-Motion, a leading provider of content distribution and multimedia collaboration systems. Mr. Kitahata holds an M.S. degree and a
B.A. degree with honors in Computer Science from Brown University.
Jeff Klugman
has served as Vice President of Platform Business since December 2001. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Klugman was CEO of PointsBeyond.com, an internet-portal start-up focused on outdoor activities and adventures. In 1999,
Mr. Klugman was Vice President of Marketing and Business Development for one of Quantums business units. Mr. Klugman holds a B.S. degree in engineering from Carnegie Mellon University and an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Business School.
Edward Lichty
was named Vice President of Business
Development in November 2002. Prior to joining TiVo in April 1998, Mr. Lichty was a member of the finance team at International Wireless Communications, a wireless service provider with operating companies in Latin America and Asia. Mr. Lichty began
his career in the investment banking group at Stephens Inc., a privately-held firm located in Little Rock, AR. Mr. Lichty received a B.A. degree in American Literature from Yale University and holds an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Business
School.
Howard Look
has served as Vice President of
Applications and User Experience in June 2003. He had served as Vice President of TiVo Studios since March 2000. He joined TiVo in February 1998 as Director of Application Software. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Look was Manager and the Director of
Applied Engineering at SGI from 1996 to 1998. Mr. Look holds a B.S degree in Computer Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University.
Joe Miller
has served as Vice President of Sales since October 2000. From June 1999 to October 2000, Mr. Miller served as Director of Channel
Marketing for TiVo. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Miller was employed with U.S. Satellite Broadcasting from 1994 to 1999, most recently serving as General Manager of Retail Sales. Prior to joining U.S. Satellite Broadcasting, Mr. Miller was National
Sales Manager for Cox Satellite Programming. Mr. Miller holds a B.A. degree in Public Relations from Southwest Texas State University.
Laura Schulte
joined TiVo as Vice President of Human Resources in July 2002. Prior to TiVo, Ms. Schulte served as Vice President of Human Resources
for Blue Pumpkin Software. Ms. Schulte also worked as Vice President of Human Resources for Netigy Corporation and prior to that, held numerous positions within the Human Resources department at Western Digital Corporation, where she was responsible
for the management of all HR activities. Ms. Schulte holds a B.A. degree in Psychology from UC Irvine.
Stuart West
has served as Vice President of Finance since November 2002. Prior to joining TiVo in December 2000, Mr. West was a business
development executive at venture-backed Silicon Valley software and service startups. Prior to that, Mr. West was a Vice President at J. P. Morgan, where he managed mergers, IPOs, and other financings for technology companies. Mr. Wests
other work experience includes Texas Instruments, the U.S. State Department, and the White House. He holds a B.A. in History from Yale University and completed the Stanford Business Schools Executive Program for Growing Companies.
Matthew Zinn
has served as Vice President, General Counsel, and
Chief Privacy Officer since July 2000 and as Corporate Secretary since November 2003. From May 1998 to July 2000, Mr. Zinn was the Senior Attorney, Broadband Law and Policy for the MediaOne Group, a leading global communications company. From August
1995 to May 1998, Mr. Zinn served as corporate counsel for Continental Cablevision, the third largest cable television operator in the United States. From November 1993 to August 1995, he was an associate with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Cole,
Raywid & Braverman, where he represented cable operators in federal, state, and local matters. Mr. Zinn holds a B.A. degree in Political Science from the University of Vermont and holds a J.D. degree from the George Washington University
National Law Center
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Other Information
TiVo was incorporated in August 1997 as a Delaware corporation and is located in Alviso, California. In August of 2000, we formed a wholly owned
subsidiary, TiVo (UK) Ltd., in the United Kingdom. In October of 2001, we formed a subsidiary, TiVo International, Inc., a Delaware corporation. On January 12, 2004, we acquired Strangeberry, Inc., a small Palo Alto based technology company
specializing in using home network and broadband technologies to create new entertainment experiences on television.
We maintain an Internet website at the following address:
www.tivo.com
. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this
annual report on Form 10-K.
We make available on or through
our website certain reports and amendments to those reports that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Securities Exchange
Act). These include our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K. We make this information available on or through our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after
we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC.