Use of Proceeds
The issuer trustee will apply all or substantially all of the net
proceeds from the sale of each series of notes under the Program for one or
more of the following purposes:
o to purchase the assets of the relevant trust;
o to repay indebtedness which has been incurred to obtain funds
to acquire the assets of the relevant trust; and
o to pay costs of structuring and issuing the notes, including
the costs of obtaining any credit enhancement.
Legal Aspects of the Mortgage Loans
The following discussion is a summary of the material legal aspects of
Australian mortgage loans and mortgages. It is not an exhaustive analysis of
the relevant law. Some of the legal aspects are governed by the laws of the
applicable State or Territory. Laws may differ between States and Territories.
The summary does not reflect the laws of any particular jurisdiction or cover
all relevant laws of all jurisdictions in which a mortgaged property may be
situated, although it reflects the material aspects of the laws of New South
Wales (except where it expressly provides otherwise), without referring to any
specific legislation of that state. In the event that the laws of a particular
jurisdiction having a high concentration of mortgaged properties are material
to prospective investors of a series of notes, the applicable laws of that
jurisdiction, to the extent material to investors and not addressed under this
"Legal Aspects of the Mortgage Loans", will be summarized in the prospectus
supplement for that series of notes.
60
General
There are two parties to a mortgage. The first party is the mortgagor,
who is either the borrower and homeowner or, where the relevant loan is
guaranteed and the guarantee is secured by a mortgage, the guarantor. The
mortgagor grants the mortgage over its property. The second party is the
mortgagee, who is the lender. Each mortgage loan securitized under the Program
will be secured by a mortgage which has either a first or second ranking
priority in respect of the mortgaged property over all other mortgages granted
by the relevant borrower or guarantor and over all unsecured creditors of the
borrower, except in respect of certain statutory rights such as some rates and
taxes, which are granted statutory priority. Each borrower under the mortgage
loans is prohibited under its loan documents from creating another mortgage or
other security interest over the relevant mortgaged property without the
consent of the seller of that mortgage loan or, where consent is not required
under the laws of a particular State or Territory, without entering into a
satisfactory priority agreement.
Types of Security
There are a number of different forms of title to land in Australia. The
most common form of title in Australia is "Torrens title."
Torrens title
"Torrens title" is freehold or leasehold title, interests in which are
created by registration in one or more central land registries of the relevant
State or Territory. Each parcel of land is represented by a specific
certificate of title. The original certificate is maintained by the registry,
and in most States and Territories a duplicate certificate is issued to the
owner. Pro forma instruments are used to register most dealings with the
relevant land.
Ordinarily the relevant certificate of title, or any registered plan
referred to in it, will reveal the position and dimensions of the land, the
present owner, and any leases, mortgages, registered easements and other
dealings to which it is subject. In some jurisdictions, leases of more than
three years are required to be registered. Otherwise, leases are generally not
registered. The certificate is conclusive evidence, except in limited
circumstances, such as fraud, of the matters stated in it.
Some Torrens title property securing mortgage loans and thus comprised in
the mortgaged property will be "strata title," "stratum title" or "residential
Crown leasehold."
Strata title and Stratum title
Strata title and Stratum title is a system of a title (under Torrens
title) under which land and the airspace above it is divided into a number of
units (similar to condominiums in the United States) and is governed by the
laws of the state or territory in which the property is situated. The
proprietor has title to a unit of that land and may freely deal with that
unit. Certain parts of the property, such as the land on which the building is
erected, the stairwells, entrance lobbies, are referred to as "common
property" and are held by a "owners corporation" or "service company" for the
benefit of the individual proprietors. All proprietors are members of the
owners corporation or service company, which is vested with the control,
management and
61
administration of the common property and the strata or stratum scheme
generally, including the regulations governing the apartment block, for the
benefit of the proprietors. In general, the owners corporation or service
company will have a charge, either registered or created by Statute, over the
units of its members to secure fees payable by the members or will have rights
enforceable against any assignee of a member. This charge, or those rights
payable as a matter of practice, will take priority over the mortgage securing
the mortgage loan.
Only Torrens title land can be the subject of strata or stratum title in
this way, and so the provisions referred to in this section in relation to
Torrens title apply to the title in an apartment unit held by a strata or
stratum proprietor.
Residential Crown Leasehold
All land in the Australian Capital Territory is owned by the Commonwealth
of Australia and is subject to a leasehold system of land title known as Crown
leasehold. Mortgaged residential property in that jurisdiction comprises a Crown
lease, and developments of the land are subject to the terms of that lease. A
Crown lease is any right, power or privilege over, or in connection with land,
granted by the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory or an authority of the
Commonwealth, a State or a Territory. The lease is granted under a statutory law
of the Commonwealth, State or Territory for a certain purpose.
Any lease of this type:
(1) cannot have a term exceeding 99 years, although the term can be
extended under a straightforward administrative process, whereby the
existing lease is surrendered and a new lease is granted for a term
not exceeding 99 years, unless the Commonwealth or the Australian
Capital Territory Government considers that the land is required for
a public purpose; and
(2) where it involves residential property, is subject to a nominal rent
of 5 cents (Australian) per annum on demand.
Crown leasehold land is held under Torrens title. The borrower's
leasehold interest in the land is entered in a central register and the
borrower may deal with its leasehold interest, including granting a mortgage
over the property, without consent from the government.
In all cases where mortgaged property consists of a leasehold interest,
the unexpired term of the lease must exceed the term of the mortgage loan
secured by that mortgaged property.
Leasehold property may become subject to native title claims. Native
title has only quite recently been recognized by Australian courts. Native
title to particular property is based on the traditional laws and customs of
indigenous Australians and is not necessarily extinguished by grants of Crown
leases over that property. The extent to which native title exists over
property, including property subject to a Crown lease, depends on how that
property was previously used by the indigenous claimants asserting native
title, and whether the native title has been extinguished by the granting of
the leasehold interest. To give statutory recognition to indigenous
Australians' common law rights and to resolve a number of land management
issues, the Commonwealth legislated the Native Title Act in 1993 of Australia,
and amended it in 1998. The
62
amended Native Title Act contains a schedule of tenures that extinguish
native title, which includes residential leases. Although there are a number of
test cases before the courts, the current view is that a lease entered into on
or before December 23, 1996 which confers the right of exclusive possession over
the property, which is typically the case with residential leases, will
extinguish native title over the relevant property. Whether a lease confers
exclusive possession will depend on a construction of the lease and the
legislation under which the lease was granted.
Old System Title
Old System Title is another form of freehold title. Here, interests are
created by deeds between parties, or by will. Proof of title involves searching
back for a number of years to establish an unbroken "chain" of title. The
documents which evidence this chain can include deeds of conveyance, deeds of
mortgage and testamentary wills. The courts and the legislative bodies
recognized the difficulties in tracing this chain of documents to the original
grant. The response of the courts was to allow ownership to be proven if a chain
of documents for an unbroken period of 60 years could be traced back to a
document, which provided a satisfactory documentary starting point. Australian
conveyancing laws have since shortened this unbroken period to 30 years. The
documents which prove this ownership are generally registered with the land
titles office of the relevant State or Territory. This registration process
assists in locating and identifying the chain of documents needed to prove
ownership of the land.
Company Title
Company title is an exclusive right conferred by a home unit company on a
shareholder to occupy a particular part of a building which the company owns.
The shareholder has a contractual right against the home unit company but does
not acquire ownership of that part of the building which he or she occupies
pursuant to the ownership of the shares.
Taking Security over Land
The law relating to the granting of securities over real property in
Australia is complicated by the fact that each State and Territory has
separate governing legislation. The following is a summary of the material
issues involved in taking security over land in Australia.
Under Torrens title, registration of a mortgage using the prescribed form
executed by the mortgagor is required in order for the mortgagee to obtain
both the remedies of a mortgagee granted by statute and the relevant
priorities against other secured creditors. To this extent, the mortgagee is
said to have a legal or registered title. However, registration does not
transfer title in the property, and the mortgagor remains as legal owner; in
short, the Torrens mortgage operates as a statutory charge. The mortgagee does
not obtain an estate in the property but does have an interest in the land
which is marked on the register and the certificate of title for the property.
A search of the register by any subsequent creditor or proposed creditor will
reveal the existence of the prior mortgage.
In most States and Territories, a mortgagee will retain a duplicate
certificate of title which mirrors the original certificate of title held at
the relevant land registry office. Although the certificate is not a document
of title as such, the procedure for replacement is sufficiently onerous to act
as a deterrent against most mortgagor fraud. Failure to retain the certificate
may in
63
certain circumstances constitute negligent conduct resulting in a
postponement of the mortgagee's priority to a later secured creditor.
In Queensland under the Land Title Act 1994 and the Northern Territory,
duplicate certificates of title are no longer issued to mortgagees as a matter
of practice. A record of the title is stored on computer at the land registry
office and the mortgage is registered on that computerized title.
Once the mortgagor has repaid his or her debt, a discharge executed by
the mortgagee is lodged with the relevant registrar by the mortgagor or the
mortgagee, and the mortgage is noted as having been released.
A mortgage under old system title does not operate as a statutory charge
but rather is a transfer of the mortgagor's interest in the land to the
mortgagee with a right to have that interest re-transferred to the mortgagor
upon repayment on the due date. Old system title land can only be legally
mortgaged by the execution of a deed which complies with the various
requirements of the conveyancing laws of the relevant State or Territory. All
mortgages acquired by any trust which relate to old system title land will be
secured by a legal mortgage and will be documented by way of a deed of mortgage.
A lender may also take a second ranking mortgage over real property in
Australia. This discussion assumes that each of the first and second ranking
mortgages are registered with the relevant land titles office.
The consent of the holder of the first ranking mortgage is generally
required for the granting of a second ranking mortgage and a priority
agreement may be entered into between the mortgagees. The priority agreement
will generally regulate the enforcement and sale process in respect of the
related property and the application of the sale proceeds between the first
and second ranking mortgages.
If no such priority agreement is entered into, then the holder of a
second ranking mortgage may commence the enforcement and sale process in
respect of the related property, without the consent or control of the holder
of the first ranking mortgage, but upon the sale of the related property will
be required to obtain the release of the first ranking mortgage from the
related property, by payment of all amounts secured to the first mortgage.
Equally, the holder of the first ranking mortgage may take these actions and
is required only to account to the holder of a second ranking mortgage for any
sale proceeds that exceed the amount due to the holder of the first ranking
mortgage.
In each case, the sale proceeds are generally applied first towards
repayment of all amounts due to the holder of the first ranking mortgage. The
holder of the second ranking mortgage is entitled to the sale proceeds only to
the extent that all amounts due to the holder of the first ranking mortgage
have been paid in full.
64
Enforcement of Registered Mortgages
Enforcement Generally
The law relating to the enforcement of registered mortgages over real
properties in Australia is complicated by the fact that each State or
Territory has separate governing legislation. The following is a summary of
the material issues involved in enforcing registered mortgages in Australia.
Subject to the discussion in this section, if a borrower defaults under a
mortgage loan, the loan documents provide that all moneys under the mortgage
loan become due and payable either, in limited circumstances, immediately, or
otherwise after a default notice has been given and the default has not been
remedied within a prescribed period of time (generally at least 30 days). The
lender then has a number of remedies, including the right to sue to recover
all outstanding principal, interest and fees under the borrower's personal
covenant to repay the amounts set out in the loan documents.
In addition, the lender may enforce a registered mortgage in a number of
ways. They include:
o selling the property: This power of sale is usually expressly
contained in the mortgage documents, and is also implied in
registered mortgages under the relevant Torrens title
legislation. The Torrens title legislation prescribes certain
forms and periods of notice to be given to the mortgagor prior
to enforcement. The mortgagee is under certain duties in the
conduct of the sale. The sale may be by public auction or
private treaty. Once registered, the purchaser of property sold
pursuant to a mortgagee's power of sale becomes the absolute
owner of the property;
o leasing the property. The lender may, in limited circumstances,
lease the property to third parties;
o entering into possession of the property. If it does so, it
does so in its own right and not as agent of the mortgagor, and
so may be personally liable for mismanagement of the property
and to third parties as occupier of the property. The mortgagee
may apply rent or profits received from the possession of the
property in satisfaction of the amount owing in respect of the
mortgage loan and the related mortgage or it may sell the
property. Upon taking possession, the mortgagee has a number of
duties including the duty to account, to realize assets
conscientiously, to get in rents and other income, to improve
the property and make repairs, and to maintain the security for
the benefit of the guarantor (if any);
o foreclosing on the property. Under foreclosure procedures, the
mortgagor's right, title and interest in the property is
extinguished (including any right to redeem the mortgage) so
that the mortgagee becomes the absolute owner of the property.
This remedy is, because of procedural constraints, rarely used
except where the value of the loan outstanding is higher than
the value of the property likely to be realized by the sale. In
such a case the mortgagee may then consider it worthwhile to
take title to the property in satisfaction of the debt and wait
for the market to improve to recoup
65
the outstanding loan. However, if the mortgagee forecloses on
the property, it loses the right to sue the borrower under the
personal covenant to repay and can look only to the value of the
property for satisfaction of the debt. This enforcement option
is rarely, if ever, used in the case of Australian residential
mortgage loans;
o appointing a receiver to deal with the property or with income
from the property or exercise other rights delegated to the
receiver by the mortgagee. A receiver will generally manage and
administer the property in the interests of the mortgagee in
order to preserve the mortgagee's security and set off the
income from the property against payments due under the
mortgage loan and the related mortgage. A receiver is the agent
of the mortgagor and so, unlike when the mortgagee enters
possession of property, in theory the mortgagee is not liable
for the receiver's acts or as occupier of the property. In
practice, however, the receiver will require indemnities from
the mortgagee that appoints it; or
o obtaining an order for judicial sale under an application to
the relevant Court. This remedy is rarely used, as most
mortgage documents now contain express provisions allowing the
mortgagee to sell the property, or the mortgagee has the power
to do so under the relevant Torrens title legislation. It is
likely to only be used where the mortgage document does not
itself confer the requisite power to sell the property, such as
where an equitable mortgage over land is created by the deposit
of title deeds.
A mortgagee's ability to call in all amounts under a mortgage loan or
enforce a mortgage which is subject to the Australian Consumer Credit Code is
limited by various demand and notice procedures which must be followed. For
example, as a general rule enforcement cannot occur unless the relevant
default is not remedied within 30 days after a default notice is given.
Borrowers may also be entitled to initiate negotiations with the mortgagee for
a postponement of enforcement proceedings.
Penalties and Prohibited Fees
Australian courts will not enforce a borrower's obligation to pay
interest on a default or delinquent payment if the interest rate charged on
default is seen to be a "penalty." Some jurisdictions prescribe a maximum
recoverable interest rate. However, most do not specify what is a penalty; in
those circumstances, whether a rate is a penalty will be determined by such
factors as prevailing market interest rates. The Australian Consumer Credit
Code does not impose a limit on the rate of default interest. However,
legislation in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western
Australia, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory
prevents a lender from recovering interest under a consumer loan at a rate
that exceeds 48% per annum while in Victoria, a mortgage is void if the
interest rate under the relevant loan exceeds 30% and the loan contract itself
is unenforceable if the interest rate exceeds 48% per annum. In addition,
throughout Australia, if a rate is too high, the borrower may be entitled to
have the loan agreement reopened on the ground that it is unjust. Under the
Corporations Act of the relevant Australian jurisdiction, the liquidator of a
company may avoid a loan under which an extortionate interest rate is levied.
66
The Australian Consumer Credit Code requires that any fee or charge to be
levied in connection with the mortgage loan must be authorized, and sometimes
specified in the contract, otherwise it cannot be levied. The regulations
under the Australian Consumer Credit Code may also prohibit certain fees and
charges. The Australian Consumer Credit Code also requires that establishment
fees, termination fees and prepayment fees be reasonable, or they may be
reduced or set aside.
Bankruptcy and Insolvency
The insolvency of a natural person is governed by the provisions of the
Bankruptcy Act 1966 of Australia, which is a Federal statute. Generally,
secured creditors of a natural person, such as mortgagees under real property
mortgages, stand outside the bankruptcy. That is, the property of the bankrupt
which is available for distribution by the trustee in bankruptcy does not
include the secured property. The secured creditor may prove, or file a claim,
in the bankruptcy proceeding as an unsecured creditor in a number of
circumstances, including if they have realized the related mortgaged property
and their debt has not been fully repaid, in which case they can prove for the
unpaid balance.
Certain dispositions of property by a bankrupt may be avoided by a
trustee in bankruptcy. These include where:
(a) the disposition was made to defraud creditors; or
(b) the disposition was made by an insolvent debtor within 6 months
of the petition for bankruptcy and that disposition gave a
preference to an existing creditor over at least one other
creditor.
The insolvency of a company is governed by the Corporations Act of the
relevant Australian jurisdiction. Again, secured creditors generally stand
outside the insolvency. However, a liquidator may avoid a mortgage which is
voidable under the Corporations Act because it is an uncommercial transaction,
or an unfair preference to a creditor or a transaction for the purpose of
defeating creditors, and that transaction occurred:
(a) when the company was insolvent, or an act was done to give
effect to the transaction when the company was insolvent, or
the company became insolvent because of the transaction or the
doing of an act to give effect to the transaction; and
(b) within a prescribed period before the winding up of the
company.
The liquidator may also avoid a loan under which an extortionate interest
rate is levied.
Environmental Considerations
Real property which is mortgaged to a lender may be subject to unforeseen
environmental problems, including land contamination. Environmental
legislation which deals with liability for such problems exists at both State
and Federal levels, although the majority of relevant legislation is imposed
by the States. No Australian statute expressly imposes liability on
67
"passive" lenders or security holders for environmental matters, and some
States expressly exclude such liability. However, liability in respect of
environmentally damaged land, including the cost of rectifying the damage, may
attach to a person who is, for instance, an owner, occupier or person in control
of the relevant property. In some but not all States, lenders are expressly
excluded from the definitions of one or more of these categories.
Merely holding security over property does not convert a lender into an
occupier. However, a lender or receiver who takes possession of contaminated
mortgaged property or otherwise enforces its security may be liable as an
occupier.
Some environmental legislation provides that security interests may be
created over contaminated or other affected property to secure payment of the
costs of any necessary rectification of the property. The security interests
may have priority over pre-existing mortgages.
To the extent that the issuer trustee or a receiver appointed on the
issuer trustee's behalf incurs any of these liabilities, it will be entitled
to be indemnified out of the assets of the trust.
Tax Treatment of Interest on Australian Mortgage Loans
Under Australian law, interest on loans used to purchase a person's
primary place of residence is not ordinarily deductible for taxation purposes.
Conversely, interest payments on loans and other non-capital expenditures
relating to non-owner occupied residential properties that generate taxable
income are generally allowable as tax deductions.
The Seller as Mortgagee
The Seller is, and until a Title Perfection Event occurs intends to
remain, the registered mortgagee of all the mortgages. The borrowers and
guarantors will not be aware of the equitable assignment of the mortgage loans
and mortgages to the issuer trustee.
Prior to any Title Perfection Event, the Servicer will undertake any
necessary enforcement action with respect to defaulted mortgage loans and
mortgages. Following a Title Perfection Event, the issuer trustee is entitled,
under an irrevocable power of attorney granted to the issuer trustee by the
Seller, to be registered as mortgagee of the mortgages. Until that
registration is achieved, the issuer trustee or the Trust Manager is entitled,
but not obligated, to lodge caveats on the register to publicly notify its
interest in the mortgages.
Insolvency Considerations
Each equitable assignment of the mortgage loans is designed to mitigate
insolvency risk. For example, the equitable assignment of the mortgage loans
by the Seller to the issuer trustee, should ensure that the mortgage loans are
not assets available to the liquidator or creditors of the Seller in the event
of the Seller's insolvency. Similarly, the assets in the trust should not be
available to creditors of the issuer trustee in its personal capacity or as
trustee of any other trust in the event of an insolvency of the issuer
trustee.
68
If an Insolvency Event occurs with respect to the issuer trustee, the
Master Security Trust Deed and the deed of charge may be enforced by the
security trustee at the direction of the Voting Secured Creditors. The
security created by the Master Security Trust Deed and the related deed of
charge in respect of a trust will stand outside any liquidation of the issuer
trustee of the relevant trust, and the assets the subject of that deed of
charge will not be available to the liquidator or any creditor of the issuer
trustee of the relevant trust, other than a creditor which has the benefit of
the Master Security Trust Deed and the related deed of charge in respect of a
trust, until the secured obligations have been satisfied. The proceeds of
enforcement of the Master Security Trust Deed and the related deed of charge
in respect of a trust are to be applied by the security trustee as set out in
the supplemental deed for the relevant trust. If the proceeds from enforcement
of the Master Security Trust Deed and the related deed of charge are not
sufficient to redeem the notes in full, some or all of the noteholders will
incur a loss.
Australian Consumer Credit Code
The Australian Consumer Credit Code is the substantially identical
governing legislation of each State or Territory in Australia. The following is
a summary of certain of the material provisions of the Australian Consumer
Credit Code that may affect the mortgage loans and the issuer trustee. The
majority of the mortgage loans located in Australia are regulated by the
Australian Consumer Credit Code. Mortgage loans which are unregulated by the
Australian Consumer Credit Code are unregulated by Australian statute. Under the
Australian Consumer Credit Code, a borrower has the right to apply to a court to
do the following, among other things:
(a) vary the terms of a mortgage loan on the grounds of hardship or
because it is an unjust contract (guarantees and mortgages can
also be varied on grounds that they are unjust);
(b) reduce or cancel any interest rate payable on a mortgage loan
if the interest rate is changed in a way which is
unconscionable;
(c) have certain provisions of a mortgage loan which are in breach
of the Australian Consumer Credit Code declared unenforceable;
(d) obtain an order for a civil penalty against the lender in
relation to a breach of certain key requirements of the
Australian Consumer Credit Code, the amount of which may be set
off against any amount payable by the borrower under the
applicable mortgage loan; or
(e) obtain additional restitution or compensation from the lender
for breaches of the Australian Consumer Credit Code in relation
to a mortgage loan or mortgage (guarantors may also obtain
restitution or compensation for breaches of the Australian
Consumer Credit Code in relation to mortgages or guarantees).
The issuer trustee will become liable for compliance with the Australian
Consumer Credit Code if it acquires legal title to the mortgage loans. It will
take this legal title subject to any breaches of the Australian Consumer
Credit Code by the relevant lender. In particular, once the issuer trustee
acquires legal title it may become liable to orders of the type referred to in
(d) and
69
(e) above in relation to breaches of the Australian Consumer Credit
Code. Criminal fines may be imposed on the Seller in respect of breaches of
the Australian Consumer Credit Code by it while it held legal title to the
mortgage loans. In addition, a mortgagee's ability to enforce a mortgage which
is subject to the Australian Consumer Credit Code is limited by various demand
and notice procedures which must be followed. Any order under the Australian
Consumer Credit Code may affect the timing or amount of interest or principal
payments or repayments under the relevant mortgage loan, which might in turn
affect the timing or amount of interest or principal payments or repayments to
the noteholders under the notes in respect of a trust. For example, as a
general rule enforcement cannot occur unless the relevant default is not
remedied within 30 days after a default notice is given. Borrowers may also be
entitled to initiate negotiations with the mortgagee for a postponement of
enforcement proceedings.
The Seller will indemnify the issuer trustee against any loss that the
issuer trustee may incur as a result of a failure by the relevant Seller to
comply with the Australian Consumer Credit Code in respect of a mortgage loan
or related mortgage.
The Seller will give certain representations and warranties that the
mortgage loans and related mortgagees which it assigns to the issuer trustee
comply in all material respects with the Australian Consumer Credit Code in
force at the time documents were executed. The Servicer of the relevant trust
will undertake to comply with the Australian Consumer Credit Code in connection
with servicing the mortgage loans and related mortgages where failure to do so
would result in an event which will materially and adversely affect the amount
of any payment to be made to any noteholder of a trust, or will materially and
adversely affect the timing of such payment. In some circumstances, the issuer
trustee of a trust may have the right to claim damages from the Seller or the
Servicer, as the case may be, where that issuer trustee suffers a loss in
connection with a breach of the Australian Consumer Credit Code which is caused
by a breach of a relevant representation or undertaking.
Material United States Federal Income Tax Matters
Overview
The following is a summary of the material United States federal income
tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes of
any series or class by investors who are subject to United States federal
income tax on a net basis. This summary is based upon current provisions of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 of the United States (the "Code"), as
amended, proposed, temporary and final Treasury regulations under the Code,
and published rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change,
possibly retroactively, or to a different interpretation at a later date by a
court or by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). The parts of this
summary which relate to matters of law or legal conclusions represent the
opinion of Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP, special United States federal
income tax counsel for the Trust Manager and are as qualified in this summary.
We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the IRS about any of the
United States federal income tax consequences we discuss, and we cannot assure
you that the IRS will not take contrary positions.
70
Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP has prepared or reviewed the statements
under the heading "Material United States Federal Income Tax Matters" and is
of the opinion that these statements discuss all material United States
federal income tax consequences to investors generally of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of the notes. However, the following discussion does
not discuss, and Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP is unable to opine as to, the
unique tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the
notes by investors that are given special treatment under the United States
federal income tax laws, including:
o banks and thrifts;
o insurance companies;
o regulated investment companies;
o dealers in securities;
o investors that will hold the notes as a position in a
"straddle" for tax purposes or as a part of a "synthetic
security," "conversion transaction" or other integrated
investment comprised of the notes and one or more other
investments;
o foreign investors except as specifically set forth below;
o trusts and estates; and
o pass-through entities, the equity holders of which are any of
the foregoing.
Additionally, the discussion regarding the notes is limited to the United
States federal income tax consequences to the initial investors and not to a
purchaser in the secondary market and is limited to investors who will hold
the notes as "capital assets" within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.
It is suggested that prospective investors consult their own tax advisors
about the United States federal, state, local, foreign and any other tax
consequences specific to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of
the notes, including the advisability of making any election discussed under
"--Market Discount."
The issuer trustee will be reimbursed for any United States federal
income taxes imposed on it in its capacity as trustee of a trust out of the
assets of such trust and any imposition of such taxes on the trust could
result in a reduction in the amounts available for distributions to the
holders of notes. Based on the representation of the Trust Manger that the
trust does not and will not have an office in the United States, the trust
does not and will not avail itself of the office of an agent in the United
States, and the trust its not conducting, and will not conduct, either
directly or through an agent, any activities in the United States, other than
in connection with its issuance of the notes, the issuer trustee will not be
subject to entity-level United States federal income tax solely as a result of
any activities that it conducts in its capacity as issuer trustee of the
trust, and the trust will not be subject to any entity-level tax for United
States federal income tax purposes.
71
Although there is no authority directly on point, the Offered Notes will
be characterized as debt for United States federal income tax purposes. We
will agree, and if you purchase notes of any class or series, you will agree
by your purchase of the notes, to treat the notes as indebtedness for United
States federal, state and local income and franchise tax purposes. Each
noteholder, by the acceptance of a note, will agree to treat the notes as
indebtedness for federal income tax purposes.
Original Issue Discount, Indexed Securities, etc.
Under Treasury regulations, called the "OID Regulations", a note will be
considered issued with original issue discount ("OID") if its "stated
redemption price at maturity" exceeds its "issue price" (i.e., the price at
which a substantial portion of the notes is first sold (not including sales to
the underwriters). In general, a note's "stated redemption price at maturity"
is the sum of all payments to be made on the note other than payments of
"qualified stated interest". Further, if the notes have any original issue
discount, it will be de minimis if it is less than 1/4% of the principal
amount of the offered notes multiplied by the number of full years included in
their term.
Interest Income on the Notes
Except as discussed below, you will be required to report as ordinary
interest income the stated interest and OID, if any, on the notes that you hold
in accordance with your method of tax accounting. Under the OID Regulations, if
you hold a note issued with a de minimis amount of OID, you must include this
OID in income, on a pro rata basis, as principal payments are made on the note.
If you purchase a note for more or less than its principal amount, you will
generally be subject, respectively, to the premium amortization or market
discount rules of the Code, discussed below.
Sale of Notes
If you sell a note, you will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to
the difference between the amount realized on the sale, other than amounts
attributable to, and taxable as, accrued interest, and your adjusted tax basis
in the note. Your adjusted tax basis in a note will equal your cost for the
note, decreased by any amortized premium and any payments other than interest
made on the note and increased by any market discount or OID included in your
income. Any gain or loss will generally be a capital gain or loss, other than
amounts representing accrued interest or market discount, and will be
long-term capital gain or loss if the note was held as a capital asset for
more than one year. In the case of an individual taxpayer, the maximum
long-term capital gains tax rate is lower than the maximum ordinary income tax
rate. Any capital losses realized may be deducted by a corporate taxpayer only
to the extent of capital gains and by an individual taxpayer only to the
extent of capital gains plus U.S. $3,000 of other United States income.
Market Discount
You will be considered to have acquired a note at a "market discount" to
the extent the remaining principal amount of the note exceeds the amount you
paid for the note, unless the excess does not exceed a prescribed de minimis
72
amount. If the excess exceeds the de minimis amount, you will be subject to
the market discount rules of Sections 1276 and 1278 of the Code with regard to
the note.
In the case of a sale or other disposition of a note subject to the
market discount rules, Section 1276 of the Code requires that gain, if any,
from the sale or disposition be treated as ordinary income to the extent the
gain represents market discount accrued during the period the note was held by
you, reduced by the amount of accrued market discount previously included in
income.
In the case of a partial principal payment of a note subject to the
market discount rules, Section 1276 of the Code requires that the payment be
included in ordinary income to the extent the payment does not exceed the
market discount accrued during the period the note was held by you, reduced by
the amount of accrued market discount previously included in income.
Generally, market discount accrues under a straight line method, or, at the
election of the taxpayer, under a constant interest rate method. However, in the
case of bonds with principal payable in two or more installments, such as the
notes, the manner in which market discount is to be accrued will be described in
Treasury regulations not yet issued. Until these Treasury regulations are
issued, you should follow the explanatory Conference Committee Report to the Tax
Reform Act of 1986 for your accrual of market discount. This Conference
Committee Report indicates that holders of these obligations may elect to accrue
market discount either on the basis of a constant interest rate or as follows:
o for those obligations that have OID, market discount shall be
deemed to accrue in proportion to the accrual of OID for any
accrual period; and
o for those obligations which do not have OID, the amount of
market discount that is deemed to accrue is the amount of
market discount that bears the same ratio to the total amount
of remaining market discount that the amount of stated interest
paid in the interest period bears to the total amount of stated
interest remaining to be paid on the obligation at the
beginning of the interest period.
Under Section 1277 of the Code, if you incur or continue debt that is
used to purchase a note subject to the market discount rules, and the interest
paid or accrued on this debt in any taxable year exceeds the interest and OID
currently includible in income on the note, deduction of this excess interest
must be deferred to the extent of the market discount allocable to the taxable
year. The deferred portion of any interest expense will generally be
deductible when the market discount is included in income upon the sale,
repayment, or other disposition of the indebtedness.
Section 1278 of the Code allows a taxpayer to make an election to include
market discount in gross income currently. If an election is made, the
previously described rules of Sections 1276 and 1277 of the Code will not
apply to the taxpayer.
Due to the complexity of the market discount rules, we suggest that you
consult your tax advisors as to the applicability and operation of these
rules.
73
Premium
You will generally be considered to have acquired a note at a premium if
your tax basis in the note exceeds the remaining principal amount of the note.
In that event, if you hold a note as a capital asset, you may amortize the
premium as an offset to interest income under Section 171 of the Code, with
corresponding reductions in your tax basis in the note if you have made an
election under Section 171 of the Code. Generally, any amortization is on a
constant yield basis. However, in the case of bonds with principal payable in
two or more installments, like the notes, the previously discussed conference
report, which indicates a Congressional intent that amortization be in
accordance with the rules that will apply to the accrual of market discount on
these obligations should be followed for amortization of such premium. We
suggest that you consult your tax advisors as to the applicability and
operation of the rules regarding amortization of premium.
Backup Withholding Taxes
Backup withholding taxes will be imposed on payments to you at the rate of
28%, for payments made during the year 2003 through 2010, on interest paid, and
OID accrued, if any, on the notes if, upon issuance, you fail to supply the
Trust Manager or its broker with a certified statement, under penalties of
perjury, containing your name, address, correct taxpayer identification number,
and a statement that you are not required to pay backup withholding. For
payments of such amounts made after 2010, the backup withholding rate will be
increased to 31%. Exempt investors, such as corporations, tax-exempt
organizations, qualified pension and profit sharing trusts, individual
retirement accounts or non-resident aliens who provide certification of their
status as non-resident are not subject to backup withholding. Information
returns will be sent annually to the IRS by the Trust Manager and to you stating
the amount of interest paid, OID accrued, if any, and the amount of tax withheld
from payments on the notes. We suggest that you consult your tax advisors about
your eligibility for, and the procedure for obtaining, exemption from backup
withholding.
A foreign investor generally will be exempt from backup withholding and
information reporting requirements, assuming payments on the notes are
otherwise exempt from United States federal income tax, provided that such
foreign investor complies with certain certification and identification
procedures in order to prove its exemption. In order for a foreign investor to
prove its exemption, such foreign investor should submit the appropriate
Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN, or other similar form attesting to such
foreign investor's foreign status. We suggest that you consult your tax
advisors about your eligibility for, and the procedure for obtaining, such an
exemption.
Material Australian Tax Consequences
Australian Taxation
The following is a summary of the material Australian tax consequences of
the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes to holders who are not
residents of Australia for Australian tax purposes and who purchase notes upon
original issuance at the stated offering price and hold the notes as capital
assets and of the taxation of each trust under the Program.
74
The statements of law or legal conclusions in this summary represent the
opinion of Mallesons Stephen Jaques, Australian tax counsel to the Trust
Manager, on the basis of Australian law as in effect on the date of this
prospectus, which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Each prospective investor may wish to consult his or her own tax advisors
concerning the tax consequences, in their particular circumstances, of the
purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes.
Interest Withholding Tax
An exemption from Australian interest withholding tax ("IWT") imposed
under Division 11A of Part III of the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1936
("Australian Tax Act") is available, in respect of the notes issued by the
issuer trustee, under section 128F of the Australian Tax Act if the following
conditions are met:
(a) the issuer trustee is a company as defined in section 128F(9)
(which includes certain trusts) and is either a resident of
Australia or a non-resident carrying on business at or through
a permanent establishment in Australia when it issues those
notes and when interest (as defined in section 128A(1AB) of the
Australian Tax Act) is paid. Interest is defined to include
amounts in the nature of, or in substitution for, interest and
certain other amounts;
(b) those notes are issued in a manner which satisfies the public
offer test. There are five principal methods of satisfying the
public offer test, the purpose of which is to ensure that
lenders in capital markets are aware that the issuer trustee is
offering those notes for issue. In summary, the five methods
are:
o offers to 10 or more unrelated financiers or securities
dealers;
o offers to 100 or more investors;
o offers of listed notes;
o offers via publicly available information sources; and
o offers to a dealer, manager or underwriter who offers to
sell those notes within 30 days by one of the preceding
methods.
In addition, the issue of any of those notes (whether in global
form or otherwise) and the offering of interests in any of
those notes by one of these methods should satisfy the public
offer test;
(c) the issuer trustee does not know, or have reasonable grounds to
suspect, at the time of issue, that those notes or interests in
those notes were being, or would
75
later be, acquired, directly or indirectly, by an "associate"
of the issuer trustee, except as permitted by section 128F(5)
of the Australian Tax Act; and
(d) at the time of the payment of interest, the issuer trustee does
not know, or have reasonable grounds to suspect, that the payee
is an "associate" of the issuer trustee, except as permitted by
section 128F(6) of the Australian Tax Act.
Associates
An "associate" of the issuer trustee for the purposes of section 128F of
the Australian Tax Act includes (i) a person or entity which holds more than
50% of the voting shares of, or otherwise controls, the issuer trustee, (ii)
an entity in which more than 50% of the voting shares are held by, or which is
otherwise controlled by, the issuer trustee, (iii) a trustee of a trust where
the issuer trustee is capable of benefiting (whether directly or indirectly)
under that trust, and (iv) a person or entity who is an "associate" of another
person or company which is an "associate" of the issuer trustee under any of
the foregoing.
Where, as in this case, the issuer trustee is a trustee of a trust, the
entities that are associates of the issuer trustee for the purposes of section
128F of the Australian Tax Act also include:
o any entity that benefits, or is capable of benefiting, under
the trust ("Beneficiary"), either directly or through any
interposed entities; and
o any entity that is an associate of a Beneficiary. An associate
of a Beneficiary for these purposes includes an entity which
would be an associate of the Beneficiary on the basis set out
in the preceding paragraph.
However, for the purposes of sections 128F(5) and (6) of the Australian
Tax Act (see paragraphs (c) and (d) above), "associate" does not include:
(A) onshore associates (that is, Australian resident associates who
do not hold the notes in the course of carrying on business at
or through a permanent establishment outside Australia and
non-resident associates who hold the notes in the course of
carrying on business at or through a permanent establishment in
Australia); or
(B) offshore associates (that is, Australian resident associates
that hold the notes in the course of carrying on business at or
through a permanent establishment outside Australia and
non-resident associates who do not hold the notes in the course
of carrying on business through a permanent establishment in
Australia) who are acting in the capacity of:
(i) in the case of section 128F(5), a dealer, manager or
underwriter in relation to the placement of the relevant
notes, a clearing house, custodian, funds manager or
responsible entity of a registered managed investment
scheme; or
76
(ii) in the case of section 128F(6), a clearing house, paying
agent, custodian, funds manager, responsible entity of a
registered managed investment scheme.
Compliance with section 128F of the Australian Tax Act
Unless otherwise specified in any relevant prospectus supplement, the
issuer trustee intends to issue the notes in a manner which will satisfy the
requirements of section 128F of the Australian Tax Act.
US and UK resident noteholders
The Australian government has signed a number of new or amended double
tax conventions ("New Treaties") with the Specified Countries. The New
Treaties apply to interest derived by a resident of a Specified Country.
The New Treaties generally prevent IWT from applying to interest derived
by:
o governments of the Specified Countries and certain governmental
authorities and agencies in a Specified Country; and
o certain unrelated financial institutions resident in a Specified
Country which substantially derive their profits by carrying on
a business of raising and providing finance.
Under the New Treaties, back-to-back loans and economically equivalent
arrangements generally will be subject to the 10% IWT rate and the anti-
avoidance provisions in the Australian Tax Act can apply.
Specified Countries means the United States and the United Kingdom. The
New Treaty for the United States applies to any interest paid on or after
July 1, 2003. The New Treaty for the United Kingdom will apply to interest
paid on or after July 1, 2004.
Payment of additional amounts
Despite the fact that the notes are intended to be issued in a manner
which will satisfy the requirements of section 128F of the Australian Tax Act
and unless expressly provided to the contrary in any relevant prospectus
supplement, if the issuer trustee is at any time compelled or authorized by
law to deduct or withhold an amount in respect of any Australian withholding
taxes imposed or levied by the Commonwealth of Australia in respect of the
notes, the issuer trustee will deduct that amount (and remit it to the
relevant authorities) and is not obliged to pay any additional amounts in
respect of such deduction or withholding.
Other Tax Matters
Subject to the discussion under the heading "Recent Developments" below,
under Australian laws as presently in effect:
77
(a) income tax - assuming the requirements of section 128F of the
Australian Tax Act are satisfied with respect to the notes,
payment of principal and interest (as defined in section
128A(1AB) of the Australian Tax Act) to a holder of the notes,
who is a non-resident of Australia and who, during the taxable
year, does not hold the notes in the course of carrying on
business at or through a permanent establishment in Australia,
will not be subject to Australian income taxes; and
(b) gains on disposal of notes - a holder of the notes, who is a
non-resident of Australia and who, during the taxable year,
does not hold the notes in the course of carrying on business
at or through a permanent establishment in Australia, will not
be subject to Australian income or capital gains tax on gains
realized during that year on sale or redemption of the notes,
provided such gains do not have an Australian source. A gain
arising on the sale of notes by a non-Australian resident
holder to another non-Australian resident where the notes are
sold outside Australia and all negotiations are conducted, and
documentation executed, outside Australia would not be regarded
as having an Australian source; and
(c) death duties - no notes will be subject to death, estate or
succession duties imposed by Australia, or by any political
subdivision or authority therein having power to tax, if held
at the time of death; and
(d) stamp duty and other taxes - no ad valorem stamp, issue,
registration or similar taxes are payable in Australia on the
issue or transfer of any notes; and
(e) other withholding taxes on payments in respect of notes -
section 12-140 of the Taxation Administration Act 1953 of
Australia ("Taxation Administration Act") imposes a type of
withholding tax at the rate of (currently) 48.5% on the payment
of interest on certain registered securities unless the
relevant payee has quoted an Australian tax file number
("TFN"), (in certain circumstances) an Australian
Business Number ("ABN") or proof of some other exception (as
appropriate). Assuming the requirements of section 128F of the
Australian Tax Act are satisfied with respect to the notes,
then the requirements of section 12-140 do not apply to
payments to a holder of notes in registered form who is not a
resident of Australia and not holding those notes in the course
of carrying on business at or through a permanent establishment
in Australia. Payments to other classes of holders of notes in
registered form may be subject to a withholding where the
holder of those notes does not quote a TFN, ABN or provide
proof of an appropriate exemption (as appropriate);
(f) supply withholding tax - payments in respect of the notes can
be made free and clear of the "supply withholding tax" imposed
under section 12-190 of the Taxation Administration Act;
(g) goods and services tax ("GST") - neither the issue nor receipt
of the notes will give rise to a liability for GST in Australia
on the basis that the supply of notes will comprise either an
input taxed financial supply or (in the case of an offshore
78
subscriber) a GST-free supply. Furthermore, neither the
payment of principal or interest by the issuer trustee, nor the
disposal of the notes, would give rise to any GST liability in
Australia; and
(h) debt/equity rules - Division 974 of the Australian Tax Act
("Division 974"), which applies from July 1, 2001, contains
tests for characterizing debt (for all entities) and equity (for
companies) for Australian tax purposes, including for the
purposes of dividend withholding tax and IWT. The issuer trustee
intends to issue notes which are not to be characterized as
"equity interests" for the purposes of the tests contained in
Division 974 and the returns paid on the notes are to be
"interest" for the purpose of section 128F of the Australian
Tax Act. Accordingly, Division 974 is unlikely to affect the
Australian tax treatment of holders of notes.
Recent developments
Thin capitalisation
The thin capitalisation rules are contained in Division 820 of the
Australian Tax Act. These rules deal with Australian resident groups and other
Australian resident entities with overseas operations, where the relevant
Australian resident entities are deemed to have excessive debt.
If the thin capitalisation rules adversely apply to a trust, a certain
proportion of the debt deductions (including the interest) paid by the issuer
trustee under the notes will be denied from being deductible.
Under section 820-39 of the Australian Tax Act (introduced by Taxation
Laws Amendment Act (No. 5) 2003), certain bona fide securitization vehicles
being exempt from the thin capitalisation rules. The exemption applies with
retrospective effect from July 1, 2001. An entity will come within the
proposed exemption where the following conditions are met:
(a) the entity is established for the purpose of managing some or
all of the economic risk associated with assets, liabilities or
investments (whether the entity assumes the risk from another
entity or creates the risk itself);
(b) at least 50% of the entity's assets are funded by debt
interests; and
(c) the entity is an insolvency remote special purpose entity
according to the criteria of an internationally recognized
rating agency applicable to the entity's circumstances.
Each trust under the Program is expected to satisfy the above conditions
(and thus be exempt from the thin capitalisation rules). In particular, if the
notes are rated, then a trust should satisfy condition (c) above.
In any event, if a trust did not satisfy the above conditions and the
thin capitalisation rules adversely applied to it, the tax payable (as a
consequence of the denial of debt deductions)
79
should not be borne by the issuer trustee (but rather by the person which is
the Residual Income Unitholder of the trust).
Tax consolidation rules
New rules establishing a system of tax consolidation of groups of
companies and trusts have been enacted. The new rules take effect generally as
from July 1, 2002, subject to certain elections being made (and various
transitional arrangements).
Under the new rules, a trust should qualify as a wholly owned subsidiary
of the National which holds the Residual Income Unit and the Residual Capital
Unit in each trust. A trust may therefore become part of the same consolidated
group as the National, depending on whether an election to consolidate is
made. It is expected that the National group would not choose to consolidate
until it was clear that to do so would not have any adverse consequences on a
trust's ability to service interest and principal payments on the notes. Under
consolidation, the transactions entered into by the members of the group are
effectively ignored for income tax purposes and attributed to the head company
(which would be the National). The head company has the liability to pay the
income tax of the group. However, if it defaults there is, prima facie, joint
and several liability on all group members (including a trust) to pay that
tax. That joint and several liability can be avoided by allocating the
defaulted tax obligation to the group members on a reasonable basis under a
tax sharing agreement ("TSA"). It is expected, but cannot yet be confirmed,
that upon consolidation of the National group, a TSA would be entered into
that confirmed a nil allocation of the group's tax to the issuer trustee (and
a reasonable amount to the National). If that was not possible, it is expected
that steps would be taken to deconsolidate each trust from the National group.
Additional withholdings from certain payments to non-residents
Section 12-315 of the Taxation Administration Act (introduced by the
Taxation Laws Amendment Act (No. 4) 2003) gives the Governor-General power to
make regulations requiring withholding from certain payments to non-residents
after July 1, 2003. No draft regulations have yet been released, so it is not
possible to determine what types of payments would be caught by the new rules
nor the rate of withholding. However, section 12-315 expressly provides that the
regulations will not apply to interest and other payments which are treated as
interest under the current IWT rules. Further, regulations may only be made if
the responsible minister is satisfied the specified payments are of a kind that
could reasonably relate to assessable income of foreign residents. The issuer
trustee has been advised by Mallesons Stephen Jaques that they do not expect the
regulations to apply to repayments of principal under the notes, as in the
absence of any issue discount, such amounts will generally not be reasonably
related to assessable income. The possible application of any regulations to the
proceeds of any sale of the notes will need to be monitored.
Taxation of foreign exchange gains and losses
The New Business Tax System (Taxation of Financial Arrangements) Act (No.
1) 2003 contains new rules to deal with the taxation consequences of foreign
exchange transactions entered into after July 1, 2003 (unless a taxpayer elects
for them to apply to earlier transactions).
80
The new rules are complex and will apply to the issuer trustee in respect
of any notes denominated in a currency other than Australian dollars as well as
any currency hedging arrangements entered into in respect of such notes.
Nevertheless the issuer trustee should be able to manage its position under the
new rules so that the tax consequences are effectively the same as the
commercial position (that is that any net foreign exchange gains and losses
recognized for tax purposes should be represented by similar cash gains and
losses).
The new rules are complex and may also apply to any holders of notes who
are non-residents that hold notes that are not denominated in Australian dollars
in the course of carrying on business in Australia. Any such note holders should
consult their professional advisors for advice as to how to tax account for any
foreign exchange gains or losses arising from their holding of those notes.
Goods and Services Tax
From July 1, 2000, a goods and services tax ("GST") applies in Australia.
If an entity makes any taxable supplies after July 1, 2000 it will have to
remit goods and services tax to the Australian Taxation Office equal to 10% of
those supplies.
In the case of supplies by the issuer trustee, if the supply is:
o "GST free," the issuer trustee does not pay a goods and
services tax on the supply and can obtain input tax credits for
goods and services taxes paid on things acquired to make the
supply;
o "taxable," the issuer trustee pays goods and services tax on
the supply and can obtain input tax credits for goods and
services tax paid on things acquired to make the supply; or
o "input taxed," ("GST Exempt") which includes financial
supplies, the issuer trustee does not pay a goods and services
tax on the supply, but is not entitled to input tax credits for
goods and services tax paid on things acquired to make the
supply. In some circumstances a "reduced input tax credits" may
be available.
In the opinion of Mallesons Stephen Jaques, the issue of notes and the
payment of interest or principal on the notes will constitute financial
supplies and will accordingly be input taxed or GST free, as the case may be.
Services provided to the issuer trustee will be a mixture of taxable and
input taxed supplies for goods and services tax purposes. If a supply is
taxable, the supplier has the primary obligation to account for goods and
services tax in respect of that supply and must rely on a contractual
provision to recoup that goods and services tax from the issuer trustee. Under
the supplemental deed, certain fees paid by the issuer trustee, namely the
Trust Manager's fee, the issuer trustee's fee, the security trustee's fee and
the Servicer's fee, will only be able to be increased by reference to the
supplier's goods and services tax liability, if any, if:
o the issuer trustee, the Trust Manager and the recipient of the
relevant fee agree, which agreement shall not be unreasonably
withheld; and
81
o the increase will not result in the downgrading or withdrawal
of the rating of any notes.
The issuer trustee may not be entitled to a full input tax credit where
fees payable by the issuer trustee are treated as the consideration for a
taxable supply or are increased by reference to the relevant supplier's goods
and services tax liability. The issuer trustee may not be entitled to a full
input tax credit for that increase and the trust expenses will increase,
resulting in a decrease in funds available to the trust to pay interest on the
notes.
The goods and services tax may increase the cost of repairing or
replacing damaged properties offered as security for mortgage loans. However,
it is a condition of the Seller's mortgage documentation that the borrower
must maintain full replacement value property insurance at all times during
the loan term.
The goods and services tax legislation, in certain circumstances, treats
the issuer trustee as making a taxable supply if it enforces security by selling
the mortgaged property and applying the proceeds of sale to satisfy the mortgage
loan. The issuer trustee will have to account for goods and services tax out of
the sale proceeds with the result that the remaining sale proceeds may be
insufficient to cover the unpaid balance of the related loan. However, the
general position is that a sale of residential property is an input taxed supply
for goods and services tax purposes and so the enforced sale of property which
secures the mortgage loans will generally not be treated as a taxable supply
under these provisions. As an exception, the issuer trustee may still have to
account for goods and services tax out of the proceeds of sale recovered when a
mortgage loan is enforced where the borrower is an enterprise which is
registered or required to register for goods and services tax purposes, uses the
mortgaged property as an asset of its enterprise and any of the following are
relevant:
o the property is no longer being used as a residence;
o the property is used as commercial residential premises such as
a hostel or boarding house;
o the borrower is the first vendor of the property and the
borrower built the property; or
o the mortgaged property has not been used predominantly as a
residence.
Because the issuer trustee is an insured party under the mortgage
insurance policies, it may in certain limited circumstances have to account
for goods and services tax in respect of any claim payment received.
Generally, if certain compliance procedures have been followed, the insured
does not have to account for goods and services tax in respect of the claim
payment.
Any reduction as a result of goods and services tax in the amount
recovered by the issuer trustee when enforcing the mortgage loans will
decrease the funds available to the trust to pay you to the extent not covered
by the mortgage insurance policies. The extent to which the issuer trustee is
able to recover an amount on account of the goods and services tax, if any,
payable on the proceeds of sale in the circumstances described in this
section, will depend on the terms of the related mortgage insurance policy.
82
ERISA Considerations
Subject to the considerations discussed in this section (and except as
otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement for a series of notes), the
notes are eligible for purchase by employee benefit plans.
Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of the United
States ("ERISA") and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit a pension,
profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan, as well as an individual
retirement account or Keogh plan, from engaging in certain transactions with
persons that are "parties in interest" under ERISA or "disqualified persons"
under the Code with respect to these benefit plans. A violation of these
"prohibited transaction" rules may result in an excise tax or other penalties
and liabilities under ERISA and the Code for these persons and in liabilities
for the fiduciary that causes a plan to engage in the transaction. Title I of
ERISA also requires that fiduciaries of a benefit plan subject to ERISA make
investments that are prudent, diversified (unless clearly prudent not to do
so), and in accordance with governing plan documents.
Some transactions involving the purchase, holding or transfer of the notes
might be deemed to constitute prohibited transactions under ERISA and the Code
if assets of the trust were deemed to be assets of a benefit plan. Under a
regulation issued by the United States Department of Labor, the assets of the
trust would be treated as plan assets of a benefit plan for the purposes of
ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code only if the benefit plan acquires an "equity
interest" in the trust and none of the exceptions contained in the regulation is
applicable. An equity interest is defined under the regulation as an interest in
an entity other than an instrument which is treated as indebtedness under
applicable local law and which has no substantial equity features. Although
there can be no assurances in this regard, unless otherwise indicated in the
prospectus supplement for a series of notes, it appears that, at the time of
their initial issuance, the notes should be treated as debt without substantial
equity features for purposes of the regulation. The debt characterization of the
notes could change after their initial issuance if the trust incurs losses or
the rating of the notes declines.
However, without regard to whether the notes are treated as an equity
interest for these purposes, the acquisition or holding of the notes by or on
behalf of a benefit plan could be considered to give rise to a prohibited
transaction if the trust, the owner of the equity interests in the trust,
including the holders of any classes of notes that are treated as equity, the
issuer trustee, the note trustee, the Seller or the security trustee is or
becomes a party in interest or a disqualified person with respect to the
benefit plan. In such case, certain exemptions from the prohibited transaction
rules could be applicable depending on the type and circumstances of the plan
fiduciary making the decision to acquire a note. Included among these
exemptions are:
o Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption ("PTCE") 96-23,
regarding transactions effected by an "in-house asset manager";
o PTCE 90-1, regarding investments by insurance company pooled
separate accounts;
o PTCE 95-60, regarding investments by insurance company general
accounts;
83
o PTCE 91-38, regarding investments by bank collective investment
funds; and
o PTCE 84-14, regarding transactions effected by a "qualified
professional asset manager."
There is no assurance that a prohibited transaction exemption will apply
to all transactions that may arise in connection with a benefit plan's
acquisition and holding of a note. By its acquisition of a note, each
fiduciary of a benefit plan and each investor of plan assets of a benefit plan
shall be deemed to represent and warrant that its purchase and holding of the
note will not result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or
Section 4975 of the Code because the purchase and holding of the note will
satisfy the requirements for exemptive relief under PTCE 96-23, PTCE 90-1,
PTCE 91-38, PTCE 95-60, PTCE 84-14 or a similar exemption.
Moreover, the trust, the issuer trustee, the Trust Manager, the Servicer,
the note trustee, the Seller, the security trustee or any underwriter may be
the sponsor or the investment advisor with respect to one or more benefit
plans. Because these parties may receive certain benefits in connection with
the sale of the notes, the purchase of notes using plan assets over which any
of them has investment authority might be deemed to be a violation of the
prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code for which
no exemption may be available. Accordingly, any benefit plan for which the
trust, the issuer trustee, the Trust Manager, the Servicer, the note trustee,
the Seller, the security trustee or any underwriter or any of their respective
affiliates:
o has investment or administrative discretion with respect to
plan assets;
o has authority or responsibility to give, or regularly gives,
investment advice with respect to plan assets for a fee and
pursuant to an agreement or understanding that the advice will
serve as a primary basis for investment decisions with respect
to plan assets, and will be based on the particular investment
needs for the plan; or
o is an employer maintaining or contributing to the plan
should consult with its counsel about potential prohibited transactions under
ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code before investing in the notes.
Employee benefit plans that are governmental plans, as defined in Section
3(32) of ERISA, and certain church plans, as defined in Section 3(33) of
ERISA, are not subject to ERISA requirements, but may be subject to State or
other Federal law requirements which may impose restrictions similar to those
under ERISA and the Code discussed above. By its acquisition of a note, each
fiduciary of a benefit plan subject to such a similar law and each investor of
plan assets of such a plan will be deemed to represent and warrant that its
purchase and holding of the note will not result in a non-exempt violation of
such similar law.
The sale of securities to a benefit plan is in no respect a
representation by the trust, the issuer trustee, the Trust Manager or the
underwriters that this investment meets all relevant legal requirements with
respect to investments by benefit plans generally or any particular benefit
84
plan, or that this investment is appropriate for benefit plans generally or
any particular benefit plan.
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Australia
Each of the issuer trustee and the Trust Manager with respect to a
particular trust and series of notes will be an Australian public company
registered with limited liability under the Corporations Act. Any final and
conclusive judgment of any New York State or United States Federal Court
sitting in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York having
jurisdiction recognized by the relevant Australian jurisdiction in respect of
an obligation of the issuer trustee in respect of a note or of the Trust
Manager, which is for a fixed sum of money and which has not been stayed or
satisfied in full, would be enforceable by action against the issuer trustee
or the Trust Manager (as the case may be) in the courts of the relevant
Australian jurisdiction without a re-examination of the merits of the issues
determined by the proceedings in the New York State or United States Federal
Court, as applicable, unless:
o the proceedings in New York State or United States Federal
Court, as applicable, involved a denial of the principles of
natural justice;
o the judgment is contrary to the public policy of the relevant
Australian jurisdiction;
o the judgment was obtained by fraud or duress or was based on a
clear mistake of fact;
o the judgment is a penal or revenue judgment; or
o there has been a prior judgment in another court between the
same parties concerning the same issues as are dealt with in
the judgment of the New York State or United States Federal
Court, as applicable.
A judgment by a court may be given in some cases only in Australian
dollars. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement to be entered into among the
National, the Trust Manager, the issuer trustee and the underwriters in
connection with a series of notes, the issuer trustee and the Trust Manager
will expressly submit to the jurisdiction of New York State and United States
Federal Courts sitting in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York for
the purpose of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of the offering of
such notes in the United States. The Trust Manager will appoint [ ], and the
issuer trustee will appoint [ ] (or some other party acceptable to the
underwriters), as its agent upon whom process may be served in any such
action.
All of the directors and executive officers of the issuer trustee and the
Trust Manager, and certain experts named in this prospectus will reside
outside the United States in the Commonwealth of Australia. Substantially all
or a substantial portion of the assets of all or many of such persons will be
located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for
holders of notes to effect service of process within the United States upon
such persons or to enforce against them judgments obtained in United States
courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of federal securities
laws of the United States. Mallesons Stephen Jaques, Australian counsel to the
Trust Manager, has advised that, based on the restrictions discussed in
85
this section, there is doubt as to the enforceability in the Commonwealth of
Australia, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of
United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated upon the federal
securities laws of the United States.
Legal Investment Considerations
The notes will not constitute "mortgage related securities" for purposes
of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984 of the United States,
because the originator of the mortgage loans was not subject to State or
Federal regulatory authority in the United States. Accordingly, some U.S.
institutions with legal authority to invest in comparably rated securities
based on such mortgage loans may not be legally authorized to invest in the
notes. No representation is made as to whether the notes constitute legal
investments under any applicable statute, law, rule, regulation or order for
any entity whose investment activities are subject to investment laws and
regulations or to review by any regulatory authorities.
Where You Can Find More Information
The Trust Manager has filed with the SEC a registration statement under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the notes. This
prospectus, which forms a part of the registration statement, omits certain
information contained in the registration statement pursuant to the Rules and
Regulations of the SEC. The registration statement and the exhibits thereto
can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by
the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at certain of
its Regional Offices located as follows:
o Midwest Regional Office, 175 W. Jackson Boulevard,
Suite 900, Chicago, Illinois 60604; and
o Northeast Regional Office, 233 Broadway, New York, New York
10279.
Copies of these materials can also be obtained from the Public Reference
Section of the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at
prescribed rates. The SEC also maintains a site on the World Wide Web at
"http://www.sec.gov" at which users can view and download copies of reports,
proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically
through the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval ("EDGAR")
system. The Trust Manager has filed the registration statement, including all
exhibits thereto, through the EDGAR system and therefore these materials
should be available by logging onto the SEC's Web site. The SEC maintains
computer terminals providing access to the EDGAR system at each of the offices
referred to above.
The Trust Manager will also file reports and other information with the
SEC about the trust issuing your notes. Such SEC filings are available to the
public over the Internet at the SEC's web site described above. You may also
read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference facilities at
the addresses specified above.
86
Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference
All documents subsequently filed by or on behalf of a trust referred to
in the accompanying prospectus supplement with the SEC pursuant to Section
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of this
prospectus and prior to the termination of any offering of the notes issued by
the trust will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and to be a part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of the
documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be
incorporated by reference herein will be deemed to be modified or superseded
for all purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained
herein (or in the accompanying prospectus supplement) or in any other
subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by
reference modifies or replaces the statement. Any statement so modified or
superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to
constitute a part of this prospectus.
The Trust Manager on behalf of any trust will provide without charge to
each person to whom this prospectus is delivered, on the written or oral
request of that person, a copy of any or all of the documents referred to
above that have been or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus
(not including exhibits to the information that is incorporated by reference
unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the
information that this prospectus incorporates). Requests should be directed to
the Trust Manager at the address set forth above under "Where You Can Find
More Information."
Ratings of the Notes
Any class of notes of a series offered by this prospectus will be:
o rated by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating
agency or organization that initially rates such series at the
request of the Trust Manager, and
o identified in the related prospectus supplement in one of the
rating agency's four highest rating categories which are
referred to as investment grade.
The security ratings of the notes should be evaluated independently from
similar ratings on other types of securities. The rating does not address the
expected schedule of principal repayments. A rating is not a recommendation to
buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at
any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated
independently of similar ratings on different securities.
Plan of Distribution
The notes of each series or class will be offered through the following
methods from time to time, and offerings may be made concurrently through more
than one of these methods and an offering of a particular series or of one or
more classes of notes may be made through a combination of two or more of
these methods, including:
o by negotiated firm commitment underwriting and public
reoffering by underwriters;
87
o by placements by the National or other placement agent with
institutional investors through dealers or agents; or
o by direct placement by the National or another agent with
institutional investors.
The prospectus supplement for a series of notes will set forth the
precise terms of the offering of such series including:
o the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents;
o the proceeds to the issuer trustee from the sale;
o any underwriting discounts and other items constituting
underwriters' compensation (or the method by which prices of
the notes are determined);
o any discounts and commissions allowed or paid to dealers and
agents; and
o any applicable restrictions with respect to the offering and
sale of the notes in the various foreign jurisdictions in which
the underwriters intend to offer the notes.
Any initial public offering prices and any discounts or concessions
allowed or reallowed or paid to underwriters, dealers and agents may be
changed from time to time.
If any notes of any series are sold through underwriters, the prospectus
supplement for such series will describe the nature of the obligation of the
underwriters to purchase the notes. The notes may be offered to the public
either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing
underwriters or directly by one or more underwriting firms acting alone. The
underwriter or underwriters will be named in the related prospectus supplement.
The notes will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be
resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated
transactions, at fixed offering prices or at varying prices to be determined at
the time of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. The obligation of the
underwriters to purchase any notes of the related series will be subject to
various conditions precedent, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase
all of the notes if any are purchased.
Purchasers of notes, including dealers, institutional investors and
sophisticated non-institutional investors may, depending on the facts and
circumstances of such purchases, be deemed to be underwriters within the
meaning of the Securities Act, in connection with reoffers and sales by them
of notes. Holders of notes should consult with their legal advisors in this
regard prior to any reoffer or sale of notes.
Underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of a
series of notes may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into by
the issuer trustee, the National and the Trust Manager to indemnification by
such parties against specific liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act, as amended, or to contribution for payments which the
underwriters or agents may be required to make under the terms of the
agreements.
88
Legal Matters
Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP, New York, New York, has passed upon some
legal matters regarding the notes, including the material U.S. Federal income
tax matters, for National Global MBS Manager Pty Ltd; Mallesons Stephen
Jaques, Sydney, Australia, has passed upon some legal matters regarding the
notes, including the material Australian tax matters, for National Global MBS
Manager Pty Ltd.
89
Glossary
The information contained in this Glossary forms an integral part of this
prospectus.
"A$" means Australian dollars.
"ABN" means Australian Business Number.
"Agent" means each paying agent, note registrar, calculation agent or
agent bank.
"Austraclear" means the system operated by Austraclear Limited (ABN 94
002 060 773) for holding certain A$ securities and the electronic recording
and settling of transactions in those securities between members of that
system in accordance with the Regulations and Operating Manual established by
Austraclear Limited (as amended or replaced from time to time) to govern the
use of that system and includes as required a reference to Austraclear limited
as operator of that system.
"Australian Consumer Credit Code" means, as applicable, the Consumer
Credit Code set out in the Appendix to the Consumer Credit (Queensland) Act
1995 as in force or applied as a law of any jurisdiction in Australia, as
amended by the Consumer Credit (Queensland) Amendment Act 1998, the provisions
of the Consumer Credit Code set out in the Appendix to the Consumer Credit
(Western Australia) Act 1996 or the provisions of the Consumer Credit Code set
out in the Appendix to the Consumer Credit (Tasmania) Act 1996.
"Business Day" means, any day, other than a Saturday, Sunday or public
holiday, on which banks are open for business in Melbourne, Sydney, New York
or any other city identified as a relevant city in the supplemental deed
relating to a series of notes.
"Clearstream, Luxembourg" means the Clearstream Banking, societe anonyme,
a limited liability company organized under the laws of Luxembourg.
"Code" means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
"Collections Account" means, in respect of a trust, an account opened and
maintained by the issuer trustee in accordance with the Master Trust Deed
which bears a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein
are held for the benefit of that trust.
"Corporations Act" means the Australian legislation entitled
"Corporations Act 2001 (Cwlth)" as amended.
"Current Report" means a current report filed on Form 8-K pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
"Deed of Charge" means the deed with the words "Deed of Charge" and the
name of the trust in its title entered into between the issuer trustee, the
Trust Manager, the security trustee and the note trustee for a trust.
90
"Derivative Contract" means any interest rate swap, currency swap,
forward rate agreement, cap, collar, floor or other rate or price protection
transaction or agreement, any option with respect to any such transaction or
agreement, or any combination of such transactions and agreements or similar
arrangements entered into by the issuer trustee in connection with:
(a) notes issued in respect of a trust; or
(b) any asset of a trust.
"DTC" means The Depository Trust Company.
"EDGAR" means the SEC's electronic data gathering and retrieval system.
"Eligibility Criteria" means with respect to a mortgage loan, the
criteria for inclusion of a mortgage loan as an asset of a trust as set forth
under "Transfer and Assignment of Mortgage Loans--The Seller's
Representations" in this prospectus.
"ERISA" means the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act
of 1974, as amended.
"Euroclear" means the Euroclear Clearance System Societe Cooperative, a
Belgian cooperative corporation.
"Exchange Act" means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended.
"Extraordinary Resolution" means:
(a) in relation to Voting Secured Creditors or a class of Voting
Secured Creditors, a resolution passed at a meeting of the
Voting Secured Creditors or the class of the Voting Secured
Creditors held in accordance with the provisions of the Master
Security Trust Deed by:
(i) a majority of not less than 75% of the votes of such
Voting Secured Creditors or class of Voting Secured
Creditors capable of being cast on it; or
(ii) a written resolution signed by all of such Voting Secured
Creditors or class of Voting Secured Creditors; and
(b) in relation to Noteholders of a trust, a resolution passed at a
meeting of the Noteholders held in accordance with the
provisions of the Master Trust Deed and the Note Trust Deed by:
(i) a majority of not less than 75% of the votes of such
Noteholders capable of being cast on it; or
(ii) a written resolution signed by all of such Noteholders.
"GST" has the meaning given to it in the GST Act and associated
imposition Acts.
91
"GST Act" means the Australian legislation entitled "A New Tax System
(Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 (Cwlth)".
"Insolvency Event" means:
(a) in relation to the issuer trustee, in its individual capacity
and as trustee of a Trust, the Trust Manager, the Servicer, the
Seller, the security trustee, the note trustee, an agent, a
borrower which is a body corporate or a mortgage insurer, the
happening of any of the following events:
(1) an administrator of the relevant corporation is appointed;
(2) except for the purpose of a solvent reconstruction or
amalgamation, an application or an order is made,
proceedings are commenced, a resolution is passed or
proposed in a notice of proceedings or an application to a
court or other steps, (other than frivolous or vexatious
applications, proceedings, notices and steps), are taken
for the winding up, dissolution or administration of the
relevant corporation;
(3) the relevant corporation enters into an arrangement,
compromise or composition with or assignment for the
benefit of its creditors or a class of them, except in the
case of the issuer trustee where this occurs in relation
to another trust of which it is the trustee;
(4) the relevant corporation ceases, suspends or threatens to
cease or suspend the conduct of all or substantially all
of its business or disposes of or threatens to dispose of
substantially all of its assets;
(5) the relevant corporation is, or under applicable
legislation is taken to be, unable to pay its debts, other
than as the result of a failure to pay a debt or claim the
subject of a good faith dispute, or stops or suspends or
threatens to stop or suspend payment of all or a class of
its debts, except in the case of the issuer trustee where
this occurs in relation to another trust of which it is
the trustee; or
(6) a receiver, receiver and manager or administrator is
appointed, by the relevant corporation or by any other
person, to all or substantially all of the assets and
undertaking of the relevant corporation or any part
thereof, except in the case of the issuer trustee where
this occurs in relation to another trust of which it is
the trustee; or
(7) anything analogous to any of the events specified above or
having a substantially similar effect occurs in relation
to the relevant corporation; and
(b) in respect of a borrower which is not a body corporate, upon
the happening of any of the following events:
92
(1) the death, mental incapacity or bankruptcy of the
mortgagor (including without limitation the occurrence of
an "act of bankruptcy" (as defined in section 40 of the
Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cwth) with respect to the mortgagor)
or the appointment of a receiver, trustee or other
official in respect of all or any part of the assets of
the mortgagor;
(2) such borrower has a security granted by them enforced
against them;
(3) the borrower is otherwise unable to pay its debts when
they fall due; or
(4) anything analogous to or having a substantially similar
effect to the events referred to above happens under law
of any applicable jurisdiction.
"IRS" means the United States Internal Revenue Service.
"Master Security Trust Deed" means the deed with the words "Master
Security Trust Deed" between the issuer trustee, the Trust Manager, the note
trustee and the security trustee, as amended.
"Master Trust Deed" means the deed with the words "Master Trust Deed"
between the Trust Manager and the issuer trustee, as amended.
"Material Adverse Effect" means:
(a) in respect of a party, a material adverse effect on the ability
of the relevant party to meet its obligations under any
Transaction Document; or
(b) an event which will materially and adversely effect the
enforceability or recoverability of more than 5% (by number) of
the mortgage loans.
"Mortgage Title Documents" means with respect to any mortgage loan:
(a) the certificate or other indicia of title (if any) in respect
of the land the subject of the mortgage in relation to the
mortgage loan;
(b) the original or duplicate mortgage documents in relation to the
mortgage loan;
(c) the original or duplicate of the collateral securities
documents in relation to the mortgage loan;
(d) any policy of lender's mortgage insurance and property
insurance (or certificate of currency for the policy of
lender's mortgage insurance and property insurance) held by the
Seller in respect of the mortgage or the collateral securities
in relation to the mortgage loan;
(e) any valuation report obtained in connection with the mortgage
or the collateral securities in relation to the mortgage loan;
93
(f) any agreement of priority or its equivalent in writing entered
into in connection with the mortgage or the collateral
securities in relation to the mortgage loan;
(g) the loan agreement (if other than a mortgage) relating to the
mortgage loan; and
(h) all other documents required to evidence the Seller's or the
issuer trustee's interest in the above land, the above mortgage
loan, the above mortgage, or the above collateral securities,
and, for the avoidance of doubt, "Mortgage Title Documents" includes
any amendment or replacement of such documents and any such document
which is entered into, and under which rights arise, after any sale
of the relevant mortgage loan by the Seller to the issuer trustee.
"National" means National Australia Bank Limited (ABN 12 004 044 937)
and, where the context implies, its subsidiaries.
"Notional Balance" means either (a) the scheduled balance of a mortgage
loan based on the required monthly payment of principal and /or interest or
(b) an amount calculated on the basis of a principal balance schedule that
amortizes the loan as if a 10% interest rate applied over the loan term.
"Offer to Sell" means any offer of that title by the Seller in favor of
the issuer trustee in respect of mortgage loans, dated on or about the date of
the Sale Agreement to which it relates and which is only capable of acceptance
by the payment of a purchase price.
"Prescribed Period" means the 120 day period following the closing date
on which the mortgage loans are equitably assigned to a trust pursuant to the
Sale Agreement and the related series of notes is issued.
"Program" means the Securitization Program as described in this
prospectus.
"Qualifying Debtor" means a borrower of a mortgage loan who is not dead,
bankrupt, insane or the subject of an Insolvency Event.
"Redraw" means an amount advanced pursuant to an obligation or discretion
of the Seller to provide a Redraw to the Borrower under a Redraw Mortgage
Loan.
"Redraw Mortgage Loan" means a variable rate mortgage loan which provides
the borrower with the ability to make Redraws of principal.
"Reference Rate" has the meaning ascribed to such term under the heading
"The Seller's Residential Loan Program--Features and Options; Loan Types" in
this prospectus.
"Sale Agreement" means, with respect to a trust, an agreement so entitled
between the Seller and the issuer trustee in respect of a trust pursuant to
which the issuer trustee purchases mortgage loans from the Seller for
inclusion as part of that trust.
94
"Scheduled Payment" means the required weekly, bi-weekly or monthly
payment of principal and/or interest specified under the related mortgage loan
documents.
"SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
"Secured Creditors" means any secured party specified as such under the
Deed of Charge for a trust including, but not limited to, the noteholders, the
Trust Manager, the security trustee, the Servicer, the note trustee, any
paying agent, any provider of a swap, and any provider of a support facility.
"Secured Moneys" means, in respect of the trust, the aggregate of all
money owing to the security trustee or to a creditor under any of the
Transaction Documents as specified in the deed of charge for such trust.
"Securities Act" means the United States Securities Act of 1933.
"Seller" means National Australia Bank Limited (ABN 12 004 044 937).
"Servicer" means National Australia Bank Limited (ABN 12 004 044 937) and
its successors and assigns.
"Servicer Termination Event" has the meaning ascribed to it under the
heading "Description of the Transaction Documents--The Servicing
Agreement--Removal and Resignation of the Servicer" in this prospectus.
"Servicing Agreement" means the agreement entitled "Trusts Servicing
Agreement" between the Trust Manager, the issuer trustee and the Servicer, as
amended.
"Tax Act" means the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act of 1936 or the
Australian Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997, as amended.
"Title Perfection Event" means, in respect of a trust, any of the
following:
(a) the Seller ceases to have a long term credit rating of at least
"BBB" in the case of S&P or which ceases to be acceptable to
the other rating agencies rating the related series of Notes;
(b) an Insolvency Event occurs in relation to the Seller;
(c) the Seller or the Servicer fails to pay the collections in
respect of the trust related to a series of notes to the issuer
trustee within three Business Days of the due date for payment;
(d) if the Seller in respect of that trust is also the Servicer in
respect of that trust, a Servicer Termination Event occurs in
respect of that trust;
95
(e) if the Seller is a counterparty under a basis swap agreement
and/or a fixed swap agreement which is a Derivative Contract in
respect of the trust, the Seller fails to make any payment due
under that Derivative Contract and such failure:
(1) has or will have, as reasonably determined by the issuer
trustee, a Material Adverse Effect; and
(2) is not remedied by the Seller within 20 Business Days (or
such longer period as the issuer trustee may agree to) of
notice thereof being delivered to the Seller by the Trust
Manager or the issuer trustee;
(f) a representation, warranty or statement by or on behalf of the
Seller in a Transaction Document of that trust or a document
provided under or in connection with such Transaction Document
is not true or is misleading when repeated and such false or
misleading representation, warranty or statement:
(1) has or will have, as reasonably determined by the issuer
trustee, a Material Adverse Effect; and
(2) is not remedied by the Seller within 20 Business Days (or
such longer period as the issuer trustee may agree to) of
notice thereof being delivered to the Seller by the Trust
Manager or the issuer trustee;
(g) where the Seller has custody of the Mortgage Title Documents in
accordance with the Servicing Agreement, the Seller fails to
comply with its obligations under the Servicing Agreement; or
(h) any other event specified in the relevant supplemental deed.
"Transaction Documents" means, in relation to a trust:
(a) the Master Trust Deed;
(b) the supplemental deed in respect of a trust;
(c) the Master Security Trust Deed;
(d) the Deed of Charge in respect of a trust;
(e) the definitions schedule;
(f) the Servicing Agreement;
(g) the Sale Agreement and any Offer to Sell;
(h) the note trust deed;
(i) the agency agreement;
96
(j) any Derivative Contract;
(k) any document in connection with, or evidencing, a support
facility; and
(l) such other documents as are specified as Transaction Documents
in the related supplemental deed in respect of a trust.
"Trust Manager" means National Global MBS Manager Pty Ltd and its
successors or assigns.
"US$" means "US dollars."
"Voting Secured Creditor" means, with respect to a trust:
(a) for so long as the Secured Moneys of the noteholders are 75% or
more of the then total Secured Moneys;
(1) if any senior note or redraw note then remains
outstanding, the note trustee (or, if the note trustee has
become bound to notify, or seek directions from, the
related holders of the senior notes and redraw noteholders
or to take steps and/or to proceed under the relevant note
trust deed and fails to do so as and when required by that
note trust deed and such failure is continuing, the
related noteholders); or
(2) if no senior note or redraw note then remains outstanding,
the holders of subordinate notes; and
(b) otherwise:
(1) if any senior note or redraw note then remains
outstanding, the note trustee (or, if the note trustee has
become bound to notify, or seek directions from, the
related holders of senior notes and redraw noteholders or
to take steps and/or to proceed under the relevant note
deed and fails to do so as and when required by that note
trust deed and such failure is continuing, the related
noteholders); and
(2) each other then Secured Creditor (other than the note
trustee, the senior noteholders and the redraw
noteholders).
* * *
97
Appendix A
The information contained in this Appendix A forms an integral part of
this prospectus.
Global Clearance and Settlement Procedures
In most circumstances, the notes offered by this prospectus will be
issued only as global notes which are registered and held by a Depository.
Note Owners of the global notes may hold their interest in the global notes
through any of DTC, Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear or, if specified in
the prospectus supplement for a series of notes, in the case of Australian
dollar notes, Austraclear. The global notes will be tradable as home market
instruments in the European, U.S., Asian and Australian domestic markets. For
so long as the notes are held in global form, all payments of principal and
interest, and all transfers of the notes will take place in accordance with
the procedures of the relevant clearing system. Initial settlement and all
secondary trades will settle in same-day funds.
Secondary market trading between investors holding interests in global
notes through DTC will be conducted according to the rules and procedures
applicable to U.S. corporate debt obligations.
Secondary market trading between investors holding interests in global
notes through Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear will be conducted in the
ordinary way under their normal rules and operating procedures and under
conventional eurobond practice, which is seven calendar day settlement.
Secondary market trading between investors holding interests in global
notes through Austraclear will be conducted in accordance with the Austraclear
Regulations and Operating Manual in the same manner as domestic Australian
dollar debt instruments.
Secondary cross-market trading between Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear participants (including, where applicable, Austraclear as a
participant in those systems) and DTC participants holding interests in global
notes will be effected on a delivery-against-payment basis through the
respective depositaries of Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear and the DTC
participants.
Initial Settlement
All global notes will be held in book-entry form by DTC in the name of
Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC. Note Owners' interests in the global notes will
be represented through financial institutions acting on their behalf as direct
and indirect participants in DTC. As a result, Clearstream, Luxembourg and
Euroclear will hold positions on behalf of their participants (including,
where applicable, Austraclear) through their respective depositaries, which in
turn will hold their positions in accounts as DTC participants.
Note Owners electing to hold their interests in the global notes through
DTC will follow the DTC's settlement practices applicable to U.S. corporate
debt obligations. Note Owner securities custody accounts will be credited with
their holdings against payment in same-day funds on the settlement date.
A-1
Note Owners electing to hold their interests in the global notes through
Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear or Austraclear accounts will follow the
settlement procedures applicable to conventional eurobonds, except that there
will be no temporary global security and no "lockup" or restricted period.
Interests in the global notes will be credited to the securities custody
accounts on the settlement date against payment in same-day funds.
Secondary Market Trading
Since the purchaser determines the place of delivery, it is important to
establish at the time of the trade where both the purchaser's and seller's
accounts are located to ensure that settlement can be made on the desired
value date.
Trading between DTC Participants. Secondary market trading between DTC
participants will be settled using the DTC's procedures applicable to U.S.
corporate debt obligations in same-day funds.
Trading between Clearstream, Luxembourg Euroclear Participants and /or
Austraclear. Secondary market trading between Clearstream, Luxembourg
participants or Euroclear participants or Austraclear participants will be
settled using the procedures applicable to conventional eurobonds in same-day
funds.
Trading between DTC seller and Clearstream, Luxembourg, Euroclear or
Austraclear purchaser. When interests in the global notes are to be
transferred from the account of a DTC participant to the account of a
Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or a Euroclear participant, the purchaser
will send instructions to Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear through a
Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or Euroclear participant (including, where
applicable, Austraclear) at least one business day before settlement.
Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear will instruct their respective
depositary, as the case may be, to receive the interests in the global notes
against payment. Payment will include interest accrued on the interests in the
global notes from and including the last coupon payment date to and excluding
the settlement date. Payment will then be made by the respective depositary to
the DTC participant's account against delivery of the global notes. After
settlement has been completed, the global notes will be credited to the
respective clearing system and by the clearing system, under its usual
procedures, to the Clearstream, Luxembourg participant's or Euroclear
participant's (including, where applicable, the account of Austraclear and the
account of a member of Austraclear). The global notes credit will appear the
next day accounting to European time or Australian time (as the case may be),
and the cash debit will be back-valued to, and interest on the global notes
will accrue from, the value date. The value date would be the day before the
day that settlement occurred in New York. If the trade fails and settlement is
not completed on the intended value date, the Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear cash debit will be valued instead on the actual settlement date.
Austraclear will follow its rules and procedures in giving instructions
to Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear (as a participant in those systems)
and members of Austraclear will need to give instructions to Austraclear in
good time to enable it to do so.
A-2
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants and Euroclear participants
(including, where applicable, Austraclear) will need to make available to the
respective clearing systems the funds necessary to process same-day funds
settlement. The most direct means of doing so is to preposition funds for
settlement, either from cash on hand or existing lines of credit, as they
would for any settlement occurring within Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear. Under this approach, they may take on credit exposure to
Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear until the global notes are credited to
their accounts one day later. Austraclear members will need to make available
to Austraclear the funds necessary for it to comply with its obligations as a
participant in Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear in accordance with the
Austraclear Regulations and Operating Manual.
As an alternative, if Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear has extended a
line of credit to them, Clearstream, Luxembourg participants or Euroclear
participants, can elect not to pre-position funds and allow that credit line
to be drawn upon the finance settlement. Under this procedure, Clearstream,
Luxembourg participants or Euroclear participants purchasing interests in the
global notes would incur overdraft charges for one day, assuming they cleared
the overdraft when the interests in the global notes were credited to their
accounts. However, interest on the global notes would accrue from the value
date. Therefore, in many cases the investment income on the interests in the
global notes earned during that one-day period may substantially reduce or
offset the amount of the overdraft charges, although this result will depend
on each Clearstream, Luxembourg participant's or Euroclear participant's
particular cost of funds.
Since the settlement is taking place during New York business hours, DTC
participants can employ their usual procedures for sending interests in the
global notes to the respective depositary for the benefit of Clearstream,
Luxembourg participants or Euroclear participants (including, where
applicable, Austraclear). The sale proceeds will be available to the DTC
Seller on the settlement date. Thus, to the DTC participant a cross-market
transaction will settle no differently than a trade between two DTC
participants.
Trading between Clearstream, Luxembourg, Euroclear or Austraclear seller
and DTC purchaser. Due to time zone differences in their favor, Clearstream,
Luxembourg participants and Euroclear participants (including, where
applicable, Austraclear) may employ their customary procedures for
transactions in which interests in global notes are to be transferred by the
respective clearing system, through the respective depositary, to a DTC
participant. The seller will send instructions to Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear through a Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or Euroclear
participant (including, where applicable, Austraclear) at least one business
day before settlement. In these cases, Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear
will instruct the respective depositary, as appropriate, to deliver the bonds
to the DTC participant's account against payment. Payment will include
interest accrued on the interests in the global notes from and including the
last coupon payment date to and excluding the settlement date. The payment
will then be reflected in the account of the Clearstream, Luxembourg
participant or Euroclear participant (including, where applicable, the account
of Austraclear and the account of the member of Austraclear) the following
day, and receipt of the cash proceeds in the Clearstream, Luxembourg
participant's or Euroclear participant's account (including, where applicable,
the account of Austraclear and the account of the member of Austraclear) would
be back-valued to the value date. The value date would be the day before the
day that settlement occurred in New York. Should the Clearstream, Luxembourg
participant or Euroclear participant
A-3
have a line of credit with its respective clearing system and elect to be
in debit in anticipation of receipt of the sale proceeds in its account, the
back-valuation will extinguish any overdraft charges incurred over that one-day
period. If the trade fails and settlement is not completed on the intended value
date, receipt of the cash proceeds in the Clearstream, Luxembourg participant's
or Euroclear participant's or account (including, where applicable, the account
of Austraclear and the account of the member of Austraclear) would instead be
valued on the actual settlement date. Finally, day traders that use Clearstream,
Luxembourg or Euroclear and that purchase interests in global notes from DTC
participants for delivery to Clearstream, Luxembourg participants or Euroclear
participants (including, where applicable, Austraclear) should note that these
trades would automatically fail on the sale side unless affirmative action were
taken. At least three techniques should be readily available to eliminate this
potential problem:
o borrowing through Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear for one
day, until the purchase side of the day trade is reflected in
their Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear accounts, under the
clearing system's customary procedures;
o borrowing the interests in the global notes in the U.S. from a
DTC participant no later than one day prior to settlement,
which would give the interests in the global notes sufficient
time to be reflected in their Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear account in order to settle the sale side of the
trade; or
o staggering the value dates for the buy and sell sides of the
trade so that the value date for the purchase from the DTC
participant is at least one day before the value date for the
sale to the Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or Euroclear
participant (including, where applicable, Austraclear).
A-4
PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF [ ] TRUST 200[ ]-[ ]
[ ]
Attention: [ ]
SELLER AND SERVICER
National Australia Bank Limited (ABN 12 004 044 937)
Level 24, 500 Bourke Street
Melbourne, Victoria, 3000,
Australia
ISSUER TRUSTEE
[ ]
NOTE TRUSTEE, PRINCIPAL PAYING AGENT AND NOTE REGISTRAR
[ ]
SECURITY TRUSTEE
[ ]
[ ] LISTING AGENT AND PAYING AGENT
[ ]
LEGAL ADVISERS
To: [ ] Trust To: [ ] Trust
200[ ]-[ ] as to United States law 200[ ]-[ ] as to Australian law
Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP Mallesons Stephen Jaques
787 Seventh Avenue Level 60
New York, New York 10019 Governor Phillip Tower
1 Farrer Place
Sydney NSW 2000
Australia
|
[ ] Trust 200[ ]-[ ]
[US $] [ ] Mortgage Backed [Floating Rate] [Fixed Rate] Notes,
Series 200[ ]-[ ], Class [ ]
National Australia Bank Limited (ABN 12 004 044 937)
Seller and Servicer
[ ]
Issuer Trustee
National Global MBS Manager Pty Ltd (ABN 36 102 668 226),
Trust Manager
LOGO GOES HERE
Prospectus
[Insert Underwriters]
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We
have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
We are not offering the Notes in any state or jurisdiction where
the offer is not permitted.
Dealers will deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters of the notes and
with respect to their unsold allotments and
subscriptions. In addition, all dealers selling the notes will deliver
a prospectus until [ ].