Competition
The relocation services business is highly competitive, and includes a handful of major companies that provide a full suite of relocation services, including
SIRVA, Cendant, Prudential, Weichert/RRI and GMAC. The remainder of the relocation business is highly fragmented, with a variety of companies offering individual services, including real estate
brokers, moving companies, accounting firms, mortgage firms, destination service providers and business process outsourcing firms.
The
basis for competing successfully in this market rests on a company's ability to meet the needs of corporate customers, including high quality, low cost, low risk, simplified
administration and effective knowledge management. The majority of our major competitors approach the market based on their strength in real estate. Like us, other competitors such as Crown, Interdean
and Unigroup approach the market based on their strength in moving services.
The
moving services business is highly competitive and fragmented. Within North America, there are a number of large moving companies providing national services. The remainder of the
industry remains extremely fragmented with many small private players that have strong positions in local markets. We compete primarily with national moving companies, independent movers and
self-storage
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and
self-haul service providers. Some of our chief competitors in the moving services business are Unigroup (United and Mayflower), Atlas and Bekins. Quality, customer service, price and
capacity are key factors in the mover selection process.
Within
Europe and the Asia Pacific region, the industry is also extremely fragmented among regional, national and local companies. Many of these companies may specialize in segments of
the moving market such as international, domestic or office moving. Our chief competitors in Europe and the Asia Pacific region include Crown Relocations, Santa Fe, Britannia, TransEuro, Amertrans,
Sterling, Michael Gerson, White & Company and Interdean in corporate and consumer moving, and Harrow Green, Edes and Business Moves in office moving and Iron Mountain and Recall in records
management.
Specialized Transportation Industry
The specialized transportation industry services corporate customers that have products that are typically of high value, are difficult to package and transport
and have special handling and/or delivery requirements. These requirements often dictate specialized equipment and skilled crews to handle, deliver and occasionally install the product. These services
have often been used by the high tech, telecommunications, medical equipment, fitness equipment and signage industries.
SIRVA Specialized Transportation:
Our specialized transportation services grew out of our moving business. We have
traditionally been focused largely on the computer, electronics and medical equipment sectors, and have developed sophisticated technology solutions that allow us to identify and track this high value
freight at the serialized level. Our fleet of trailers are specifically equipped to handle the loading, unloading and hauling of sensitive, technology-based products. We, along with our agents, also
operate a network of distribution and warehouse locations that are configured to store and track a client's inventory. We can combine our physical distribution capabilities with our network of
locations to provide our clients with a complete package of transportation capabilities. The specialized product delivery process begins when corporate accounts contact local representatives or us to
establish shipment requirements. We then coordinate the availability of our specially equipped trailers with the availability of owner/operators who provide the tractor and perform the hauling and
handling services.
We
and our agents have established numerous ongoing relationships with key corporate customers requiring high-value, specialized services, including many Fortune 500
companies. Our customer base is located primarily in the United States.
Our
specialized transportation services generally utilize the same proprietary agent network as our moving services business for a majority of the sales and a portion of the
transportation, warehousing and delivery services we provide for our customers. The contract with our agent defines the compensation structure for services provided, which typically pays a percentage
of operating revenue to agents involved in the process.
We
announced in April 2004 that over the next six months, we intend to evaluate our strategic options with respect to our specialized transportation business.
Network Services
The network services market comprises a range of services offered to moving and storage agents, independent owner/operators and small fleet operators to assist
them in the daily operation of their business. Services offered include insurance products, fleet maintenance programs, equipment and fuel purchase packages, breakdown and road services as well as
technology, legal and tax services.
We
offer a variety of network services targeted at meeting the needs of truck drivers, fleet owners and agents, both inside and outside our network. We developed these services using the
knowledge of the needs of truck drivers, fleet owners and agents that we have accumulated from managing our
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proprietary
agent network, operating our own fleets and drivers and from our frequent interactions with independent owner/operators.
Our
services include insurance coverage such as vehicle liability, occupational accident, physical damage, and inland marine insurance coverage, as well as truck maintenance and repair
services and group purchasing. In addition, we offer a suite of services including fuel, cell phone, tire services, legal assistance and retirement programs to the members of the NAIT, an association
of independent contract truck drivers. This association currently has approximately 27,900 owner/operator members, and we believe there is substantial opportunity for continued growth.
Insurance Services
Transguard, the largest component of the Network Services segment, is a leading provider of insurance services to moving agents, small-fleet owners and
owner/operators.
Customer Category
|
|
Estimated U.S. Industry Size
|
|
Number of SIRVA Customers
|
|
% of Total Insurance Revenue for
the year ended
December 31, 2003
|
|
|
Agents
|
|
in excess of 16,000
|
|
442
|
|
33
|
%
|
|
Small-Fleet Owners
|
|
450,000 trucks
|
|
15,111 representing 1,715 trucks
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
Independent Owner/Operators
|
|
168,000
|
|
27,865
|
|
55
|
%
|
Due
to the historical relationship with our moving services companies, Transguard provides insurance services to a significant portion of our U.S. fulfillment network. We have used the
market position and knowledge acquired from serving our network to extend our offering to non-affiliated
agents, drivers and small fleet owners. The acquisition of the NAIT in April 2002 and the acquisition of MovePak in December 2003 opened up new customer channels of independent
owner/operators. Transguard sells insurance services through our moving services business and through MovePak and to the members of NAIT, which offer low-cost channels for acquiring new
customers. We also sell our insurance services through a network of third-party insurance brokers.
Transguard's
range of insurance offerings are tailored to the needs of our customer segments, including:
Premium In Force at December 31, 2003
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As
a result of our focus on a targeted customer base and industry knowledge acquired through our other operations, we can design product offerings that are tailored for the needs of our
target market. We believe that competitors without moving operations lack this knowledge and specific market focus, and offer more generic solutions that are not as attractive to our customers. We are
cautious in choosing which customers to insure and what kinds of insurance to write. The insurance products listed in the chart above generally are short-tail in nature and have
quantifiable exposures. We do not write significant amounts of longer-tail, more open-ended liability insurance products, such as workers' compensation. Our measured approach
is reflected in our historical operating performance; we have consistently earned a profit on our underwriting activity, which represents approximately 68% of our income from operations in our
insurance business; investment income represents the balance. Our combined loss and expense ratio was 82% at the end of 2003, has been below 100% for the past ten years and has declined each year
since 1998. The combined loss and expense ratio is a key measure of underwriting profitability traditionally used in the property and casualty business. When the combined ratio is under 100%,
underwriting results are generally considered profitable.
Insurance and Claims Reserves
Transguard establishes reserves that are estimates of amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses in the future for insured events that have already
occurred. The process of estimating reserves involves a considerable degree of judgment by management and, as of any given date, is inherently uncertain. Reserves include provisions for reported
claims, or case estimates, provisions for incurred-but-not-reported claims and legal and administrative costs to settle claims. Reserve estimates are based upon
past claims experience, knowledge of claims staff regarding the nature and potential cost of each claim and trends and estimates of future claims trends. These claims costs are influenced by many
factors that change over time, such as changed coverage definitions as a result of new court decisions, inflation in costs to repair or replace damaged property, inflation in the cost of medical
services, as well as the particular, unique facts that pertain to each claim. As a result, the rate at which claims arose in the past and the costs to settle them may not always be representative of
what will occur in the future.
Management
believes that Transguard's insurance and claims reserves are reasonable; however, for the reasons previously discussed, the amounts of the reserves established as of a given
balance sheet date and the subsequent actual losses and loss expenses paid will likely differ, perhaps by a material amount. There is no guarantee that recorded reserves will prove to be adequate. If
management determines that an adjustment to insurance and claims reserves is appropriate, the adjustment to earnings is made in the accounting period in which such determination is made in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles.
Reinsurance
Transguard reinsures a portion of the risks it underwrites in order to control its exposure to losses, stabilize earnings and protect capital resources.
Transguard cedes to reinsurers a portion of these risks and pays premiums based upon the risks and exposure of the policies subject to reinsurance. Reinsurance involves credit risks and is generally
subject to aggregate loss limits. Although the reinsurer is liable to Transguard to the extent of the reinsurance ceded, Transguard remains liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured.
Transguard monitors the financial conditions of reinsurers on an ongoing basis, and reviews its reinsurance arrangements periodically. Reinsurers are selected based on their financial condition,
business practices and the price of their product offerings. The amount of premiums ceded to reinsurers for the year ended December 31, 2003 and the three months ended March 31, 2004 was
$11.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively.
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NAIT
NAIT is an association of independent owner/operators. In exchange for annual membership dues of $122, NAIT offers a broad array of products and services,
designed to improve the profitability and quality of life of the independent trucker. These services include fuel and tire discounts, emergency breakdown assistance, retirement programs, legal
assistance, calling cards and overnight delivery. NAIT members are also offered a range of insurance services by Transguard. Since we acquired NAIT in April of 2002, we have been successful in selling
its services both to our network of service providers and to non-affiliated owner/operators, with membership rising from approximately 13,300 in April 2002, when we acquired NAIT,
to approximately 27,900 as of March 31, 2004, despite experiencing substantial turnover in the membership base during this period. Our marketing efforts are directed toward attracting new
members from the total population of more than 165,000 independent owner/operators in the United States.
Fleet Services
Through our fleet services business, we use the scale of our fulfillment network to offer our agents and drivers discount vehicle and supply purchase programs,
and access to a nationwide network of independent repair centers to meet their needs when on the road. We also offer repair services through two of our own facilities, including one of the largest
commercial equipment maintenance facilities in the U.S. Approximately 81% of fleet services operating revenues are for non-affiliated customers. In the future, we intend to offer new
services to agents, drivers and small fleet owners, including outsourced administrative services, tax management, load optimization and proprietary affiliated marketing services.
Competition
Our competition in the insurance industry is composed of large, general-line insurance companies, such as State Farm and Firemans Fund, and smaller
companies that focus on our market, the most important of which is Vanliner, a subsidiary of Unigroup. The bases for competition in this industry are primarily price, product offerings and perceived
quality of the insurance company. Fleet services is a highly fragmented industry with many service providers, including Comdata, Wright
Express and Western Union. Competition for fleet services is on the basis of service offering, price and geographic scope.
Transportation Solutions
Our transportation solutions business is a participant in the third-party logistics industry. Third-party logistics companies provide outsourcing services for a
full range of customer supply chain functions, including order fulfillment, freight bill auditing and payment, cross-docking, product marking, labeling and packaging, inventory and warehouse
management, parts return and repair and the physical movement of goods. According to industry sources, about half of all logistics costs incurred in the U.S. relate to services provided by independent
suppliers. According to Armstrong & Associates, the third-party logistics services sector of the domestic logistics market was approximately $65 billion in 2002.
Our
Transportation Solutions business provides inventory management solutions using proprietary asset management technology, to coordinate a variety of services such as order
fulfillment, project-specific delivery management, and the tracing of products through customers' supply chains. We use our technology expertise developed in our moving and storage business to provide
sophisticated inventory management solutions, including serialized tracking, inventory and stock management, in-transit product merge and configuration and other customized services,
principally to customers with
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inventory
tracking requirements. We also provide freight forwarding and other selected supply chain solutions. Our Transportation Solutions segment is organized into two business units:
-
-
Inventory
management solutions, which uses proprietary asset management technology to coordinate a variety of services such as finished goods, order fulfillment,
project-specific delivery management and the tracing of products through the supply chain; and
-
-
Transportation
management services, which provides freight optimization and transportation management services to customers.
Our
Transportation Solutions segment manages customers' inventory primarily through our proprietary OnTrac Network, a technology system that integrates transportation management tools
into our 32 company- and agent-owned logistics centers.
We
sell our Transportation Solutions to corporate customers through our ten-member corporate sales team. This team is augmented by over 50 agent network sales personnel, who,
while selling Specialized Transportation, often identify opportunities for Transportation Solutions.
Competition
We compete with a broad spectrum of logistics providers including inventory management software providers, freight forwarders, brokers and various other logistics
providers. The primary basis of competition is service, network and technology capabilities. Both in North America and Europe, logistics services providers are bundling services to offer single-source
logistics solutions. Some of our primary competitors in supply chain management services are Exel, UPS, Ryder Logistics, FedEx Logistics, Menlo Logistics, Deutsche Post and UPS Logistics.
Government Regulation
Our operations are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations that in many instances require permits and licenses. Our U.S.
interstate motor carrier operations, as a common and contract carrier, are regulated by the Surface Transportation Board and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, which are independent
agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation. The Surface Transportation Board has jurisdiction similar to the former Interstate Commerce Commission over such issues as rates, tariffs,
antitrust immunity and undercharge and overcharge claims. The Department of Transportation, and in particular the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, also has jurisdiction over such matters
as safety, the registration of motor carriers, freight forwarders and brokers, insurance (financial responsibility) matters, financial reporting requirements and enforcement of leasing and loading and
unloading practices. In addition to motor carrier operations, we also conduct domestic operations as a licensed or permitted freight forwarder and property broker. Many of the licenses and permits
that we hold were issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was eliminated in 1996; some of its regulatory functions are now performed by the Department of Transportation, the Surface
Transportation Board and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. With respect to interstate motor carrier operations, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration is the principal
regulator in terms of safety, including carrier and driver qualification, drug and alcohol testing of drivers, hours of service requirements and maintenance and qualification of equipment.
We
are an ocean transportation intermediary pursuant to the Shipping Act of 1984, as amended. As such, we hold ocean freight forwarder licenses issued by the Federal Maritime Commission,
or FMC, and are subject to FMC bonding requirements applicable to ocean freight forwarders. We also conduct certain operations as a non-vessel-operating common carrier and are subject to
the regulations relating to FMC tariff filing and bonding requirements, and under the Shipping Act of 1984, particularly with respect to terms thereof proscribing rebating practices. The FMC does not
currently regulate the level of our fees in any material respect.
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Our
U.S. Customs brokerage activities are licensed by the United States Department of the Treasury and are regulated by the United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection. We are
also subject to similar regulations by the regulatory authorities of foreign jurisdictions in which we operate.
With
respect to U.S. state and Canadian provincial licenses, the permitting and licensing structure largely parallels the U.S. federal licensing regulatory structure.
In
the United States, North American Van Lines, Allied and Global have been participants in certain collective activities, including collective rate-making with other motor
carriers pursuant to an exemption from the antitrust laws as currently set forth in The Motor Carrier Act of 1980. Over the years, the scope of the antitrust exemption has decreased and there can be
no assurance that such exemption from the antitrust laws will continue in the future. The loss of such exemption could result in an adverse effect on our operations or financial condition.
In
Europe, including the United Kingdom, we hold "O" (operators) licenses and international transport licenses in the eleven countries in which we run trucks. These licenses are
approvals from the relevant local authority permitting the operation of commercial vehicles from specified bases. One of the prerequisites for these licenses is the employment by the relevant business
of individuals who hold certain certificates of professional competence concerning their management of the business's fleet of vehicles.
In
the Asia Pacific region, we hold various commercial vehicle licenses. Additionally, in Australia we hold licenses for international relocation for our customs, quarantine and air
freight operation and to store dangerous goods in connection with our management and operation of gas refueling tanks. We also are applying to be licensed under Australia's Financial Services Reform
Act so that we can comply with a 2004 requirement that will apply to our sale of insurance-style products within our moving business. In New Zealand, we hold a goods service license to operate as a
removalist, licenses for branded warehouses at major ports of entry in connection with our receipt of imported goods, and government approvals in connection with our establishment as a customs branded
area and an approved facility for exams.
Transguard
and our other insurance subsidiaries such as The Baxendale Insurance Company Ltd., which is part of our Europe and Asia Pacific business, are subject to extensive
supervision and regulation by insurance regulators in their respective jurisdictions, including regulations limiting the transfer of assets, loans, or the payments of dividends from such insurance
subsidiaries to their affiliates, including us. Such regulation could limit our ability to draw on these insurance subsidiaries' assets to repay our indebtedness.
SIRVA
Title Agency, Inc. and its affiliate National Settlement must be licensed or appointed in any state in which they act as an agent to offer title insurance. SIRVA Title
Agency is licensed in Ohio and National Settlement is licensed in 21 states and appointed in 12 states plus the District of Columbia. Each state has a varying degree of regulatory and annual reporting
requirements.
In
addition, in order to receive referral fees, SIRVA Relocation is currently licensed, through individual employees, as a real estate broker in Ohio. Internal Revenue Service rules and
regulations concerning home sale transactions also have a significant impact on our Global Relocation Solutions segments.
SIRVA
Mortgage, Inc. is authorized to conduct first-lien mortgage lending activity as a mortgage banker in all fifty states and the District of Columbia and
second-lien mortgage activity in 42 states and the District of Columbia. SIRVA Mortgage has obtained a mortgage lending license and is licensed in good standing (or has received an
exemption from regulation) in all states where required. State mortgage licensing laws and regulation activities have a significant impact on our mortgage lending activities.
78
Any
violation of the laws and regulations discussed above could increase claims and/or liabilities, including claims for uninsured punitive damages. Failure to maintain required permits
or licenses, or to comply with applicable regulations could subject us to fines or, in the event of a serious violation, suspension or revocation of operating authority or criminal penalties. All of
these regulatory authorities have broad powers generally governing activities such as authority to engage in motor carrier operations, rates and charges and certain mergers, consolidations and
acquisitions. Although compliance with these regulations has not had a materially adverse effect on our operations or financial condition in the past, there can be no assurance that such regulations
or any changes to such regulations will not materially adversely impact our operations in the future.
Our
international operations are conducted primarily through local branches owned or leased by various subsidiaries in 21 countries outside the United States and in a number of
additional countries through agents, franchises and non-exclusive representatives. We are subject to certain customary risks inherent in carrying on business abroad, including the effect
of regulatory and legal restrictions imposed by foreign governments.
Environmental Matters
Our facilities and operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations in the various foreign, U.S., state and local jurisdictions in which we operate.
These requirements govern, among other things, discharges of pollutants into the air, water and land, the management and disposal of solid and hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of
contamination. Some of our operations require permits intended to prevent or reduce air and water pollution and these may be reviewed, modified or revoked by the issuing authorities.
We
actively monitor our compliance with environmental laws and regulations and management believes that we are presently in material compliance with all applicable requirements. For
example, underground storage tanks are monitored on a regular basis by company personnel and pressure-tested periodically by qualified third-party providers. The tanks have leak detection systems for
early leak detection. Compliance costs are included in our results of operations and are not material. We will continue to incur ongoing capital and operating expenses to maintain or achieve
compliance with applicable environmental requirements, upgrade existing equipment at our facilities as necessary and meet new regulatory requirements. While it is not possible to predict with
certainty future environmental compliance requirements, management believes that future expenditures relating to environmental compliance requirements will not materially adversely affect our
financial condition or results of operations.
We
have been, and in the future may be, responsible for investigating or remediating contamination at our facilities or at off-site locations to which we sent wastes for
disposal. For example, because we own or lease or have in the past owned or leased facilities at which underground storage tanks are located and operated, we are subject to regulations governing the
construction, operation and maintenance of underground storage tanks and for preventing or cleaning up releases from these tanks. We have incurred, and in the future may incur, costs related to our
investigation and cleanup of releases of materials from underground storage tanks, though such costs are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of
operations. Contaminants have been detected at certain of our present or former sites principally in connection with historical operations. We could incur significant costs if we were required to
investigate and remediate these sites.
We
have also been named as a potentially responsible party, or PRP, in two environmental cleanup proceedings brought under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or similar state statutes. Based on all known information, it is estimated that the cost to resolve liability at these sites would not be materially or significantly
larger than the reserves established. We could incur unanticipated costs, however, if additional contamination is found at these sites, or if we are named as a PRP in other proceedings.
79
Based
on our assessment of facts and circumstances now known, management believes it is unlikely that any identified matters, either individually or in aggregate, will have a material
adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. As conditions may exist on our properties related to environmental problems that are latent or as yet unknown, however,
there can be no assurance that we will not incur liabilities or costs, the amount and significance of which cannot be reliably estimated at this time.
Trademarks
We have registered the marks northAmerican®, Allied®, Home Touch!®, Worldtrac® and Relocation
Redefined® and have filed an application to register the mark SIRVA in the United States and have registered other of our material trademarks in various countries. We have not registered
our material trademarks in every country in which we do business. Generally, registered trademarks have perpetual life, provided that they are renewed on a timely basis and continue to be used
properly as trademarks. Other brand or product names used in this prospectus are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
We
have been highly active in seeking protection for numerous marks and logos relating to the "SIRVA", "northAmerican", "Allied", "Global" and "Pickfords" brands. We have actively
contested unauthorized use of the "northAmerican", "Global" and "Allied" marks. We have largely been successful, but in a few exceptional circumstances have tolerated some third-party use of similar
marks in transport-related commerce where we felt that there was no confusion by such use and no confusion was likely to occur in the future.
Our
business is not dependent to a material degree on patents, copyrights or trade secrets.