JetBlue Airways Corporation, or JetBlue, is a low-fare, low-cost passenger airline that provides high-quality customer service
primarily on point-to-point routes between 22 destinations in 11 states and Puerto Rico. We focus on serving underserved markets and/or large metropolitan areas that have high
average fares. We have a geographically diversified flight schedule that includes both short-haul and long-haul routes. We intend to maintain a disciplined growth strategy by
increasing frequency on our existing routes and entering new markets.
We
commenced service in February 2000 and established our primary base of operations at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, or JFK. On August 28, 2001, we
began service at our West Coast base of operations, Long Beach Municipal Airport, which serves the Los Angeles area. As of February 11, 2004, we operated 222 weekday flights, including 108
weekday flights between the Northeast and Florida, 66 weekday flights between the East Coast and western United States, and 48 weekday short-haul flights. We have flown over
19 million passengers since commencing operations. JetBlue is the 11th largest passenger carrier in the United States based on revenue passenger miles for the year ended December 31,
2003.
To
date, we have raised $467 million of equity capital, which has enabled us, among other things, to acquire a fleet of new, single-class Airbus A320 aircraft. We are scheduled to
add 98 new Airbus A320 aircraft and 100 EMBRAER 190 aircraft to our current operating fleet of 55 Airbus A320 aircraft by the end of 2011. We have an experienced management team and a strong company
culture with a productive and incentivized workforce that strives to offer high-quality customer service, while at the same time operating efficiently and keeping costs low. We also have
low operating costs, in part because of our high daily aircraft utilization and low distribution costs. Our widely available low fares are designed to stimulate demand, and we have demonstrated our
ability to increase passenger traffic in the markets we serve. In addition, we offer our customers a differentiated product, including new aircraft, low fares, leather seats, free LiveTV (a
24-channel satellite TV service with programming provided by DIRECTV®) at every seat, pre-assigned seating and reliable operating performance. In 2004, we plan to
increase our commitment to customer service with the addition of free digital satellite radio by XM Satellite Radio and movie channel offerings from News Corporation's Fox Entertainment Group.
While
the airline industry suffered losses in 2003 and 2002, we had net income of $103.9 million and $54.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002,
respectively. We generated an operating margin of 16.9% and 16.5% in 2003 and 2002, respectively, which were higher than all of the major U.S. airlines, according to reports by those airlines. Due to
our low fares, our yields (the average
amount one passenger pays to fly one mile) during 2003 were lower than all of the major U.S. airlines. However, our low fares together with our high quality service offering enabled us to generate a
load factor (the percentage of aircraft seating capacity actually utilized) of 84.5%, higher than that reported by any of the major U.S. airlines, which had domestic load factors ranging from 65.1% to
76.4%, with a weighted average of 72.8% for the year ended December 31, 2003. In addition, we have maintained our high level of operating performance. For the year ended December 31,
2003, we completed 99.5% of our scheduled flights, which was better than any of the major U.S. airlines, and our on-time performance of 84.3% exceeded all but one major U.S. airline.
We
expect the airline industry to remain intensely competitive, especially if adverse economic conditions persist. In response to the growing number of price-sensitive travelers and the
corresponding growth in the domestic market share of low-fare airlines, several airlines are seeking to emulate the low-cost business model by creating their own
low-fare operations. Our competitors have chosen to add
5
service,
reduce their fares and/or offer special promotions in some of our markets following our entry, which has resulted in intense price competition. Our capability to meet these competitive
responses depends on, among other things, our ability to operate at costs equal to or lower than our competitors.
JetBlue
was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998. Our principal executive offices are located at 118-29 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York 11375 and our
telephone number is (718) 286-7900. Our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, are accessible free of charge at our website investor.jetblue.com.
Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference in this report. As used in this Form 10-K, the terms "JetBlue", "we", "us", "our" and similar terms refer to
JetBlue Airways Corporation and its subsidiary, LiveTV, LLC, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Our Strategy
Our goal is to establish JetBlue as a leading low-fare passenger airline by offering customers a differentiated product and high-quality
customer service. We strive to offer low fares that stimulate market demand while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies. We intend to follow a
controlled growth plan designed to take advantage of our competitive strengths. Our growth has occurred, and we believe it will continue to occur, by adding additional frequencies on existing routes,
connecting new city pairs among the destinations we already serve and entering new markets often served by higher-cost, higher-fare airlines. The key elements of our strategy
are:
Stimulate Demand with Low Fares.
Our widely available low fares and product offering are designed to
stimulate demand, particularly from fare-conscious leisure and business travelers who might otherwise have used alternative forms of transportation or would not have traveled at all. We
have seen this "JetBlue Effect" in several of our markets. For example, according to the Department of Transportation, or DOT, before we introduced our service, the average number of daily passengers
flying between Buffalo, New York and all three New York City metropolitan airports was 584. One year after our entry, the average number of daily passengers flying in that market increased 75% to
1,020 of whom 441, or 43%, flew JetBlue. Over the same time period, the average one-way fare paid also decreased 34%.
Emphasize Low Operating Costs.
We are committed to keeping our unit costs low. We have achieved our
low unit costs primarily by maintaining high aircraft utilization, operating a single aircraft type with a single class of service, using advanced technologies and employing an incentivized and
productive workforce. We are focused on using technology to improve efficiency, and we believe that our ticketless reservation system, high percentage of bookings on our website and other initiatives
will help us continue to keep our costs low. We plan to grow from our current fleet of 55 aircraft to 253 aircraft by the end of 2011 and we believe the addition of a second type of aircraft, the
EMBRAER 190, beginning in 2005 will not impact our ability continue to contain our operating costs. As we grow, we expect some benefit from economies of scale by leveraging our current infrastructure
over an expanded operation.
Offer Point-to-Point Flights to Underserved and/or Overpriced Large Markets.
In considering new markets, we focus on point-to-point service to highly-traveled markets that are underserved or large metropolitan areas with high average
fares. In determining which markets to select, we analyze publicly available data from the DOT showing the historical number of passengers, capacity and average fares over time in all North American
city-pair markets. Using this data, combined with our knowledge and experience about how the same or comparable markets have behaved in the past when prices increased or decreased, we
forecast the level of demand in a particular market that will result from the introduction of our service and lower prices, as well as the anticipated reaction of existing airlines in that market.
Consistent with these criteria, we chose New York City as our principal base of operations.
6
Although
the New York area is the nation's largest travel market, prior to our entry it lacked significant low-fare domestic service.
Our
West Coast base of operations, Long Beach Municipal Airport, shares many of the same characteristics as New York. Los Angeles is the second-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. with
more than 16 million inhabitants, of which over six million live within 20 miles of Long Beach. Average airfares from the Los Angeles area are generally high, other than fares to markets served
by Southwest Airlines, which are primarily short-haul or long-haul connecting flights.
In
2004, we launched service from Logan International Airport in Boston to five cities with a total of 11 daily departures. Boston is the seventh largest metropolitan area in the U.S.
and we believe it has lacked sufficient low-fare domestic service.
We
intend to further penetrate our key markets by increasing the number of flights per day as demand warrants. We believe that this is important to customers who choose airlines based on
low fares and convenient schedules. We intend to continue to emphasize point-to-point travel while also offering to our customers convenient connections where we have the
opportunity to do so. An emphasis on point-to-point travel allows us to utilize both our employees and facilities more efficiently. It also enables more customers to enjoy the
convenience of non-stop travel and limits connecting flight delays and lost baggage.
Differentiate Our Product and Service.
We believe that a key to our initial and long-term
success is that we offer customers a better alternative for airline travel. We offer our customers a unique flying experience by providing new aircraft, leather seats, simple and low fares, free
LiveTV at every seat, pre-assigned seating and reliable performance. During 2003, we enhanced this experience by providing more legroom for customers by increasing the seat pitch for
two-thirds of the seats in each of our aircraft from 32 to 34 inches. We place a very high emphasis on customer service, especially when weather or mechanical problems disrupt service. We
strive to communicate openly and honestly with customers about delays and provide free soft drinks and snacks to delayed customers. Unlike most other airlines, we have a policy of not overbooking our
flights. Based on customer feedback, we believe that customers prefer our service to that of our competitors and that this high-quality service is an important reason why they choose us
over other airlines.
Our Competitive Strengths
Low Operating Costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, our airline cost per available seat
mile of 6.07 cents was lower than any of the major U.S. airlines, which reported an average cost per available seat mile of 9.85 cents. Low unit costs allow us to offer fares low enough to stimulate
new demand and to attract customers away from higher-priced competitors.
The
key to our low unit costs is the high productivity of our assets and our employees. Some of the factors that contribute to our low unit costs are:
-
-
We utilize our aircraft efficiently
. For the year ended December 31, 2003, each of our aircraft operated an average of
13.0 hours per day, which we believe was higher than any major U.S. airline. By using our aircraft more efficiently than other airlines, we are able to spread our fixed costs over a greater
number of flights and available seat miles. We achieve high aircraft utilization in several ways. We operate a number of "red eye" flights, which enable a portion of our fleet to remain productive
through the night. In addition, our aircraft are scheduled with minimum ground time to avoid unnecessary time spent at airport gates. Quick, efficient airport turns increase the number of daily
flights per aircraft.
-
-
Our workforce is productive
. We take great care to hire and train employees who are enthusiastic and committed to serving our
customers and we incentivize them to be productive. Our employee productivity is created by greater fleet commonality, fewer unproductive labor work
7
rules,
use of part-time employees and the effective use of advanced technology. For example, most of our reservation sales agents work from their homes, providing us better scheduling
flexibility and allowing employees to customize their desired schedules. Our compensation packages are designed to align the interests of our employees with our stockholders.
-
-
We have low distribution costs
. Our distribution costs are low for several reasons. Unlike the major U.S. airlines that use a
combination of ticketless travel and paper tickets, we do not use any paper tickets. Ticketless travel saves paper costs, postage, employee time and back-office processing expense. In
addition, we believe customers who book ticketless travel are more likely to book directly with the airline rather than through a travel agent. Direct bookings by our customers save computer
reservation systems fees. For the year ended December 31, 2003, 73.0% of our sales were booked on www.jetblue.com, our least expensive form of distribution, and 24.6% were booked through our
reservation agents.
-
-
We currently operate only one type of aircraft, with a single class of service
. Operating a fleet of identical aircraft leads
to increased cost savings as maintenance issues are simplified, spare parts inventory requirements are reduced, scheduling is more efficient and training costs are lower. A single class of service
simplifies our operations, enhances productivity, increases our capacity and offers an operating cost advantage. We consider the addition of the EMBRAER 190 aircraft in 2005, although a second fleet
type, to be an extension of our business strategy. With a seating capacity of 100, which is larger than other airlines' regional jets, this new aircraft should enable us to continue to achieve low
operating costs per available seat mile. Operating only two fleet types should result in lower costs than operating a more diverse fleet. Moreover, although we will lose some of the cost efficiencies
associated with operating only one aircraft type, we believe that the additional market opportunities provided by this new aircraft will outweigh these additional costs.
New Aircraft Fleet.
By using our strong capital base, we have been able to acquire a fleet of new
aircraft. This has set JetBlue apart from most other low-fare airlines, both new and established, as many new entrants in the airline industry during the last 10 years began flying
with a fleet of used aircraft.
We
currently operate 55 Airbus A320 aircraft, all of which were delivered to us new, and we are now the sixth largest A320 operator in the world as measured by weekly departures. The
A320 is
fuel-efficient and very reliable. Since our initial public offering in April 2002, we have completed 99.5% of our scheduled flights and our on-time performance was
84.5%. These statistics illustrate the dedication of our employees and the reliability of the A320 aircraft. The A320 is also a versatile aircraft. We fly the A320 in short-haul markets,
such as between JFK and upstate New York and Vermont, as well as in long-haul markets, such as between JFK and California.
JetBlue
is the launch customer of the all-new 100-seat EMBRAER 190 aircraft, which incorporates advanced design features, such as integrated avionics,
fly-by-wire flight controls and the efficient GE Aircraft Engines' CF34-10 engines. The EMBRAER 190 is expected to have a range of approximately 2,100 nautical
miles enabling it to fly a wide range of markets from short-haul to certain long-haul markets. We view the EMBRAER 190 order as an opportunity to augment our growth strategy by
penetrating the mid-sized market segment, which we define as those markets with between 100 and 600 local passengers per day each way, and is a significant segment of the U.S. domestic
market. We believe that many mid-sized markets are underserved and/or have high average fares. We plan to use this aircraft to stimulate demand in these markets by offering our low fare,
point-to-point service, as well as to increase frequency on our existing routes and between existing destinations. With the EMBRAER 190 aircraft, we also expect to be able to
offer sufficient frequency in new markets with the ability to upgrade to the larger Airbus A320 aircraft as demand grows.
8
All
of our aircraft are equipped with leather seats in a comfortable single class layout. The Airbus A320 has a wider cabin than both the Boeing 737 and 757, two comparable types of
aircraft operated by many of our competitors. The EMBRAER 190 is expected to feature 100 leather seats, which will be wider than those currently in use in our A320s, in an all-coach,
two-by-two seating configuration with free LiveTV and 32 inches between rows of seats. We also continually search for ways to improve our operating performance and safety
features. For example, we have equipped our fleet with life rafts, life vests and high frequency radios, which often enables us to avoid weather-related congestion on the East Coast by flying farther
out over the Atlantic Ocean between New York and Florida.
Strong Brand.
We believe that we have made significant progress in establishing a strong brand that
helps to distinguish us from our competitors by identifying us as a safe, reliable, low-fare airline that is focused on customer service and that provides an enjoyable flying experience.
We were voted the number one domestic airline in both the
Conde Nast Traveler
2003 and 2002 Readers' Choice Awards out of all U.S. airlines and received
the highest score of any airline in the
Conde Nast Traveler
2003 Business Traveler Awards "coach-only" category. During 2003, we were also
named the number two domestic airline in the
Travel and Leisure
2003 World's Best Awards and the "best value for cost". To further enhance our brand
loyalty, we implemented our customer loyalty program, TrueBlue Flight Gratitude, in June 2002, which had over 1.1 million members as of December 31, 2003.
Strong Company Culture.
We believe that we have created a strong and vibrant service-oriented company
culture, which is built around our five key values: safety, caring, integrity, fun and passion. The first step is hiring people who are friendly, helpful, team-oriented and
customer-focused. We reinforce our culture through an extensive orientation program for new employees and by explaining to our employees the importance of customer service and the need to remain
productive and keep our costs low. We communicate actively on a regular basis with all of our employees, keep them informed about events at the company and solicit feedback for ways to improve
teamwork and their working environment. We also provide extensive training for our employees, including a leadership program, which we began in 2003, and other training which emphasizes the importance
of safety.
Well-Positioned in New York, the Nation's Largest Travel Market.
Our primary base of
operations at New York's JFK airport provides us access to a market of over 21 million potential customers in the New York metropolitan area and approximately six million potential customers
within 15 miles of the airport. Our location at JFK allows us to provide reliable service to our customers. JFK generally only experiences congestion from the late afternoon to the early evening when
international traffic and the domestic traffic that feeds it are at their peak. This period, from 3:00 p.m. to 7:59 p.m., is regulated by the FAA's High Density Rule, which requires a
slot or slot exemption for every landing and takeoff. While we have 75 daily slot exemptions at JFK that allow us to fly during this congested period, we schedule approximately two-thirds
of our JFK flights outside of this period.
JFK's
infrastructure, which includes four runways, larger facilities and a direct light-rail connection to the New York subway system and Long Island Rail Road with the
recently opened Airtrain, provides us with operational efficiencies which we believe have contributed to our profitability. We currently plan to start limited service out of LaGuardia Airport, which
will increase our access to the New York market, but will result in more flight delays due to the greater congestion associated with this airport.
Proven Management Team.
We are led by a management team with significant airline industry experience,
including experience at successful low-cost, customer-focused airlines, such as Southwest Airlines. The average airline industry experience of our top four executive officers is in excess
of 20 years. Our Chief Executive Officer, David Neeleman, was the president and one of the founders of Morris Air, a successful low-fare start-up airline that was
acquired by Southwest Airlines in 1993. Mr. Neeleman was also instrumental in developing the Open Skies reservation system and in founding WestJet, a leading low-fare airline in
Canada. David Barger, our President and Chief Operating Officer, was vice president in charge of Continental Airlines' Newark hub from 1994 to 1998, and has
9
extensive
experience managing airline operations in the New York area. He also has substantial experience working closely with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates all three
major New York airports. Our Chief Financial Officer, John Owen, was treasurer of Southwest Airlines from 1984 to 1998, where he gained extensive experience in aircraft purchase, lease and financing
transactions. Thomas Kelly, our Executive Vice President and Secretary, has worked with David Neeleman for over 18 years and served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel of both
Morris Air and Open Skies.
Advanced Technology.
As a new airline, we have made use of advanced technology in many ways. For
instance, all of our pilots use laptop computers in the cockpit to calculate the weight and balance and takeoff performance of the aircraft prior to departure. These laptops also allow our pilots to
access manuals in an electronic format during the flight. We believe that only a limited number of airlines in the world have this pilot laptop capability. In addition, all of our travel is ticketless
and we strongly emphasize bookings through our website. We are also the only domestic airline to have cabin security cameras standard in our aircraft. In 2002, we introduced customer
self-service kiosks at JFK, Long Beach, Oakland and Fort Lauderdale, and in 2004 we upgraded this technology and plan to make it available at most other locations. During 2003, we
implemented an automated system to enhance our speed and quality of recovery during irregular operations, which enables us to efficiently reschedule flights and crews.
Competition and Our Industry
The airline industry is highly competitive. Airline profits are sensitive to adverse changes in fuel costs, average fare levels and passenger demand. Passenger
demand and fare levels have historically been influenced by, among other things, the general state of the economy, international events, industry capacity and pricing actions taken by other airlines.
The principal competitive factors in the airline industry are fare pricing, customer service, routes served, flight schedules, types of aircraft, safety record and reputation, code-sharing
relationships, in-flight entertainment systems and frequent flyer programs.
Our
competitors and potential competitors include major U.S. airlines, low-fare airlines, regional airlines and new entrant airlines. The major airlines are larger, generally
have greater financial resources and serve more routes than we do. They also use some of the same advanced technologies that we do, such as ticketless travel, laptop computers and website bookings.
Industry Segments.
The passenger airline industry in the United States has traditionally been
dominated by the major U.S. airlines, the largest of which are American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Northwest Airlines, Southwest Airlines, United Air Lines and US Airways. The
DOT defines the major U.S. airlines as those airlines with annual revenues of over $1 billion, which currently consists of 12 passenger airlines. The major U.S. airlines offer scheduled flights
to most large cities within the United States and abroad and also serve numerous smaller cities. Most major U.S. airlines have adopted the "hub and spoke" route system. This system concentrates most
of an airline's operations at a limited number of hub cities, serving most other destinations in the system by providing one-stop or connecting service through the hub.
Regional
airlines, such as SkyWest Airlines and Mesa Airlines, typically operate smaller aircraft on lower-volume routes than major U.S. airlines. In contrast to low-fare
airlines, regional airlines generally do not try to establish an independent route system to compete with the major U.S. airlines. Rather, regional airlines typically enter into relationships with one
or more major U.S. airlines under which the regional airline agrees to use its smaller aircraft to carry passengers booked and ticketed by the major U.S. airline between a hub of the major airline and
a smaller outlying city.
10
Low-fare airlines largely developed in the wake of deregulation of the U.S. airline industry in 1978, which permitted competition on many routes for the first time. There are
three low-fare major U.S. airlines. Southwest Airlines, the largest low-fare major U.S. airline, pioneered the low-cost model by operating a single aircraft fleet
with high utilization, being highly productive in the use of its people and assets, providing a simplified fare structure and offering only a single class of seating. This enabled Southwest to offer
fares that were significantly lower than those charged by other major U.S. airlines.
During
the 1980s, industry consolidation, rapid increases in multi-type aircraft fleets, increases in labor costs and development of the "hub and spoke" system caused the
cost structures of the major U.S. airlines to rise substantially. Although a number of low-fare airlines were created during the 1980s, most of them eventually failed, primarily due to
under-capitalization or flawed business plans. In the early 1990s, the domestic airline industry suffered substantial financial losses due to adverse economic conditions and reduced demand for air
travel. The turmoil in the airline industry in the early 1990s created an opportunity for a new generation of low-fare airlines. Entrepreneurs capitalized on the availability of surplus
aircraft, recently unemployed, experienced aviation professionals and airports with unused capacity.
While
Southwest remains the largest low-fare airline today, other low-fare airlines have also been able to offer substantially lower fares than the major U.S.
airlines, especially following the economic downturn which started in early 2001 and was magnified by the September 11
th
, 2001 terrorist attacks. Low-fare airlines
have been able to compete because of their low-cost structures and have been able to stimulate demand by attracting fare-conscious leisure and business passengers who might
have otherwise used alternative forms of transportation or not traveled at all. As a result, low-fare airlines with an acceptable level of service and frequency have seen a migration of
travelers away from the major U.S. airlines. These trends have contributed to significant growth in the low-fare airline sector, with low-fare airline market share increasing
67% in the last five years to over 20% of domestic capacity.
Recent Developments.
In response to the growing market share of the low-fare airlines,
some major airlines are seeking to emulate the low-cost business model by creating their own low-fare operations. Delta Air Lines launched its low-fare airline,
Song, in April 2003 and United Airlines announced that it will commence operations of its low-fare airline, Ted, in 2004. These airlines within an airline are intended to be more
cost-competitive and provide a distinct brand and customer experience. Certain major airlines have attempted to create low-fare operations in the past. While most of these past
attempts have been unsuccessful primarily due to the major airlines' inability to match the low costs achieved by the low-fare carriers they are seeking to emulate, we cannot predict
whether the present initiatives will prove more successful, which could result in increased competition.
Industry
forecasts for 2004 anticipate capacity increases of approximately 7% over 2003. We have seen added capacity in many of our new markets, especially in the New
YorkCalifornia markets. This increased capacity and the highly competitive nature of the airline industry could prevent us from attaining the passenger traffic required to maintain
profitable operations in new markets. For example, when we began service from Atlanta during 2003 there were 14 total daily flights between Atlanta and the Los Angeles area. Following our entry,
competitors significantly increased service and lowered fares so that by the end of August there were 24 flights a day between Atlanta and the Los Angeles area, resulting in our exiting the Atlanta
market and redeploying our aircraft to more profitable routes. We have also encountered intensive price competition with our competitors matching our fares or offering price discounts, targeted sale
promotions or frequent flyer travel initiatives, all of which are usually matched by other airlines in order to protect their market share. Most recently, American Airlines initiated an unprecedented
offer, which was later substantially matched by Delta Air Lines and United Air Lines, for a free round trip ticket anywhere they fly with the purchase of two round trip tickets in certain markets in
which they compete directly with us. Our response was to lower fares in these markets.
11
Other Factors.
Since deregulation of the airline industry in 1978, there has been continuing
consolidation in the domestic airline industry. Further consolidation in the industry could result in a greater concentration of assets and resources among the major U.S. airlines. The more recent
trend is the formation of marketing alliances. These alliances generally provide for code-sharing, frequent flyer program reciprocity, coordinated flight schedules that provide for
convenient connections and other joint marketing activities. These alliances also permit an airline to market flights operated by other alliance airlines as its own. The benefits of broad networks
offered to customers could attract more customers to these networks. We do not currently participate in any marketing alliances, interline or offer joint fares with other airlines, nor do we have any
commuter feeder relationships.
The
airline industry also faces competition from ground transportation alternatives. Video teleconferencing and other methods of electronic communication may add a new dimension of
competition to the industry as business travelers seek lower-cost substitutes for air travel.
Routes and Schedules
We currently provide non-stop service from JFK to 18 cities in nine states and one city in Puerto Rico. The following table sets forth our weekday
flight schedule from JFK as of February 11, 2004:
Destination
|
|
Round Trip Flights
Scheduled Per Day
|
|
Service Commenced
|
|
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
|
|
13
|
|
February 2000
|
|
Buffalo, New York
|
|
5
|
|
February 2000
|
|
Tampa, Florida
|
|
6
|
|
March 2000
|
|
Orlando, Florida
|
|
7
|
|
June 2000
|
|
Ontario, California
|
|
1
|
|
July 2000
|
|
Oakland, California
|
|
7
|
|
August 2000
|
|
Rochester, New York
|
|
4
|
|
August 2000
|
|
Burlington, Vermont
|
|
3
|
|
September 2000
|
|
West Palm Beach, Florida
|
|
7
|
|
October 2000
|
|
Salt Lake City, Utah
|
|
1
|
|
November 2000
|
|
Fort Myers, Florida
|
|
5
|
|
November 2000
|
|
Seattle, Washington
|
|
1
|
|
May 2001
|
|
Syracuse, New York
|
|
3
|
|
May 2001
|
|
Denver, Colorado
|
|
1
|
|
May 2001
|
|
New Orleans, Louisiana
|
|
1
|
|
July 2001
|
|
Long Beach, California
|
|
6
|
|
August 2001
|
|
San Juan, Puerto Rico
|
|
4
|
|
May 2002
|
|
Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|
4
|
|
November 2002
|
|
San Diego, California
|
|
3
|
|
June 2003
|
Later
in February 2004, we expect to add a fifth daily flight to Las Vegas, one additional daily flight to West Palm Beach and Fort Myers, two additional daily flights to Orlando
and three additional daily flights to Fort Lauderdale. We are the leading carrier in number of flights flown per day between the New York metropolitan area and Fort Lauderdale, the
most-traveled route in the nation as measured by the average number of passengers flown per day.
12
The
following table sets forth our weekday flight schedule from our West Coast base of operations, Long Beach, as of February 11, 2004, for destinations other than JFK and Boston:
Destination
|
|
Round Trip Flights
Scheduled Per Day
|
|
Service Commenced
|
|
Washington, D.C. (Dulles Airport)
|
|
3
|
|
May 2002
|
|
Oakland, California
|
|
6
|
|
September 2002
|
|
Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|
2
|
|
October 2002
|
|
Salt Lake City, Utah
|
|
1
|
|
October 2002
|
|
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
|
|
1
|
|
May 2003
|
In
November 2001, we initiated twice-daily non-stop service from Dulles Airport to Fort Lauderdale, which was increased to three daily flights in
September 2003. In May 2002, we initiated twice-daily service from Dulles to Oakland.
Our
weekday flight schedule from Boston, Massachusetts, our 22nd city, includes the following as of February 11, 2004:
Destination
|
|
Round Trip Flights
Scheduled Per Day
|
|
Service Commenced
|
|
Orlando, Florida
|
|
4
|
|
January 2004
|
|
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
|
|
2
|
|
January 2004
|
|
Tampa, Florida
|
|
2
|
|
January 2004
|
|
Denver, Colorado
|
|
1
|
|
January 2004
|
|
Long Beach, California
|
|
2
|
|
January 2004
|
Our
objective is to schedule a sufficient number of flights per day on each route to satisfy demand for our low-fare service. Since inception, we have flown over
19 million passengers and have become JFK's largest domestic airline measured by passenger boardings. In selecting future markets, we intend to continue to follow this strategy of providing
service primarily to underserved markets with high average fares. In addition, we will seek opportunities to offer point-to-point service between our existing cities.
High Quality Customer Service
We devote a great deal of time and attention to hiring employees who will treat customers in a friendly and respectful manner. The importance of providing caring
customer service is also emphasized in training. In addition, our policies and procedures are designed to be customer-friendly. For example:
-
-
all
seats are pre-assigned;
-
-
all
travel is ticketless;
-
-
our
policy is not to overbook flights;
-
-
fares
are low and based on one-way travel;
-
-
no
Saturday night stay is required; and
-
-
change
fees are only $25 per passenger, compared with amounts of $75 to $100 charged by most major U.S. airlines, except in certain markets where our competitors have
matched our fee.
Our
focus on customers is also evidenced by our fleet of all new aircraft with roomy leather seats, each equipped with free DIRECTV® and comfortable legroom. As part of our
continuing effort to improve customers' flying experience, we removed one row of seats on our A320 aircraft during the fourth quarter of 2003. We now offer more legroom with 34 inches between seats
throughout the aircraft except for nine rows in the front of the aircraft, which remain at 32 inches. In our commitment to innovation, during 2004 we plan to add up to 100 channels of digital
satellite radio by XM Satellite
13
Radio
and movie channels featuring first-run movies, television shows, sports and news programming plus other original entertainment developed by News Corporation's Fox Entertainment
Group. Later this year, we plan to make traveling on JetBlue even more convenient by making check-in available on our website for customers without checked baggage.
Our
customer commitment is also demonstrated by our reliable operational performance. For the year ended December 31, 2003, based on our data compared to the major U.S. airlines:
-
-
our
completion factor of 99.5% was higher than any of the major U.S. airlines, which had an average completion factor of 98.6%, according to the DOT;
-
-
our
on-time performance of 84.3% was higher than the average of 81.6% for the major U.S. airlines, and was second only to Southwest Airlines, according to the
DOT;
-
-
our
incidence of delayed, mishandled or lost bags of 3.21 per 1,000 customers was the third lowest as compared to the major U.S. airlines, which had an average of 4.04
delayed, mishandled or lost bags per 1,000 customers, according to the DOT; and
-
-
our
rate of customer complaints to the DOT per 100,000 passengers of 0.31 was the third lowest as compared to the major U.S. airlines, which had an average of 0.68
complaints, according to the DOT.
Safety and Security
We are dedicated to ensuring the safety and security of our customers and employees. We have taken numerous measures, voluntarily and as required by regulatory
authorities, to increase both the safety and security of our operations since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
Our
ongoing focus on safety relies on hiring the best people and training them to proper standards. Safety in the workplace targets five areas of our operation: flight operations,
maintenance, inflight, dispatch and customer service. Further, we emphasize both occupational and environmental safety across our network. We have begun voluntary assessment programs in collaboration
with the Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, including Aviation Safety Action Program and Flight Operational Quality Assurance data gathering. These voluntary programs are the result of FAA
sponsored initiatives to raise safety performance through awareness of safety trends in the workplace. In addition, we have recently partnered with Alertness Solutions to develop and implement an
Alertness Management Program to educate our pilots about known fatigue factors in aviation operations.
The
Aviation and Transportation Security Act, or the Aviation Security Act, was enacted in November 2001 and federalized substantially all aspects of civil aviation security and
required, among other things, the creation of the Transportation Security Administration, or the TSA, to oversee all aviation security, and the implementation of certain security measures by airlines
and airports, such as the requirement that all passenger bags be screened for explosives. Funding for airline and airport security under the law is primarily provided by a $2.50 per enplanement ticket
tax, with authority granted to the TSA to impose additional fees on the air carriers if necessary to cover additional federal aviation security costs. Effective February 2002, the TSA imposed
an annual Security Infrastructure Fee based on our 2000 security costs. Beginning October 2004, the TSA may revise the way it assesses this fee, which could result in increased costs for us.
Since
September 11, 2001, we have voluntarily implemented additional security measures, including the following:
-
-
implementation
of a systemwide positive bag match program;
-
-
installation
of replacement cockpit doors prior to April 2003 to meet the new FAA mandated design;
14
-
-
installation
of four cabin security cameras on each aircraft with a live video feed to the cockpit crew;
-
-
creation
of a new officer position, Vice President for Security; and
-
-
construction
of additional security screening check points at our JFK terminal.
In
addition to these voluntary measures, we have complied fully with all new FAA and TSA security requirements and will continue to abide by all future security enhancement requirements.
Marketing and Distribution
Our primary marketing strategy is to attract new customers by widely communicating our value proposition that low fares and quality air travel need not be
mutually exclusive. We market our services through advertising and promotions in newspapers, magazines, television and radio, and through targeted public relations and promotional efforts. We have
also relied on word-of-mouth to promote our brand. In 2004, we plan to launch Company Blue, a corporate travel booking program, which should allow us to penetrate the managed
business travel segment by offering corporate managers the ability to better track, record and report on their company's' travel expenses.
We
generally run special promotions in coordination with the inauguration of service into new markets. Starting approximately five weeks before the launch of a new route, we typically
undertake a major advertising campaign in the target market and local media attention frequently focuses on the introduction of our low fares.
In
order to attract customers to our website, we run promotions that provide discounts to customers who book reservations on www.jetblue.com. The percentage of our total sales booked on
our website continues to increase and averaged 73.0% for the year ended December 31, 2003. Our second largest distribution channel is our reservation agents who account for 24.6% of our sales.
This distribution mix creates significant cost savings for us and enables us to continue to build loyalty with our customers through increased interaction with them. Effective April 24, 2002,
we eliminated commissions to travel agents, following most major airlines, which has not affected our overall bookings.
Customer Loyalty Program
JetBlue's customer loyalty program, TrueBlue Flight Gratitude, was launched in June 2002 and is an online program designed to reward and recognize our most
loyal customers. The program offers incentives to increase travel on JetBlue and provides our customers with additional conveniences and features. TrueBlue members earn points for each
one-way trip flown based on the length of the trip. A free round trip award to any JetBlue destination is earned after attaining 100 points within a consecutive twelve-month period. Awards
are automatically generated and are valid for one year. Points are accumulated in an account for each member and expire after twelve months.
The
number of estimated travel awards outstanding at December 31, 2003 was approximately 58,000 awards and includes an estimate for partially earned awards. The number of travel
awards used on JetBlue during 2003 was approximately 21,000 which represented less than half of one percent of our total revenue passenger miles for that year. Due to the structure of the program and
low level of redemptions as a percentage of total travel, the displacement of revenue passengers by passengers using TrueBlue awards has been minimal to date.
Pricing
Our low cost structure allows us to offer simplified, everyday low fares to our customers. We offer a range of fares, including 14-day,
7-day and 3-day advance purchase fares and a "walkup" fare in each of our markets. Our fares increase as the number of days prior to travel decreases, with our highest
15
"walkup"
fare generally at approximately twice the amount of our lowest 14-day advance purchase fare. Most major U.S. airlines have numerous fares carrying multiple, complex restrictions
in any given market, many of which require a non-refundable advance purchase and a Saturday night stay in order to get lower fares. In contrast, we have only six basic fares. All of our
fares are one-way and never require a Saturday night stay. However, our competitors have generally changed their restrictions to match ours in markets in which they compete with us. Our
fares must be purchased at the time of reservation and are non-refundable, but any booking can be changed or cancelled prior to departure for only a $25 change fee. Based on published
fares at our time of entry, our advance purchase fares have been 30%-40% below those existing in markets prior to our entry, while our "walk-up" fares have been generally
60%-70% below major U.S. airlines' unrestricted "full coach" fares.
Yield Management
Yield management is an integrated set of business processes that provides us with the ability to understand markets, anticipate customer behavior and respond
quickly to opportunities. We use yield management in an effort to maximize passenger revenues by flight, by market and across our entire system while maintaining high load factors.
The
number of seats offered at each fare is established through a continual process of forecasting, optimization and competitive analysis. Generally, past booking history and seasonal
trends are used to forecast anticipated demand. These historical forecasts are combined with current bookings, upcoming events, competitive pressures and other factors to establish a mix of fares that
is designed to maximize revenue. Like the major U.S. airlines, we employ a yield management system with sophisticated forecasting and optimization models to rapidly perform the economic tradeoffs
required to determine the allocation of the number of seats available at different fares. This ability to accurately adjust seat allocations based on fluctuating demand patterns allows us to balance
loads and capture more revenue from existing capacity.
While
our yields were lower than all of the major U.S. airlines due to our low fares and longer average passenger trip length, our load factor of 84.5% for the year ended
December 31, 2003 was higher than that of any major U.S. airline even though we have a policy of not overbooking our flights. We believe effective yield management has contributed to our strong
financial performance and is a key to our continued success.
People
We believe that one of the factors differentiating us from our competitors is the high-quality service provided to our customers by our employees,
whom we refer to as crewmembers. Experience indicates that our customers return not only because we offer low fares, but also because we provide them with a more enjoyable air travel experience.
Hiring the best people and treating them as we expect our customers to be treated are essential to achieving this goal.
Full-time
equivalent employees at December 31, 2003 consisted of 684 pilots, 1,002 flight attendants, 1,486 customer service and ramp operations personnel, 282
technicians, whom others refer to as mechanics, 467 reservation agents, and 1,091 management and other personnel. At December 31, 2003, we employed 4,704 full-time and 849
part-time employees. Our employees are not unionized.
We
enter into an individual employment agreement with each of our FAA-licensed employees, which include pilots, dispatchers and technicians. Each employment agreement is for
a term of five years and automatically renews for an additional five-year term unless either the
employee or we elect not to renew it by giving notice at least 90 days before the end of the initial term. Pursuant to these agreements, these employees can only be terminated for cause. In the
event of a downturn in our business, we are obligated to pay these employees a guaranteed level of income and to continue their benefits if they do not obtain other aviation employment. In addition,
in the event we are sold to or consolidate with another company, we must request that the successor company place these employees on a preferential hiring list. If such employees are not hired by the
successor company, in some cases they will be entitled to a severance payment of up to one year's salary.
16
We believe that we carefully select, train and maintain a productive workforce of caring, passionate, fun and friendly people who want to provide our customers with the best flying
experience possible. We assist our employees by offering them flexible work hours, initial paid training, free uniforms and benefits that begin on the date they start work. We also provide extensive
training for our pilots, flight attendants, technicians, customer service agents, dispatchers and reservation agents which emphasizes the importance of safety. Following the September 11, 2001
terrorist attacks, we reinforced our commitment to our employees by not furloughing or terminating any of our employees. In 2003, we began leadership training for our all our supervisors and managers
because having the right leaders in place across our organization is important to ensure our employees have the right tools and skills to support our customers.
Part
of our business plan is to reward our people by allowing them to share in our success and align personal successes with those of JetBlue. Our compensation packages include
competitive salaries, wages and benefits, profit sharing and an employee stock purchase plan. In addition, a significant number of our employees, including FAA-licensed employees,
participate in our stock option plan. We review our compensation packages on a regular basis in an effort to ensure that we remain competitive and are able to hire and retain the best people possible.
Maintenance
We have an FAA-approved maintenance program, which is administered by our technical operations department. Consistent with our core value of safety,
we hire qualified maintenance personnel, provide them with comprehensive training and maintain our aircraft and associated maintenance records in accordance with FAA regulations.
The
maintenance performed on our aircraft can be divided into three general categories: line maintenance, maintenance checks, and component overhaul and repair. Line maintenance consists
of routine daily and weekly scheduled maintenance checks on our aircraft, including pre-flight, daily, weekly and overnight checks, and any diagnostics and routine repairs. Although the
majority of our line maintenance is performed by our own technicians, in certain circumstances we subcontract our line maintenance to outside organizations.
Maintenance
checks consist of more complex inspections and servicing of the aircraft that cannot be accomplished during an overnight visit. These checks occur at least every
15 months and can range in duration from a few days to approximately a month, depending on the magnitude of the work prescribed in the particular check. We utilize Air Canada to perform our
maintenance checks under the
oversight of our personnel. Our first scheduled heavy airframe structural inspection occurred in December 2003.
Component
overhaul and repair involves sending engines and certain parts, such as, landing gear and avionics, to third party FAA-approved maintenance repair stations for
repair or overhaul. We utilize Pratt and Whitney, MTU, Rolls Royce East Kilbride and IHI, four of the joint venture partners who build our engines, for overhaul and repair of our engines.
17
Aircraft Fuel
Fuel costs are our second-largest operating expense. We contract with a third party to provide fuel management services and negotiate with suppliers to provide
fuel at the many locations we serve. The following chart summarizes our fuel consumption and costs:
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
|
|
Gallons consumed, in thousands
|
|
|
173,157
|
|
|
105,515
|
|
|
55,095
|
|
|
Total cost, in thousands
|
|
$
|
147,316
|
|
$
|
76,271
|
|
$
|
41,666
|
|
|
Average price per gallon (cents)
|
|
|
85.08
|
|
|
72.28
|
|
|
75.63
|
|
|
Percent of operating expenses
|
|
|
17.8
|
%
|
|
14.4
|
%
|
|
14.2
|
%
|
Total
cost and average price per gallon each exclude taxes and fueling services.
Fuel
costs are extremely volatile, as they are subject to many global economic and geopolitical factors that we can neither control nor accurately predict. In 2001, we implemented a fuel
hedging program under which we enter into crude oil option contracts and swap agreements to partially protect against significant increases in fuel prices. We cannot assure you that our fuel hedging
program is sufficient to protect us against significant increases in the price of fuel. Significant increases in fuel costs would have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
LiveTV, LLC
In September 2002, we purchased all of the membership interests of LiveTV, LLC. LiveTV provides in-flight entertainment systems for commercial
aircraft. LiveTV's assets include the tangible equipment installed on JetBlue aircraft, spare parts in inventory and rights to all the patents and intellectual property used for live
in-seat satellite television, XM Satellite Radio service, wireless aircraft data link service, cabin surveillance systems and Internet services. LiveTV's major competitors include Rockwell
Collins, Thales Avionics, Boeing Connexion and Matsushita Avionics. None of these competitors are currently providing in-seat live television, except for Matsushita who began providing
this service in the fourth quarter of 2003.
LiveTV
has contracts for the sale of certain hardware and installation, programming and maintenance of its live in-seat satellite television system with Frontier Airlines and
WestJet Airlines, and is pursuing additional customers. The contract with WestJet is subject to design approval from the FAA and Transport Canada.
Government Regulation
General.
We are subject to regulation by the DOT, the FAA, the TSA and other governmental agencies.
The DOT primarily regulates economic issues affecting air service, such as certification and fitness, insurance, consumer protection and competitive practices. The DOT has the authority to investigate
and institute proceedings to enforce its economic regulations and may assess civil penalties, revoke operating authority and seek criminal sanctions. In February 2000, the DOT granted us a
certificate of public convenience and necessity authorizing us to engage in air transportation within the United States, its territories and possessions.
The
FAA primarily regulates flight operations and in particular, matters affecting air safety, such as airworthiness requirements for aircraft and pilot, mechanic, dispatcher and flight
attendant certification. The civil aviation security functions of the FAA were transferred to the TSA under the Aviation Security Act. The FAA requires each airline to obtain an operating certificate
authorizing the airline to operate at specific airports using specified equipment. We have and maintain FAA certificates of airworthiness for all of our aircraft and have the necessary FAA authority
to fly to all of the cities that
18
we
currently serve. Like all U.S. certified carriers, we cannot fly to new destinations without the prior authorization of the FAA. The FAA has the authority to modify, suspend temporarily or revoke
permanently our authority to provide air transportation or that of our licensed personnel, after providing notice and a hearing, for failure to comply with FAA regulations. The FAA can assess civil
penalties for such failures or institute proceedings for the imposition and collection of monetary fines for the violation of certain FAA regulations. The FAA can revoke our authority to provide air
transportation on an emergency basis, without providing notice and a hearing, where significant safety issues are involved. The FAA monitors our compliance with maintenance, flight operations and
safety regulations, maintains onsite representatives and performs frequent spot inspections of our aircraft, employees and records.
The
FAA also has the authority to issue maintenance directives and other mandatory orders relating to, among other things, inspection of aircraft and engines, fire retardant and smoke
detection devices, increased security precautions, collision and windshear avoidance systems, noise abatement and the mandatory removal and replacement of aircraft parts that have failed or may fail
in the future.
We
believe that we are operating in material compliance with DOT, FAA and TSA regulations and hold all necessary operating and airworthiness authorizations and certificates. In
February 2003, we successfully completed our third DOT financial, managerial fitness and safety compliance review and received approval to increase the number of aircraft we are allowed to
operate to up to 70 aircraft through March 2005. As the size of our fleet increases, we anticipate the submission of another application to the FAA and the DOT requesting authorization to
operate additional aircraft. A modification, suspension or revocation of any of our DOT or FAA authorizations or certificates could materially adversely affect our business.
The
TSA operates under the Department of Homeland Security and is responsible for all civil aviation security, including passenger and baggage screening, cargo security measures, airport
security, assessment and distribution of intelligence, and security research and development. The TSA also has law enforcement powers and the authority to issue regulations, including in cases of
national emergency, without a notice or comment period.
Environmental.
We are subject to various federal, state and local laws relating to the protection of
the environment, including the discharge or disposal of materials and chemicals and the regulation of aircraft noise, which are administered by numerous state and federal agencies. Prior to our
governmental certification, our projected operations, particularly at JFK, were studied in an FAA
environmental assessment. The assessment was conducted for the FAA as part of the issuance of our operating and airworthiness authorizations and certificates, as well as for the DOT in conjunction
with the granting of our slot exemption request at JFK. The finding of the assessment was that the environmental impact of our proposed operations would be
de
minimis
.
The
Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 recognizes the right of airport operators with special noise problems to implement local noise abatement procedures as long as those procedures
do not interfere unreasonably with the interstate and foreign commerce of the national air transportation system. Certain airports, including San Diego and Long Beach, have established restrictions to
limit noise, which can include limits on the number of hourly or daily operations and the time of such operations. These limitations serve to protect the local noise-sensitive communities surrounding
the airport. Our scheduled flights at Long Beach and San Diego are in full compliance with the noise curfew limits, but when we experience irregular operations, on occasion we violate these curfews.
Effective July 2003, we agreed to a payment structure with the Long Beach City Prosecutor for any future violations, which will be paid quarterly to the Long Beach Public Library Foundation and
will be based on the number of infractions in the preceding quarter. We do not believe this local ordinance will have a negative effect on our operations.
19
Airport Access.
JFK is one of three airports in the United States subject to the High Density Rule
established by the FAA in 1968. The other airports subject to this rule are LaGuardia Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. This rule limits the number of scheduled flights at each of
the subject airports during specified periods of time. At JFK, there is a limit on the number of scheduled flights from 3:00 p.m. to 7:59 p.m. During this period, all scheduled
commercial aircraft, domestic and international, must possess an FAA-assigned slot or slot exemption in order to either arrive at or depart from JFK. Slots were created as a means of
managing congestion at specified airports. A slot is an authorization to take off or land at a designated airport within a specified time period. Slot exemptions were created under the 1994 Federal
Aviation Administration Authorization Act to enable qualified air carriers to fill voids in underserved markets and generate needed price competition in specific markets by obtaining access to
otherwise slot-restricted airports.
We
are able to operate at JFK throughout the day, including during the restricted slot-controlled period, as a result of the DOT granting our request for 75 daily slot
exemptions in September 1999 under the 1994 Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act. Unlike the FAA-assigned slots held by other airlines at JFK, our slot exemptions,
while functioning identically to an FAA-assigned slot, may not be sold, leased, rented or pledged. If we fail to maintain our use of a slot exemption, such slot exemption could be subject
to forfeiture.
The
only increase in domestic departures that can occur at JFK during the slot period is in the form of regional jet service to small and medium, non-hub airports by airlines
currently using fewer than 20 slots, which were legislatively exempt from the High Density Rule. These airlines are
eligible to receive, as we did, slot exemptions under the 1994 Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act, as modified by the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st
Century, signed into law in April 2000. The DOT and/or Congress could take action, administratively or legislatively, that could adversely impact our ability to operate at JFK. Under current
law, federal slot restrictions are scheduled to be eliminated at LaGuardia and JFK on January 1, 2007.
We
were recently granted 11 slot exemptions at LaGuardia Airport. If we are able to arrange for commercially feasible slot times with the FAA and obtain the necessary facilities from the
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, we anticipate initiating service in spring 2004.
Long
Beach Municipal Airport is also a slot-controlled airport. However, the slot regime at Long Beach Municipal Airport is not federally mandated, but rather is a result of
a 1995 court settlement. Under the settlement, there are a total of 41 daily non-commuter departure slots and a single slot is required for every commercial departure. Unlike several of
the airports subject to the federal High Density Rule, there are no plans to eliminate slot restrictions at the Long Beach Municipal Airport. In May 2001, we applied for, and were granted, the
27 daily departure slots then unallocated at Long Beach Municipal Airport.
In
2002, American Airlines and Alaska Airlines requested additional permanent slots from the City of Long Beach, which were no longer available. In April 2003, the FAA approved a
slot settlement agreement among the City of Long Beach, American Airlines, Alaska Airlines and JetBlue. The settlement resulted in us returning five of the 27 air carrier slots originally granted to
us, of which two were given to American and three to Alaska. The agreement also provides for a priority allocation procedure should supplemental slots above the 41 current slots become available. We
now operate 22 weekday roundtrip flights from Long Beach Municipal Airport. Of the 19 remaining non-commuter slots not assigned to us, 14 are used for domestic passenger service and five
are used by cargo operators.
Foreign Ownership.
Under federal law and the DOT regulations, we must be controlled by United States
citizens. In this regard, our president and at least two-thirds of our board of directors must be United States citizens and not more than 25% of our outstanding common stock may be voted
by non-U.S. citizens. We are currently in compliance with these ownership provisions.
20
Other Regulations.
All air carriers are also subject to certain provisions of the Communications Act
of 1934 because of their extensive use of radio and other communication facilities, and are required to obtain an aeronautical radio license from the Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC. To
the extent we are subject to FCC requirements, we will take all necessary steps to comply with those requirements.
Our
operations may become subject to additional federal requirements in the future under certain circumstances. For example, our labor relations are covered under Title II of the Railway
Labor Act of 1926 and are subject to the jurisdiction of the National Mediation Board. In addition, during a period of past fuel scarcity, air carrier access to jet fuel was subject to allocation
regulations promulgated by the Department of Energy. We are also subject to state and local laws and regulations at locations where we operate and the regulations of various local authorities that
operate the airports we serve.
Future Regulation.
Congress, the DOT, the FAA and other governmental agencies have under
consideration, and in the future may consider and adopt, new laws, regulations and policies regarding a wide variety of matters that could affect, directly or indirectly, our operations, ownership and
profitability. We cannot predict what other matters might be considered in the future by the FAA, the DOT or Congress, nor can we judge what impact, if any, the implementation of any future proposals
or changes might have on our business.
Civil Reserve Air Fleet.
We are a participant in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet Program which permits
the United States Department of Defense to utilize our aircraft during national emergencies when the need for military airlift exceeds the capability of military aircraft. By participating in this
program, we are eligible to bid on and be awarded peacetime airlift contracts with the military.
Risks Related to JetBlue
Our failure to successfully implement our growth strategy could harm our business.
Our
growth strategy involves increasing the frequency of flights to markets we currently serve, expanding the number of markets served and increasing flight connection opportunities.
Achieving our growth strategy is critical in order for our business to achieve economies of scale and to sustain or increase our profitability. Increasing the number of markets we serve depends on our
ability to access suitable airports located in our targeted geographic markets in a manner that is consistent with our cost strategy. We will also need to obtain additional gates at some of our
existing destinations. Any condition that would deny, limit or delay our access to airports we seek to serve in the future will constrain our ability to grow. Opening new markets requires us to commit
a substantial amount of resources, even before the new services commence. Expansion is also dependent upon our ability to maintain a safe and secure operation and will require additional personnel,
equipment and facilities as well as obtaining approval from the DOT and FAA to operate more than the currently approved 70 aircraft.
An
inability to hire and retain personnel, timely secure the required equipment and facilities in a cost-effective manner, efficiently operate our expanded facilities, or
obtain the necessary regulatory approvals may adversely affect our ability to achieve our growth strategy. In addition, our competitors have often chosen to add service, reduce their fares and/or
offer special promotions following our entry into a new market. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully
expand our existing markets or establish new markets in this increased competitive environment, and our failure to do so could harm our business.
Expansion
of our markets and services may also strain our existing management resources and operational, financial and management information systems to the point that they may no longer
be adequate to support our operations, requiring us to make significant expenditures in these areas. We expect that we will need to develop further financial, operational and management controls,
reporting systems and procedures to accommodate future growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to develop these controls, systems or procedures on a timely basis, and the failure to do so
could harm our business.
21
We currently compete with other airlines on all of our routes. Many of these airlines are larger and have greater financial resources and name recognition or
lower operating costs than we do. Several of these competitors have chosen to add service in some of our markets following our entry. As we expand our fleet, the extremely competitive nature of the
airline industry could prevent us from attaining the level of passenger traffic required to maintain profitable operations in new markets and impede our growth strategy, which would harm our business.
The
airline industry also encounters extensive price competition and is characterized by low profit margins and high fixed costs. Our ability to meet this price competition depends on,
among other things, our ability to operate at costs equal to or lower than our competitors. Price competition occurs through price discounting, fare matching, targeted sale promotions or frequent
flyer travel initiatives, all of which are usually matched by other airlines in order to maintain their level of passenger traffic. A relatively small change in pricing or in passenger traffic due to
other airlines' competitive actions could have a disproportionate effect on an airline's operating and financial results. Unanticipated shortfalls in expected revenues as a result of price competition
would negatively impact our financial results and harm our business.
We have a significant amount of fixed obligations and we will incur significantly more fixed obligations which could harm our ability to meet our growth
strategy.
As
of December 31, 2003, our debt of $1.11 billion accounted for 62.3% of our total capitalization. Most of our long-term and short-term debt has
floating interest rates. In addition to long-term debt, we have a significant amount of other fixed obligations under operating leases related to our aircraft, airport terminal space,
other airport facilities and office space. As of December 31, 2003, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year were
approximately $487 million for 2004 through 2008 and an aggregate of $589 million for the years thereafter.
As
of December 31, 2003, we had commitments of approximately $6.58 billion to purchase 199 additional aircraft and other flight equipment over the next eight years,
including estimated amounts for contractual price escalations. We also plan to construct several facilities over the next four years, including a terminal and hangar at JFK and a training facility and
hangar in Orlando, Florida. We will incur additional debt and other fixed obligations as we take delivery of new aircraft and other
equipment and continue to expand into new markets. We typically finance our aircraft through either secured debt or lease financing. Although we believe that debt and/or lease financing should be
available for our aircraft deliveries, we cannot assure you that we will be able to secure such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Our
high level of debt and other fixed obligations could:
-
-
impact
our ability to obtain additional financing to support capital expansion plans and for working capital and other purposes on acceptable terms or at all;
-
-
divert
substantial cash flow from our operations and expansion plans in order to service our fixed obligations;
-
-
require
us to incur significantly more interest or rent expense than we currently do, since most of our debt has floating interest rates and five of our aircraft leases have
variable-rate rent; and
-
-
place
us at a possible competitive disadvantage compared to less leveraged competitors and competitors that have better access to capital resources.
22
Our
ability to make scheduled payments on our debt and other fixed obligations will depend on our future operating performance and cash flow, which in turn will depend on prevailing
economic and political conditions and financial, competitive, regulatory, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate
sufficient cash flow from our operations to pay our debt and other fixed obligations as they become due, and our failure to do so could harm our business. If we are unable to make payments on our debt
and other fixed obligations, we could be forced to renegotiate those obligations or obtain additional equity or debt financing. To the extent we finance our activities with additional debt, we may
become subject to financial and other covenants that may restrict our ability to pursue our growth strategy. We cannot assure you that our renegotiation efforts would be successful or timely or that
we could refinance our obligations on acceptable terms, if at all.
Because the average age of our aircraft is approximately 21 months, our aircraft require less maintenance now than they will in the future. We have
incurred lower maintenance expenses because most of the parts on our aircraft are under multi-year warranties. Our maintenance costs will increase significantly, both on an absolute basis
and as a percentage of our operating expenses, as our fleet ages and these warranties expire.
If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel at reasonable costs or fail to maintain our company culture, our business could be
harmed.
Our
business is labor intensive, with labor costs representing approximately one-third of our operating expenses. We expect salaries, wages and benefits to increase on a
gross basis and these costs could increase as a percentage of our overall costs. Since we compete against the major U.S. airlines for pilots, mechanics and other skilled labor and many of them offer
wage and benefit packages that exceed ours, we may be required to increase wages and/or benefits in order to attract and retain qualified personnel or risk considerable employee turnover. If we are
unable to hire, train and retain qualified employees at a reasonable cost, our business could be harmed and we may be unable to complete our expansion plans.
In
addition, as we hire more people and grow, we believe it may be increasingly challenging to continue to hire people who will maintain our company culture. One of our principal
competitive strengths is our service-oriented company culture that emphasizes friendly, helpful, team-oriented and customer-focused employees. Our company culture is important to providing
high quality customer service and having a productive workforce that helps keep our costs low. As we grow, we may be unable to identify, hire or retain enough people who meet the above criteria, and
our company culture could otherwise be adversely affected by our growing operations and geographic diversity. If we fail to maintain the strength of our company culture, our competitive ability and
our business may be harmed.
Our failure to successfully take delivery of, place into service and integrate into our operations the new EMBRAER 190 aircraft we agreed to purchase could harm
our business.
In
June 2003, we placed an order for 100 new EMBRAER 190 jet aircraft, with options for an additional 100 new aircraft. Acquisition of an all-new type of aircraft,
such as the EMBRAER 190, involves a variety of risks relating to its ability to be successfully placed into service, including:
-
-
difficulties
or delays in obtaining the necessary certification from the Brazilian aviation regulatory authority and validation from the FAA as to the aircraft's
airworthiness;
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-
delays
in meeting the agreed upon aircraft delivery schedule;
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-
difficulties
in obtaining financing on acceptable terms to complete our purchase of all of the firmly ordered aircraft;
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-
-
inability
of the aircraft and all of its components to comply with agreed upon specifications and performance standards; and
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-
difficulties
in outfitting the aircraft with LiveTV.
In
addition, we also face risks in integrating a second type of aircraft into our existing infrastructure and operations, including, among other things, the additional costs, resources
and time needed to hire and train new pilots, technicians and other skilled support personnel. Our failure to successfully take delivery of, place into service and integrate into our operations the
new EMBRAER 190 aircraft could harm our business.
We rely on maintaining a high daily aircraft utilization rate to keep our costs low, which makes us especially vulnerable to delays.
One
of our key competitive strengths is to maintain a high daily aircraft utilization rate, which is the amount of time that our aircraft spend in the air carrying passengers. High daily
aircraft utilization allows us to generate more revenue from our aircraft and is achieved in part by reducing turnaround times at airports so we can fly more hours on average in a day. The expansion
of our business to include new destinations, more frequent flights on current routes and expanded facilities could increase the risk of delays. Aircraft utilization is reduced by delays and
cancellations from various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including adverse weather conditions, security requirements, air traffic congestion and unscheduled maintenance. Reduced
aircraft utilization may limit our ability to achieve and maintain profitability as well as lead to customer dissatisfaction.
Our business is highly dependent on the New York market and increases in competition or a reduction in demand for air travel in this market would harm our
business.
Our
growth has focused on adding flights to and from our primary base of operations at JFK in New York City. JFK is an airport that has traditionally attracted considerably less
attention from our competitors for domestic flight activity than either LaGuardia Airport or Newark International Airport because of an industry perception that JFK is primarily an international
airport and that the commuting distance from Manhattan to JFK is too far to attract domestic travelers. We disagreed with this perception of JFK and believe that the operational efficiencies
associated with conducting our principal base of operations from JFK has contributed to our profitability. As of December 31, 2003, approximately 80% of our daily flights had JFK as either
their destination or origin. As a result, we remain highly dependent upon the New York market.
In
response to our positive experience at JFK, other airlines have increased their presence at the airport with a greater emphasis on low-fare domestic travel. As gates
become available, other airlines which do not currently have a presence at JFK could petition the DOT for slot exemptions at JFK as we did or purchase or lease slots from other airlines. An increase
in the amount of direct competition we face at JFK, LaGuardia or Newark, or an increase in congestion and delays at JFK could harm our business.
Our
business would also be harmed by any circumstances causing a reduction in demand for air transportation in the New York metropolitan area, such as adverse changes in local economic
conditions, negative public perception of the city, additional terrorist attacks or significant price increases linked to increases in airport access costs and fees imposed on passengers.
We may be subject to unionization, work stoppages, slowdowns or increased labor costs.
Unlike
most airlines, we have a non-union workforce. If our employees unionize, it could result in demands that may increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our
profitability. Each of our different employee groups could unionize at any time and require separate collective bargaining agreements. If any group of our employees were to unionize and we were unable
to reach agreement on the terms of their collective bargaining agreement or we were to experience widespread employee
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dissatisfaction,
we could be subject to work slowdowns or stoppages. In addition, we may be subject to disruptions by organized labor groups protesting our non-union status. Any of these
events would be disruptive to our operations and could harm our business.
We expect our quarterly operating results to fluctuate due to changes in aircraft fuel and security costs as well as to the timing and amount of maintenance and
advertising expenditures. Seasonality also impacts our operations, with high vacation and leisure demand occurring on the Florida routes between October and April and on our western routes during the
summer. Actions of our competitors may also contribute to fluctuations in our results. We are more susceptible to adverse weather conditions, including snow storms and hurricanes, as a result of our
operations being concentrated on the East Coast, than are some of our competitors. As we enter new markets, we could be subject to additional seasonal variations along with any potential competitive
responses to our entry by other airlines. As a result of these factors, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results may not be a good indicator of our future
performance. In addition, it is possible that in any future quarter our operating results could be below the expectations of investors and any published reports or analyses regarding JetBlue. In that
event, the price of our common stock could decline, perhaps substantially.
We are subject to the risks of having a limited number of suppliers for our aircraft, engines and a key component of our in-flight entertainment
system.
To
date, one of the elements of our business strategy has been to operate only one type of aircraft equipped with one type of engine. Our current dependence on a single type of aircraft
and engine for all of our flights makes us particularly vulnerable to any problems associated with the Airbus A320 or the IAE International Aero Engines V2527-A5 engine, including design
defects, mechanical problems, contractual performance by the manufacturers, or adverse perception by the public that would result in customer avoidance or in actions by the FAA resulting in an
inability to operate our aircraft. Carriers that operate a more diversified fleet are better positioned than we are to manage such events. While our recent decision to acquire a new fleet of EMBRAER
190 aircraft may lessen our exposure to this risk, we will likely also become subject to similar sets of risks after we begin to take delivery of these aircraft in 2005.
One
of the unique features of our fleet is that every seat in each of our aircraft is equipped with free LiveTV. An integral component of the system is the antenna, which is supplied to
us by EMS Technologies, Inc. If EMS were to stop supplying us with its antennas for any reason, we would have to incur significant costs to procure an alternate supplier.
We rely heavily on automated systems to operate our business and any failure of these systems could harm our business.
We
depend on automated systems to operate our business, including our computerized airline reservation system, our telecommunication systems and our website. Unlike most other airlines,
which
issue traditional paper tickets to some or all of their passengers, we issue only electronic tickets. Our website and reservation system must be able to accommodate a high volume of traffic and
deliver important flight information. Substantial or repeated website, reservations system or telecommunication systems failures could reduce the attractiveness of our services and could cause our
customers to purchase tickets from another airline. Any disruption in these systems could result in the loss of important data, increase our expenses and generally harm our business.
Our business depends upon the efforts of our Chief Executive Officer, David Neeleman, our President and Chief Operating Officer, David Barger, and a small number
of management and
25
operating
personnel. We maintain key-man life insurance on Messrs. Neeleman and Barger, which may not be sufficient to cover the costs of recruiting and hiring a replacement chief
executive officer or president, much less the loss of their services. We may have difficulty replacing management or other key personnel who leave and, therefore, the loss of the services of any of
these individuals could harm our business.
Our lack of an established line of credit or borrowing facility makes us highly dependent upon our operating cash flows.
We
have no lines of credit, other than a short-term borrowing facility for certain aircraft predelivery deposits, and rely primarily on operating cash flows to provide
working capital. Unless we secure a line of credit, borrowing facility or equity financing, we will be dependent upon our operating cash flows to fund our operations and to make scheduled payments on
our debt and other fixed obligations. If we fail to generate sufficient funds from operations to meet these cash requirements or are unable to secure a line of credit, other borrowing facility or
equity financing, we could default on our debt and other fixed obligations.
We could be subject to liability arising from claims or other actions relating to our handling of customer data.
Through
our computerized reservation system, we are provided with and maintain data regarding our customers and their travel itineraries. Various federal and state laws and regulations
impose limitations on the dissemination of that information by us. In addition, we have adopted a privacy policy concerning our customer information gathering and dissemination practices, including
the protection of financial and personal information collected on our website.
Beginning
in September 2003, several lawsuits were commenced against us alleging various causes of action, including fraudulent misrepresentation, breach of contract, violation of
privacy rights, as well as violations of consumer protection statutes and federal electronic communications laws. These claims arose out of our providing access to limited customer data to a
government contractor in connection with a test project for military base security. Other parties, including certain governmental agencies, are conducting inquiries, and may commence proceedings, file
claims or seek other relief with respect to this matter. Since the litigation and inquiries are in their early stages, we are unable to determine the impact they may have upon us.
Our reputation and financial results could be harmed in the event of an accident or incident involving our aircraft.
An
accident or incident involving one of our aircraft, or an aircraft containing LiveTV equipment, could involve significant potential claims of injured passengers or others in addition
to repair or replacement of a damaged aircraft and its consequential temporary or permanent loss from service. We are required by the DOT to carry liability insurance. Although we believe we currently
maintain liability insurance in amounts and of the type generally consistent with industry practice, the amount of such coverage may not be adequate and we may be forced to bear substantial losses
from an accident. Substantial claims resulting from an accident in excess of our related insurance coverage would harm our business and financial results. Moreover, any aircraft accident or incident,
even if fully insured, could cause a public perception that we are less safe or reliable than other airlines, which would harm our business.
Our employment agreements with our FAA-licensed personnel provide that we can only terminate these employees for cause and, as a result, it may be
difficult to reduce our labor costs during an economic downturn, which could harm our business.
Our
employment agreements with our FAA-licensed personnel, including pilots, technicians and dispatchers, provide that these employees can only be terminated for cause. Each
employment
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agreement
is for a term of five years and automatically renews for an additional five-year term unless either the employee or we elect not to renew it by giving notice at least
90 days before the end of the initial term. In the event of a downturn in our business, we are obligated to pay these employees a significant portion of their income and to continue their
benefits if they do not obtain other aviation employment. As a result, it may be difficult for us to reduce our labor costs during an economic downturn, and our inability to do so could harm our
business.
Risks Associated with the Airline Industry
The airline industry has incurred significant losses resulting in airline restructurings and bankruptcies, which could result in changes
in our industry.
As
a result of slower general economic conditions, the lingering impact of the 2001 terrorist attacks, military action in Iraq and the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory
syndrome, the airline industry has experienced a decline in demand which has resulted in record financial losses. In response to the adverse financial results the industry has experienced, most
airlines have taken actions in an effort to reduce losses, such as reducing capacity and rationalizing fleet types, furloughing or terminating employees, limiting service offerings, renegotiating or
attempting to renegotiate labor contracts and reconfiguring flight schedules, as well as other efficiency and cost-cutting measures. Some airlines have reexamined their traditional
business models and have created or plan to launch their own low-fare operations. Despite these actions, financial losses have continued through 2003 and it is foreseeable that further
airline reorganizations, bankruptcies or consolidations may occur; the effects of which we are unable to predict. We cannot assure you that the occurrence of these events, or potential changes
resulting from these events, will not harm our business or the industry.
A future act of terrorism, the threat of such acts or escalation of U.S. military involvement overseas could adversely affect the
industry.
Even
if not directed at the airline industry, a future act of terrorism, the threat of such acts or escalation of U.S. military involvement overseas could have an adverse effect the on
the airline industry. In the event of a terrorist attack, the industry would likely experience significantly reduced demand. We cannot assure you that these actions, or consequences resulting from
these actions, will not harm our business or the industry.
Fuel costs constitute a substantial portion of our total operating expenses. Significant increases in fuel costs would harm our financial condition and results of
operations. Historically, fuel costs have been subject to wide price fluctuations based on geopolitical issues and supply and demand. Fuel availability is also subject to periods of market surplus and
shortage and is affected by demand for both home heating oil and gasoline. Because of the effect of these events on the price and availability of fuel, the cost and future availability of fuel cannot
be predicted with any degree of certainty. In the event of a fuel supply shortage, higher fuel prices or the curtailment of scheduled service could result. Some of our competitors may have more
leverage than we do in obtaining fuel. In addition, although we utilize a fuel hedging program, under which we enter into crude oil option contracts and swap agreements to partially protect against
significant increases in fuel prices, our fuel hedging program does not protect us against ordinary course price increases and is limited in fuel volume and duration.
Changes in government regulations imposing additional requirements and restrictions on our operations could increase our operating costs and result in service
delays and disruptions.
Airlines
are subject to extensive regulatory and legal requirements, both domestically and internationally, that involve significant compliance costs. In the last several years, Congress
has passed laws, and the DOT, FAA and TSA have issued regulations relating to the operation of airlines that
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have
required significant expenditures. We expect to continue to incur expenses in connection with complying with government regulations. Additional laws, regulations, taxes and airport rates and
charges have been proposed from time to time that could significantly increase the cost of airline operations or reduce the demand for air travel. If adopted, these measures could have the effect of
raising ticket prices, reducing revenue and increasing costs. We cannot assure you that these and other laws or regulations enacted in the future will not harm our business.
Our insurance costs have increased substantially and further increases could harm our business.
The
U.S. government provides coverage to domestic airlines for liabilities from claims resulting from acts of terrorism, war or similar events via authority granted to it under the
Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Emergency War Time Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2003 required the government to extend these policies through August 2004 and permits such coverage to
be extended through December 2004. JetBlue has elected this coverage, with our current policies in effect until August 31, 2004. It is expected that should the government stop providing
war risk coverage to the airline industry, the premiums charged by commercial aviation insurers for this coverage will be substantially higher than the premiums currently charged by the government.
Significant increases in insurance premiums could harm our financial condition and results of operations.