MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis in
conjunction with Selected Consolidated Historical
Financial Data and the related notes and our consolidated
financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere
in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a global network marketing company that sells weight
management, nutritional supplement and personal care products.
We pursue our mission of changing peoples
lives by providing a financially rewarding business
opportunity to distributors and quality products to distributors
and customers who seek a healthy lifestyle. We are one of the
largest network marketing companies in the world with net sales
of approximately $1.3 billion for the year ended
December 31, 2004. We sell our products in 60 countries
through a network of over one million independent distributors.
We believe the quality of our products and the effectiveness of
our distribution network, coupled with geographic expansion have
been the primary reasons for our success throughout our 25-year
operating history.
We offer products in three principal categories: weight
management products, nutritional supplements which we refer to
as inner nutrition and personal care products which
we refer to as Outer Nutrition®. Our products
are often sold in programs, which are comprised of a series of
related products designed to simplify weight management and
nutrition for our consumers and maximize our distributors
cross-selling opportunities.
Industry-wide factors that affect us and our competitors include
the increasing prevalence of obesity and the aging of the
worldwide population, which are driving demand for nutrition and
wellness-related products and the recruitment and retention of
distributors.
The opportunities and challenges upon which we are most focused
are driving recruitment, retention, and retailing, and improving
distributor productivity by entering new markets, including
China, further penetrating existing markets, pursuing local
distributor initiatives, introducing new products, developing
niche market segments and further investing in our
infrastructure. We are continuing to strengthen the cooperation
between senior management and distributor leadership to focus on
these key initiatives.
A key non-financial measure we focus on is Volume Points on a
Royalty Basis (hereafter Volume Points), which is
essentially our weighted unit measure of product sales volume.
It is a useful measure for us, as it excludes the impact of
foreign currency fluctuations and ignores the differences
generated by varying retail pricing across geographic markets.
In general, an increase in Volume Points in a particular region
or country directionally indicates an increase in local currency
net sales.
Volume Points by Geographic Region
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Nine Months
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Year Ended December 31,
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Ended September 30,
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2002
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2003
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% Change
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2004
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% Change
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2004
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2005
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% Change
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(In millions)
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The Americas
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679.6
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688.1
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1.3
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%
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761.7
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10.7
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%
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556.3
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771.5
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38.7
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%
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Europe
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472.3
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525.0
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11.2
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574.5
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9.4
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437.3
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432.8
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(1.0
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)
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Asia/ Pacific Rim
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272.0
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229.4
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(15.7
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)
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269.2
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17.3
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196.2
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225.6
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15.0
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Japan
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124.5
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102.5
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(17.8
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)
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72.8
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(29.0
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)
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55.0
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52.5
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(4.5
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)
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Worldwide
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1,548.4
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1,545.0
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(0.2
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)%
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1,678.2
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8.6
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%
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1,244.8
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1,482.4
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19.1
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%
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Another key non-financial measure we focus on is the number of
distributors qualified as supervisors under our compensation
system. Distributors qualify for supervisor status based on
their Volume Points. The growth in the number of supervisors is
a general indicator of the level of distributor recruitment,
which generally drives net sales in a particular country or
region. Our compensation system requires each supervisor
28
to re-qualify for such status each year, prior to February.
There is significant variation in the number of supervisors from
the fourth quarter to the first quarter of any given year due to
the timing of the re-qualification process. This fluctuation is
normal and consistent, does not reflect a dramatic underlying
change in the business in comparing these two sequential
quarters, and will become more meaningful period to period
throughout the year.
The following tables show trends in the number of supervisors
over the reporting period by region, and fluctuations within
each notable country are discussed in the appropriate net sales
section below where pertinent. In February of each year, we
delete from the rank of supervisor those supervisors who did not
satisfy the supervisor qualification requirements during the
preceding twelve months. Distributors who meet the supervisor
requirements at any time during the year are promoted to
supervisor status at that time, including any supervisors who
were deleted, but who subsequently requalified.
Number of Supervisors by Geographic Region as of Reporting
Period
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As of December 31,
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As of September 30,
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2002
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2003
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% Change
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2004
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% Change
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2004
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2005
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% Change
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The Americas
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105,474
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110,165
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4.4
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%
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124,605
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13.1
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%
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108,024
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136,536
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26.4
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%
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Europe
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76,587
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84,665
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10.5
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102,203
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20.7
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94,064
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86,364
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(8.2
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)
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Asia/Pacific Rim
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65,111
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55,564
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(14.7
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)
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55,460
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(0.2
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)
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48,308
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54,804
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13.4
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Japan
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31,906
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24,485
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(23.3
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)
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16,860
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(31.1
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)
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16,056
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12,327
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(23.2
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)
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Worldwide
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279,078
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274,879
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(1.5
|
)%
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299,128
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8.8
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%
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266,452
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290,031
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8.8
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%
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Number of Supervisors by Geographic Region as of
Requalification Period
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As of February,
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|
2002
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2003
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2004*
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|
2005
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The Americas
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62,737
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|
67,921
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|
|
|
75,359
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|
|
|
87,925
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|
Europe
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|
|
47,230
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|
|
|
51,290
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|
|
|
70,239
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|
|
|
65,104
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|
|
Asia/Pacific Rim
|
|
|
40,423
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|
|
|
35,637
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|
|
|
31,790
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|
|
|
38,524
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|
|
Japan
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|
|
22,013
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|
|
|
18,287
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|
|
|
13,946
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|
|
|
9,547
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide
|
|
|
172,403
|
|
|
|
173,135
|
|
|
|
191,334
|
|
|
|
201,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
*
|
In 2004 certain modifications were made to the requalifications
resulting in approximately 19,000 additional supervisors
including approximately 9,000 relating to a change in the
business model in Russia.
|
Supervisors must re-qualify annually. The requalification period
covers the twelve months starting in February and ending the
following January. The number of supervisors by geographic
region as of the reporting dates will normally be higher than
the number of supervisors by geographic region as of the
requalification period because supervisors who do not re-qualify
during the relevant twelve-month period will be dropped from the
rank of supervisor in February. Since supervisors purchase most
of our products for resale to other distributors and consumers,
comparisons of supervisor totals on a year-to-year same period
basis are good indicators of our recruiting and retention
efforts in different geographic regions.
The value of the average monthly purchase of Herbalife products
by our supervisors has remained relatively constant over time.
Consequently, increases in our sales are driven primarily by our
retention of supervisors and by our recruitment and retention of
distributors, rather than through increases in the productivity
of our overall supervisor base.
The modification in 2004 to the distributor re-qualification
criteria was a limited test. This modification allowed
distributors who otherwise would have failed to requalify as
supervisors to continue to receive the benefit of product
discounts, while forfeiting their down-line royalties. We
believe this test was successful
29
because the test group generated approximately, 12 million
additional Volume Points on an annualized basis, which would
represent approximately $9.4 million in net sales,
$5.2 million in operating margin and an immaterial impact
to marketing, distribution and administrative expenses. As a
result of the test, the Company has modified the supervisor
re-qualification criteria for all distributors in 2005.
We provide distributors with products, support material,
training, special events and a competitive compensation program.
If a distributor wants to pursue the Herbalife business
opportunity, the distributor is responsible for growing his or
her business and personally pays for the sales activities
related to attracting new customers and recruiting distributors
by hosting events such as Herbalife Opportunity Meetings or
Success Training Seminars; by advertising Herbalifes
products, weight management program, healthy lifestyle and/or
business opportunity; by purchasing and using promotional
materials such as t-shirts, buttons and caps; by utilizing and
paying for direct mail and print material such as brochures,
flyers, catalogs, business cards, posters and banners and
telephone book listings; by purchasing inventory for sale or use
as samples; and by training, mentoring and following up (in
person or via the phone or internet) with customers and recruits
on how to use the product and/or pursue the Herbalife business
opportunity.
Presentation
Retail Sales represent the gross sales amounts on
our invoices to distributors before distributor allowances (as
defined below), and net sales, which reflects
distribution allowances and handling and freight income, is what
the Company collects and recognizes as net sales in its
financial statements. We discuss Retail Sales because of its
fundamental role in our compensation systems, internal controls
and operations, including its role as the basis upon which
distributor discounts, royalties and bonuses are awarded. In
addition, information in daily and monthly reports reviewed by
our management relies on Retail Sales data. However, such a
measure is not in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles in the U.S. (GAAP). You should not
consider Retail Sales in isolation from, nor as a substitute
for, net sales and other consolidated income or cash flow
statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP, or as a measure
of profitability or liquidity. A reconciliation of net sales to
Retail Sales is presented below under Results of
Operations. Product sales represent the actual
product purchase price paid to us by our distributors, after
giving effect to distributor discounts referred to as
distributor allowances, which approximate 50% of
retail sales prices. Distributor allowances as a percentage of
sales may vary by country depending upon regulatory restrictions
that limit or otherwise restrict distributor allowances.
Our gross profit consists of net sales less
cost of sales, which represents the prices we pay to
our raw material suppliers and manufacturers of our products as
well as costs related to product shipments, duties and tariffs,
freight expenses relating to shipment of products to
distributors and importers and similar expenses.
Royalty Overrides are our most significant expense
and consist of:
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|
royalty overrides, or commissions, and bonuses, which total
approximately 15% and 7%, respectively, of the Retail Sales of
weight management, inner nutrition, Outer Nutrition® and
promotional products;
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|
the Mark Hughes Bonus payable to some of our most senior
distributors in the aggregate amount of approximately 1% of
Retail Sales of weight management, inner nutrition, Outer
Nutrition® and promotional products; and
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other discretionary incentive cash bonuses to qualifying
distributors.
|
Royalty Overrides are generally earned based on Retail Sales,
and approximate in the aggregate about 23% of Retail Sales or
approximately 35% of our net sales. Royalty Overrides together
with distributor allowances represent the potential earnings to
distributors of up to approximately 73% of Retail Sales. The
compensation to distributors is generally for the development,
retention and improved productivity of their distributor sales
organizations and is paid to several levels of distributors on
each sale. Because of local country regulatory constraints, we
may be required to modify our typical distributor incentive
plans as described above. Consequently, the total distributor
discount percentage may vary over time. We also offer reduced
distributor allowances and pay reduced royalty overrides with
respect to certain products worldwide. Non-U.S. royalty
checks that have aged, for a variety of reasons, beyond a
certainty of being paid, are taken back into income.
30
Management has calculated this period of certainty to be three
years worldwide, whereas previously this period varied by
country, ranging from 12 months to 30 years. In order
to achieve consistency among all countries, the Company adjusted
the period over which such amounts would be taken into income to
three years on a Company-wide basis beginning with the third
quarter of 2004.
Our operating margins consist of net sales less cost
of sales and royalty overrides.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
represent our operating expenses, components of which include
labor and benefits, sales events, professional fees, travel and
entertainment, distributor marketing, occupancy costs,
communication costs, bank fees, depreciation and amortization,
foreign exchange gains and losses and other miscellaneous
operating expenses.
11
3
/
4
% Notes
refers to Herbalife Internationals
11
3
/
4
% senior
subordinated notes due 2010.
9
1
/
2
% Notes
refers to our
9
1
/
2
% notes
due 2011.
Most of our sales to distributors outside the United States are
made in the respective local currencies. In preparing our
financial statements, we translate revenues into
U.S. dollars using average exchange rates. Additionally,
the majority of our purchases from our suppliers generally are
made in U.S. dollars. Consequently, a strengthening of the
U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency can have a negative
impact on our reported sales and operating margins and can
generate transaction losses on intercompany transactions.
Throughout the last five years, foreign currency exchange rates
have fluctuated significantly. From time to time, we enter into
foreign exchange forward contracts and option contracts to
mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk.
Summary Financial Results
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, net sales
increased by 19.6%, as compared to the same period in 2004. The
combination of continued strong recruitment and retention of
distributors and retailing of our products in our key markets,
various promotions leading up to the 25th Anniversary
Extravaganza in Atlanta in April 2005 and the Worldwide Cup
promotions during 2005, generally favorable foreign currency
exchange rates, the launch of new products such as
Liftoff
tm
and
NouriFusion
tm
coupled with the ongoing roll-out of
ShapeWorks
tm
and
Niteworks
tm
to more countries, contributed to the sales increase. For the
three months ended September 30, 2005, net sales increased
in all regions for the first time in seven years. Also, after
24 quarters of sales declines in Japan, sales increased in
the third quarter of 2005 as compared to the third quarter of
2004. The sales growth in the U.S. and South Korea was an
encouraging result of our effort and commitment to turn around
these countries. Continued strong sales growth in Mexico was
primarily attributable to the growth in Nutrition Clubs, a party
plan concept. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005,
net sales increased in all regions except for Japan.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, net income
was $63.2 million, or 87 cents per diluted share compared
to net income of $23.1 million, or 42 cents per diluted
share reported for the same period in 2004. Net income as
reported includes the effect of recapitalization transaction
expenses of $14.2 million and $15.4 million in the
first quarters of 2005 and 2004, respectively, a non-cash tax
charge of $5.5 million associated with moving our China
subsidiary within the global corporate structure in the second
quarter of 2005, and the favorable post-tax impact of
$2.5 million relating to a change in the allowance for
uncollectible royalty overrides receivables from distributors in
the third quarter of 2005, partially offset by the
$1.5 million favorable post-tax impact of aged royalties in
the third quarter of 2004. The improvement in net income was a
result of a 19.6% increase in net sales, the continued favorable
impact from appreciation of foreign currencies, lower interest
and income tax expense partially offset by higher operating
expenses primarily from increased labor, benefits, incentive
compensation and promotion expense. Overall, the appreciation of
foreign currencies had a $10.6 million favorable impact on
net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.
31
Results of Operations
Our results of operations for the periods described below are
not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future
periods, which depend upon numerous factors, including our
ability to recruit and retain new distributors, open new markets
and further penetrate existing markets and introduce new
products and develop niche market segments.
The following table sets forth selected results of our
operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the
periods indicated.
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Company
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Predecessor
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Company
|
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Combined
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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Year Ended
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 to
|
|
|
August 1 to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
|
|
|
July 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
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Operations:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
Net sales
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
21.8
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
|
|
21.5
|
|
|
|
20.3
|
|
|
|
20.6
|
|
|
|
20.5
|
|
|
|
20.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
78.2
|
|
|
|
78.9
|
|
|
|
78.5
|
|
|
|
79.7
|
|
|
|
79.4
|
|
|
|
79.5
|
|
|
|
79.9
|
|
|
Royalty overrides
|
|
|
35.3
|
|
|
|
35.6
|
|
|
|
35.4
|
|
|
|
35.8
|
|
|
|
35.5
|
|
|
|
35.4
|
|
|
|
35.5
|
|
|
Selling, general & administrative expenses
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
|
|
30.1
|
|
|
|
31.4
|
|
|
|
34.7
|
|
|
|
33.3
|
|
|
|
32.6
|
|
|
|
30.2
|
|
|
Acquisition transaction expenses
|
|
|
8.5
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
11.8
|
|
|
|
6.1
|
|
|
|
9.2
|
|
|
|
10.6
|
|
|
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
14.2
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
(5.4
|
)
|
|
|
(2.0
|
)
|
|
|
(3.5
|
)
|
|
|
(9.4
|
)
|
|
|
(5.7
|
)
|
|
|
(3.2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes and minority interest
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
5.8
|
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
5.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
(1.1
|
)
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
5.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to nine
months ended September 30, 2004
|
Net Sales
The following chart reconciles Retail Sales to net sales:
Sales by Geographic Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling &
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling &
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
The Americas
|
|
$
|
557.9
|
|
|
$
|
(266.0
|
)
|
|
$
|
291.9
|
|
|
$
|
51.6
|
|
|
$
|
343.5
|
|
|
$
|
803.8
|
|
|
$
|
(386.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
417.5
|
|
|
$
|
70.6
|
|
|
$
|
488.1
|
|
|
|
42.1
|
%
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
655.8
|
|
|
|
(313.0
|
)
|
|
|
342.8
|
|
|
|
58.8
|
|
|
|
401.6
|
|
|
|
682.0
|
|
|
|
(324.8
|
)
|
|
|
357.2
|
|
|
|
60.4
|
|
|
|
417.6
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
Asia/ Pacific Rim
|
|
|
243.7
|
|
|
|
(112.1
|
)
|
|
|
131.6
|
|
|
|
17.4
|
|
|
|
149.0
|
|
|
|
296.7
|
|
|
|
(136.9
|
)
|
|
|
159.8
|
|
|
|
21.0
|
|
|
|
180.8
|
|
|
|
21.3
|
%
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
126.6
|
|
|
|
(61.6
|
)
|
|
|
65.0
|
|
|
|
8.9
|
|
|
|
73.9
|
|
|
|
122.1
|
|
|
|
(59.3
|
)
|
|
|
62.8
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
71.2
|
|
|
|
(3.7
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,584.0
|
|
|
$
|
(752.7
|
)
|
|
$
|
831.3
|
|
|
$
|
136.7
|
|
|
$
|
968.0
|
|
|
$
|
1,904.6
|
|
|
$
|
(907.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
997.3
|
|
|
$
|
160.4
|
|
|
$
|
1,157.7
|
|
|
|
19.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in net sales are directly associated with the recruiting
and retention of our distributor force, retailing of our
products, the quality and completeness of the product offerings
that the distributor force has to sell and the number of
countries in which we operate. Managements role, both
in-country and at the corporate level is to provide distributors
with a competitive and broad product line, encourage strong
teamwork and leadership among the Chairmans Club and
Presidents Team distributors and offer leading edge
business tools to make doing business with Herbalife simple.
Management uses the distributor marketing program coupled with
educational and motivational tools to incent distributors to
drive recruiting, retention and
32
retailing which in turn affect net sales. Such tools include
corporate sales events Extravaganzas and World Team
Schools where large groups of distributors gather,
thus allowing them to network with other distributors, learn
recruiting, retention and retailing techniques from our leading
distributors, and become more familiar with how to market and
sell our products and business opportunities. Accordingly,
management believes that these development and motivation
programs can increase the productivity of the supervisor
network. The expenses for such programs are included in Selling,
General & Administrative expenses. Sales are driven by
several factors including the number and productivity of
distributor supervisors who continually build, educate and
motivate their respective distribution and sales organizations.
We also use event and non-event product promotions to motivate
distributors to increase recruiting, retention and retailing
activities. These promotions have prizes ranging from qualifying
for events to vacations and qualification parties for
distributors that meet certain selling and recruiting goals. The
costs of these promotions are included in Selling,
General & Administrative expenses.
The factors described above have driven growth in our business.
The following net sales by geographic region discussion further
details some of the above factors and describes unique growth
factors specific to certain major countries. We believe that the
correct business foundation, coupled with ongoing training and
promotional initiatives, is required to increase recruiting and
retention of distributors and retailing of the product. The
correct business foundation includes strong country management
that works closely with the distributor leadership, unified
distributor leadership, a broad product line that appeals to
local consumer needs, a favorable regulatory environment, a
scalable and stable technology platform and an attractive
distributor marketing plan. Initiatives such as Success Training
Seminars, World Team Schools, Promotional Events and regional
Extravaganzas are integral components of developing a highly
motivated and educated distributor sales organization that will
work toward increasing the recruitment and retention of
distributors.
Our strategy will continue to include creating and maintaining
growth within existing markets. We expect to increase our
spending in Selling, General & Administrative expenses
to maintain or stimulate sales growth, while making strategic
investments in new initiatives. In addition, new ideas are being
generated in our regional markets, either by distributors,
country management or corporate management. Examples are the
Nutrition Clubs in Mexico, the Total Plan in Brazil and GenH in
the U.S., as described in the net sales discussion below.
Managements strategy is to review the applicability of
expanding successful country initiatives throughout a region
and/or globally and where appropriate, financially support the
globalization of these initiatives.
Net sales in the Americas increased $144.7 million, or
42.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as
compared to the same period in 2004. In local currency, net
sales increased by 36.6% for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to the same period in 2004.
The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a positive impact
on net sales of $19.0 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005. The overall increase was a result of
net sales growth in Mexico, Brazil and the U.S. of
$78.7 million, $30.4 million and $21.0 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to
the same period in 2004.
The net sales growth in Mexico is a result of the continued
success of the Nutrition Clubs, strong country management, and
highly engaged distributor leadership. The costs to set up a
Nutrition Club are generally nominal, and are borne solely by
the distributor. We believe our distributors currently operate
over 15,000 Nutrition Clubs in Mexico, which have led to an
increased number of supervisors, up 69.7% at September 30,
2005 compared to September 30, 2004.
The net sales growth in Brazil is a result of the continued
success of the Total Plan, strong country distributor
leadership, a highly effective country management team and a
solid product portfolio. The Total Plan is a low-cost lead
generating method where distributors use our personal care line
of products and offer consultations to obtain referrals and has
led to an increased number of supervisors, up 37.0% at
September 30, 2005 compared to September 30, 2004.
This concept specifically supports our retailing and recruiting
33
initiatives and has been a catalyst for growth in Brazil.
Additionally, the
ShapeWorks
tm
program was introduced at the Brazilian World Team School in
July 2005.
As a result of the numerous steps taken in 2004 and 2005 to
improve the business in the U.S., including the establishment of
a U.S. country management team, branding efforts such as
sponsorship of the JP Morgan Chase tennis tournament, the AVP
Volleyball Tour and the Nautica Malibu Triathlon; and various
promotions such as the 2005 Presidents Team Challenge, the
World Team Bonus, the Atlanta Challenge in connection with the
25th Anniversary Extravaganza and the Worldwide Cup
promotion, net sales have exceeded the corresponding quarterly
results of 2004. At the 25th Anniversary Extravaganza two
new products were introduced,
Liftoff
tm
and
NouriFusion
tm
.
The number of supervisors increased by 3.2% at
September 30, 2005 compared to September 30, 2004,
after approximately two consecutive years of year-over-year
declines.
We expect 2005 net sales in the Americas region to continue
its growth primarily as a result of the expected continuation of
the solid performance in Mexico, Brazil and the U.S.
Net sales in Europe increased $16.0 million, or 4.0%, for
the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as compared to
the same period in 2004. In local currency, net sales increased
by 0.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as
compared to the same period in 2004. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a positive impact on net sales of
$12.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30,
2005. Throughout 2004, Europe experienced sales growth when
compared to 2003, partly due to the Billion Dollar promotion in
the first and second quarters of 2004. Such sales growth was not
expected to be sustainable in 2005. While some markets did
sustain growth such as France, South Africa and Spain, two key
markets, Germany and the Netherlands, experienced sales declines
of 19.9% and 13.3%, respectively, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005 when compared to the same period in 2004.
We have recently appointed a new country manager in Germany and
the new management team is developing a turnaround plan for 2006
to re-engage the local distributor leadership and to rebuild the
confidence among distributors to improve recruiting and
retention. Similar to Germany, we have recently appointed a new
country manager in the Netherlands and have taken steps to
re-engage the local distributor leadership in the Netherlands.
Several new initiatives are planned in the second half of 2005,
including a new recruiting program, and we expect this will
contribute to improved performance beginning in 2006.
Net sales in Spain were up $7.4 million, or 31.8%, for the
nine months ended September 30, 2005, as compared to the
same period in 2004. The increase in sales is primarily due to
unified distributor leadership, an increasing emphasis locally
on health and nutrition and the continuing positive impact of
certain promotions in 2005. Net sales in France were up
$5.7 million, or 30.9%, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to the same period in 2004,
partly due to adoption of a new nutritional distributor training
program and a special vacation promotion. In South Africa, net
sales increased $5.6 million, or 59.9%, for the nine months
ended September 30, 2005 when compared to the same period
in 2004, primarily due to a unified distributor leadership.
Additionally, in South Africa, we celebrated our
10th anniversary of doing business in the country with a
major sales event during the third quarter.
We believe that 2005 net sales in Europe will finish flat
to slightly positive year over year partly due to sales
increases we expect to generate from the ongoing Worldwide Cup
promotion and new product introductions.
Net sales in Asia/ Pacific Rim increased $31.8 million, or
21.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as
compared to the same period in 2004. In local currency, net
sales increased by 14.9% for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to the same period in 2004.
The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a positive impact
on net sales of and $9.6 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005. The overall sales increase was
attributable mainly to an increase in Taiwan and South Korea.
34
Net sales in Taiwan increased $16.8 million, or 32.8%, for
the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as compared to
the same period in 2004, due primarily to effective local
training and recognition initiatives, unified leadership, and
promotion of the 10th year anniversary of doing business in
Taiwan held in the third quarter. Net sales in South Korea
increased $9.9 million, or 38.4%, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to the same period in 2004.
Continued successful sales of
Niteworks
tm
,
unified leadership, coupled with other recruiting initiatives
have now established an eight quarter trend of a positive
year-over-year sales growth. New distributors and supervisors in
the third quarter increased by 45% and 55%, respectively,
compared to the same period in 2004.
Overall, we believe that unified distributor leadership, new
product launches, continued local distributor training and
recognition, and effective promotions will contribute to ongoing
sales increases in the Asia/ Pacific Rim region in 2005.
Net sales in Japan decreased $2.7 million or 3.7% for the
nine months ended September 30, 2005, as compared to the
same period in 2004. In local currency, net sales decreased by
4.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, as
compared to the same periods in 2004. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a positive impact on net sales of
$0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30,
2005. We believe that the numerous initiatives to stimulate
sales in Japan are beginning to make a positive impact and
contributing to the third quarter net sales increase, the first
quarterly net sales increase in six years. The initiatives
include a new sales center in a more attractive area in Tokyo,
local management implementing initiatives to re-engage and
motivate the local distributor leadership to improve recruiting
and retention of distributors, expanding our product line to
address local country demographic needs and the creation of
increased brand awareness through sporting event sponsorships.
In the third quarter
Niteworks
TM
was introduced in Japan, and a special vacation promotion was
launched. We believe the above initiatives in combination with
the implementation of new brand and volume incentive promotional
programs, should continue to improve sales trends for the
balance of 2005.
Sales by Product Category
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling &
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling &
|
|
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
In Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Weight Management
|
|
$
|
705.7
|
|
|
$
|
(347.1
|
)
|
|
$
|
358.6
|
|
|
$
|
60.9
|
|
|
$
|
419.5
|
|
|
$
|
848.2
|
|
|
$
|
(417.7
|
)
|
|
$
|
430.5
|
|
|
$
|
71.5
|
|
|
$
|
502.0
|
|
|
|
19.7
|
%
|
|
Inner Nutrition
|
|
|
699.6
|
|
|
|
(344.1
|
)
|
|
|
355.5
|
|
|
|
60.4
|
|
|
|
415.9
|
|
|
|
805.2
|
|
|
|
(396.5
|
)
|
|
|
408.7
|
|
|
|
67.9
|
|
|
|
476.6
|
|
|
|
14.6
|
%
|
|
Outer Nutrition®
|
|
|
144.6
|
|
|
|
(71.1
|
)
|
|
|
73.5
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
|
|
86.0
|
|
|
|
208.1
|
|
|
|
(102.5
|
)
|
|
|
105.6
|
|
|
|
17.4
|
|
|
|
123.0
|
|
|
|
43.0
|
%
|
|
Literature, Promotional and Other
|
|
|
34.1
|
|
|
|
9.6
|
|
|
|
43.7
|
|
|
|
2.9
|
|
|
|
46.6
|
|
|
|
43.1
|
|
|
|
9.4
|
|
|
|
52.5
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
|
|
56.1
|
|
|
|
20.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,584.0
|
|
|
$
|
(752.7
|
)
|
|
$
|
831.3
|
|
|
$
|
136.7
|
|
|
$
|
968.0
|
|
|
$
|
1,904.6
|
|
|
$
|
(907.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
997.3
|
|
|
$
|
160.4
|
|
|
$
|
1,157.7
|
|
|
|
19.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our increased emphasis on the science of weight management and
nutrition during the past two years has resulted in product
introductions such as
Niteworks
tm
and
Garden
7
tm
and the introduction of
ShapeWorks
tm
,
a personalized meal replacement program. Due to the launch of
ShapeWorks
tm
in March 2004 in the United States and the ongoing roll-out to
other countries, the introduction of new Outer Nutrition®
products like
NouriFusion
tm
,
and the increased use of the Total Plan by distributors in
Brazil and worldwide, which uses Outer Nutrition products as its
foundation, net sales of weight management products and Outer
Nutrition® products increased at a higher rate than net
sales of inner nutrition products. Sales of Outer Nutrition
products increased 43.0%, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, which is a greater rate than those for
any other categories. Literature, Promotional and Other, which
is net of product buy-backs and returns in all product
categories, increased primarily due to an increase in literature
sales from selling starter kits to new
35
distributors and from a decrease in returns and refunds. We
expect growth rates within these categories will vary, from time
to time, as we launch new products.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $925.1 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to $769.2 million for
the same period in 2004.
As a percentage of net sales, gross profit for the nine months
ended September 30, 2005, increased from 79.5% to 79.9% as
compared to the same period in 2004. Generally, gross profit
percentages do not vary significantly as a percentage of sales
other than due to ongoing cost reduction initiatives and
provisions for slow moving and obsolete inventory or due to
product and/or country mix. Additionally, we believe that we
have the ability to mitigate price increases by raising the
prices of our products or shifting product sourcing to
alternative manufacturers.
Royalty Overrides
Royalty Overrides as a percentage of net sales was 35.5% for the
nine months ended September 30, 2005, as compared to 35.4%
for the same period in 2004. The nine months ended
September 30, 2005, included a favorable pre-tax impact of
$4.0 million relating to the change in the allowance for
uncollectible royalty overrides receivables from distributors
and the nine months ended September 30, 2004, included a
favorable pre-tax impact of $2.4 million of aged royalty
checks. Generally, royalty overrides as a percentage of net
sales varies slightly from period to period due to changes in
the mix of products and countries because varying Royalty
Overrides are paid on certain products and in certain countries.
Due to the structure of our global compensation plan coupled
with the current country mix of our business, we do not expect
to see significant fluctuations in Royalty Overrides as a
percent of net sales.
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses
Selling, General & Administrative expenses as a
percentage of net sales was 30.2%, for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to 32.6% for the same
period in 2004. For the nine months ended September 30,
2005, Selling, General & Administrative expenses
increased $18.8 million and $33.6 million,
respectively, to $121.6 million and $349.4 million,
respectively. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency
fluctuations was $2.4 million and $7.5 million for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2005,
respectively.
The increase in Selling, General & Administrative
expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2005
included $22.2 million in higher salaries and benefits, due
to normal merit increases, increased staffing, and higher
incentive compensation; $6.9 million relating to legal and
litigation expenses and additional professional fees primarily
associated with strengthening our technology infrastructure and
$9.9 million in additional advertising and promotion
expenses related primarily to our 2005 Worldwide Cup promotion.
The increases were partially offset by $5.2 million lower
amortization expense of intangibles; $4.9 million lower
monitoring fees and other expenses due to the termination of the
related agreement with Whitney and Golden Gate Capital and a
$0.1 million foreign exchange gain in 2005 versus a
$2.1 million loss in 2004.
We expect 2005 Selling, General & Administrative
expenses to increase over 2004 levels, reflecting general salary
merit increases, moderate staffing additions, further expansion
in China and increased sales events activities, although as a
percentage of net sales, these expenses should be slightly down
from 2004 levels.
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $37.6 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 2005, as compared to and
$55.2 million for the same period in 2004. This includes
$14.2 million and $15.4 million of recapitalization
expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and
2004, respectively. The recapitalization expenses were due to
the redemption of 40%, or $110 million principal amount, of
the
9
1
/
2
% Notes
completed in
36
February 2005 and the redemption of the
15
1
/
2
% senior
notes, completed in March 2004. During the second and third
quarters of 2005 we prepaid $35.0 million and
$44.7 million under our senior credit facility,
respectively, resulting in approximately $0.7 million and
$0.9 million additional interest expense from write-off of
deferred financing fees.
Income Taxes
Income taxes were $64.0 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to $32.7 million for
the same period in 2004. As a percentage of pre-tax income, the
effective income tax rate was 50.3% for the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, as compared to 58.6% for the same
period in 2004. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the
nine months ended September 30, 2005 as compared to 2004
was caused primarily by the impact of less non-deductible
interest including the aforementioned non-deductible
recapitalization charges in each period. Offsetting these
benefits was a $5.5 million non-cash tax charge associated
with moving our China subsidiary within our global corporate
structure in the second quarter of 2005 and an increase in taxes
due to the impact on our worldwide transfer pricing and tax
structure as a result of stronger than expected revenue growth
during the past several quarters and managements outlook
that a mid-teens revenue growth rate will continue throughout
2006. Excluding the impact of the recapitalization expenses of
$14.2 million and $15.4 million during the first
quarter of 2005 and 2004, respectively, and the
$5.5 million non-cash tax charge associated with China, the
effective tax rate would have been approximately 41.4% and 37.3%
for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations
Currency fluctuations had a favorable impact of
$3.5 million and $10.6 million on net results for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, when
compared to what current year net results would have been using
last years foreign exchange rates. For the three months
ended September 30, 2005, the regional effects were an
unfavorable $0.2 million in Europe, a favorable
$0.9 million in Asia/ Pacific Rim, a favorable
$2.7 million in the Americas, and a favorable
$0.1 million in Japan. For the nine months ended
September 30, 2005, the regional effects were a favorable
$2.2 million in Europe, a favorable $2.7 million in
Asia/ Pacific Rim, a favorable $4.5 million in the
Americas, and a favorable $1.1 million in Japan.
Net Income
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, net income
was $63.2 million, or 87 cents per diluted share
compared to a net income of $23.1 million, or 42 cents per
diluted share reported for the same period in 2004. Net income
as reported includes the effect of recapitalization transaction
expenses of $14.2 million and $15.4 million in the
first quarters of 2005 and 2004, respectively, and a non-cash
tax charge of $5.5 million associated with moving our China
subsidiary within the global corporate structure in the second
quarter of 2005, and the favorable post-tax impact of
$2.5 million relating to a change in the allowance for
uncollectible royalty overrides receivables from distributors in
the third quarter of 2005, partially offset by the
$1.5 million post-tax favorable impact of aged royalties in
the third quarter of 2004. The improvement in net income was the
result of a 19.6% increase in net sales, the continued favorable
impact from appreciation of foreign currencies, lower interest
and income tax expense partially offset by higher operating
expenses primarily from increased labor, benefits and incentive
compensation. Overall, the appreciation of foreign currencies
had a $10.6 million favorable impact on net results for the
nine months ended September 30, 2005.
37
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2004 compared to year ended
December 31, 2003
|
Net Sales
The following chart reconciles Retail Sales to net sales:
Sales by Geographic Region
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
The Americas
|
|
$
|
687.9
|
|
|
$
|
(328.9
|
)
|
|
$
|
359.0
|
|
|
$
|
65.4
|
|
|
$
|
424.4
|
|
|
$
|
762.6
|
|
|
$
|
(364.4
|
)
|
|
$
|
398.2
|
|
|
$
|
70.0
|
|
|
$
|
468.2
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
%
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
733.4
|
|
|
|
(349.4
|
)
|
|
|
384.0
|
|
|
|
64.2
|
|
|
|
448.2
|
|
|
|
875.5
|
|
|
|
(418.0
|
)
|
|
|
457.5
|
|
|
|
78.7
|
|
|
|
536.2
|
|
|
|
19.6
|
%
|
|
Asia/ Pacific Rim
|
|
|
271.6
|
|
|
|
(123.6
|
)
|
|
|
148.0
|
|
|
|
19.5
|
|
|
|
167.5
|
|
|
|
338.7
|
|
|
|
(156.3
|
)
|
|
|
182.4
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
|
|
206.5
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
%
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
201.5
|
|
|
|
(97.4
|
)
|
|
|
104.1
|
|
|
|
15.2
|
|
|
|
119.3
|
|
|
|
169.4
|
|
|
|
(82.5
|
)
|
|
|
86.9
|
|
|
|
11.9
|
|
|
|
98.8
|
|
|
|
(17.2
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,894.4
|
|
|
$
|
(899.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
995.1
|
|
|
$
|
164.3
|
|
|
$
|
1,159.4
|
|
|
$
|
2,146.2
|
|
|
$
|
(1,021.2
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,125.0
|
|
|
$
|
184.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,309.7
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in net sales are directly associated with the
recruiting, retention and retailing of our distributor force,
the quality and completeness of the product offerings that the
distributor force has to sell and the number of countries in
which we operate. Managements role, both in-country and at
the corporate level is to provide distributors with a
competitive and broad product line, ensure strong teamwork and
leadership among the Chairmans Club and Presidents
Team distributors and offer leading edge business tools to make
doing business with Herbalife simple. Management uses the
marketing program coupled with educational and motivational
tools to incent distributors to drive recruiting, retention and
retailing which in turn affect net sales. Such tools include
corporate sales events Extravaganzas and World Team
Schools where large groups of distributors gather,
thus allowing them to network with other distributors, learn
recruiting, retention and retailing techniques from our leading
distributors, and become more familiar with how to market and
sell our products and business opportunities. Accordingly,
management believes that these development and motivation
programs can increase the productivity of the supervisor
network. The expenses for such programs are included in selling,
general & administrative expenses. An example is the
Barcelona Extravaganza held in August of 2004 and mentioned
below. Sales are driven by several factors including the number
and productivity of distributor leaders who continually build,
educate and motivate their respective distribution and sales
organizations. We also use product event and non-event
promotions to motivate distributors to increase recruiting,
retention and retailing activities. These promotions have ranged
from our 2003 laptop computer promotion to vacations or other
qualifying events for distributors that meet certain selling and
recruiting goals. The costs of these promotions are included in
selling, general & administration expenses. A current
example is the Atlanta Challenge discussed below.
Similar to sales events, it is not possible for us to draw a
precise quantitative correlation between a successful promotion
and a resultant long-term effect on net sales.
The factors described above have driven growth in our business.
The following net sales by geographic region discussion further
details some of the above factors and describes unique growth
factors specific to certain major countries. We believe that the
correct foundation, coupled with ongoing training and
promotional initiatives is required to increase recruiting and
retention of distributors and retailing of the product. The
correct foundation includes strong country management that works
closely with the distributor leadership, a broad product line
that appeals to local consumer needs, a favorable regulatory
environment, a scalable and stable technology platform and an
attractive marketing plan. Initiatives such as Success Training
Seminars, World Team Schools, Promotional Events and regional
Extravaganzas are integral components of developing a highly
motivated and educated distributor sales organization that will
work toward increasing the recruitment and retention of
distributors.
Our strategy has included and will continue to include
generating and maintaining growth within existing markets. We
generally expect to continue to spend the current level of
selling, general & administrative expenses (as a
percent of net sales) to maintain or stimulate sales growth,
while making strategic investments
38
in new initiatives as discussed in the business strategy
section. In addition, new ideas are being generated in our
regional markets, either by distributors, country management or
corporate management. Examples are the Nutrition Clubs in Mexico
and the Total Plan in Brazil, as described in the net sales
discussion below. Managements strategy is to review the
applicability of expanding successful country initiatives
throughout a region and/or globally where appropriate.
Net sales in the Americas increased $43.8 million, or
10.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to
2003. In local currency, net sales increased by 10.7% for the
year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. The
fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a negative impact of
$1.6 million on net sales for the year ended
December 31, 2004. The overall increase was a result of net
sales growth in Brazil and Mexico of $29.2 million and
$28.8 million, or 74.4% and 39.1%, respectively, for the
year ended December 31, 2004. These countries continue to
benefit from strong country and distributor leadership that
focuses on recruiting and retention of the distributor force
that retails our product, and a product line and business
opportunity that is attractive to the demographics in those
countries. The net sales growth in Brazil and Mexico was
partially offset by a net sales decrease in the U.S. of
$22.0 million, or 8.0%.
The continued net sales growth in Brazil is evidenced by the
increased number of supervisors, up 54.6% at December 31,
2004 compared to 2003, the expansion of the Total Plan, strong
distributor leadership, a highly effective country management
team and a good product portfolio. The Total Plan is a low-cost
lead-generating method where distributors use our personal care
line of products and offer consultations to obtain referrals.
This concept specifically supports our retailing and recruiting
initiatives and has been a catalyst for growth in Brazil.
The continued net sales growth in Mexico is evidenced by the
increased number of supervisors, up 33.0% at December 31,
2004 compared to December 31, 2003, which reflects the
renewed emphasis on distributor and customer retention programs
such as the Nutrition Clubs, which are new and innovative means
by which distributors are retailing our products to new
customers, some of whom may eventually become distributors of
our products. The costs to set up a Nutrition Club are generally
nominal, and are borne solely by the distributor. Our
distributors have opened over 2000 Nutrition Clubs to date.
Growth in Brazil and Mexico was partly offset by a decline in
net sales in the U.S., of $22.0 million, or 8.0%, for the
year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to
December 31, 2003. This was evidenced by a 6.1% decrease in
the number of supervisors at December 31, 2004, as compared
to 2003, with a similar volume point decrease when compared to
the prior year. This is a continuation of a downward trend in
the U.S., although the decrease in 2004 is lower than the
decrease experienced in 2003. Contributing factors to this
continued decline include distraction among senior distributor
leadership related to the transition of our new senior
management team, strong competition from other direct selling
companies and marketing difficulties experienced during the
transition to the new
ShapeWorks
tm
product line launched in March 2004. The transition to the new
ShapeWorks
tm
product line in the U.S. cost approximately
$4.2 million, which was primarily recorded in selling,
general & administrative expenses. Of this,
approximately $0.6 million was related to several previous
versions of the package design, labels and related promotional
materials, a cost that is not expected to be incurred in future
transitions of this product in other regions. We believe the
U.S. continues to be a viable market and therefore we have
taken numerous steps to turn the business around. For example,
we have organized regional mini-extravaganza sales
events, the opening of a regional sales center in Dallas,
created a U.S. country management team, where previously
the U.S. was managed from the Americas Region, and
introduced retailing and recruiting programs used successfully
in Brazil and Mexico such as the Total Plan and Nutrition Clubs.
The multiple regional mini-extravaganzas cost approximately
$1.9 million in 2004, which was recorded in selling,
general & administrative expenses. We expect a similar
level of spending in 2005 to help stimulate growth in the
U.S. market. Regional sales centers are small, walk-up
distribution centers that we are opening in key areas of the
U.S. where we feel we are underdeveloped. The walk up
centers allow distributors to interact with us on a more
personal basis and we believe they will assist distributors with
their recruiting and retention efforts. To set up the regional
sales center in Dallas, we incurred $0.4 million in capital
expenditures and we will spend approximately $0.6 million
in annual operating
39
expenses. To the extent that management chooses to continue to
expand this model throughout the U.S. based upon a thorough
financial review, we would expect a similar level of expenditure
for each regional sales center that the Company may potentially
open. Managements evaluation in this area has not yet been
completed. Management and senior distributor leadership will
continue to target promotions, events and products to specific
key U.S. metro areas. We believe this should increase the
efficiency of our spending, while increasing market penetration.
We expect 2005 sales in the Americas region to continue
its positive year over year growth primarily as a result of the
expected continuation of the strong momentum in Mexico and
Brazil and a leveling of the decline in the U.S.
Net sales in Europe increased $87.9 million, or 19.6%, for
the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. In
local currency net sales increased 8.6% for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. The fluctuation of
foreign currency rates had a positive impact on net sales of
$49.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Most European markets recorded net sales growth partly as a
result of an eight-month promotion ending in June 2004 that
helped our distributors increase recruiting and retention and
was further supported by the motivation and training at the
Barcelona Extravaganza in July 2004. We spent $3.9 million,
recorded in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses,
on this eight month incremental sales promotion, called the
Billion Dollar Challenge. The Barcelona Extravaganza
had a net cost of $1.8 million and was recorded in the
selling, general & administrative expenses. The
November 2004 launch of
ShapeWorks
tm
in Europe at the Bologna World Team School has been well
received by distributors, reflecting a smoother launch than in
the U.S. earlier this year.
Net sales in Spain were up $13.8 million, or 72.5%, for the
year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003, due to a
cohesive, renewed focus by distributor leadership, an increasing
emphasis locally on health and nutrition and the success of the
Billion Dollar Challenge and the Barcelona Extravaganza. Net
sales in Turkey were up $11.4 million, or 85.7%, for the
year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003, due to
increasing acceptance of the direct selling concept in Turkey as
well as an energetic distributor leadership group. In Italy, one
of our largest European markets, net sales were up
$7.1 million, or 11.2%, for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003, driven by strong
country management and distributor leadership collaboration on
recruiting and retention programs. In the Netherlands, another
of our larger European markets, net sales were up
$8.3 million, or 17.8%, for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003, partly due to the
Corporate/ Distributor co-sponsored TV program, Fitness
Challenge, which increased the visibility of the Herbalife
name. The Companys cost related to the Fitness Challenge
was less than $0.1 million, and was recorded in Selling,
General & Administrative Expenses. We are currently
reviewing whether to repeat this sponsorship in 2005. In
addition, we initiated a new worldwide promotion, The Atlanta
Challenge, at the Barcelona Extravaganza in July, as a means to
incent distributors to qualify for our 25th Anniversary
Extravaganza in April 2005 in Atlanta. The 25th Anniversary
Cruise is a special worldwide vacation promotion, separate from,
but occurring in connection with the 25th Anniversary
Extravaganza in Atlanta, and is expected to cost approximately
$6.0 million. This is an event that distributors qualified
for during 2004. Accordingly, we have accrued the expense in
selling, general & administrative expenses. We do not
expect a similar promotion in 2005. The 25th Anniversary
Extravaganza will replace the major regional extravaganzas in
2005, although we may still hold smaller regional events to
carry the excitement and momentum of this event. We expect the
net cost of the 25th Anniversary Extravaganza in Atlanta to
be approximately $6.4 million.
In the first quarter of 2004, we took over the management of
product distribution in Russia and Greece. Prior to this, we
used a third-party importer to manage and distribute our product
to distributors in these countries. We have now opened an
administrative office and a company-operated distribution center
in these countries to more closely align with our business model
in most other countries around the world. This will allow more
direct interaction with our distributors, which we feel will
improve communication and ultimately enhance recruiting and
retention of distributors in those countries. The cost of the
change in business model in these countries was
$1.0 million in capital expenditures, $4.4 million in
transition costs that we do not expect
40
to incur in the future and $5.9 million in net additional
annual operating expenses. The transition costs and operating
expenses were recorded in selling, general &
administrative expenses.
We believe that 2005 sales should continue the positive year
over year volume growth partly due to the European introduction
of
ShapeWorks
tm
,
the momentum we expect to generate from the Extravaganza, and
new products and business tools being launched at the
Extravaganza.
Net sales in Asia/ Pacific Rim increased $39.0 million, or
23.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to
2003. In local currency, net sales increased 19.2% for the year
ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. The
fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a $6.8 million
positive impact on net sales for the year ended
December 31, 2004. The overall increase was attributable
mainly to an increase in Taiwan, partly offset by a decrease in
South Korea.
Net sales in Taiwan increased $23.8 million, or 49.6%, for
the year ended December 31, 2004, over 2003, due primarily
to an increase in the number of supervisors by 34.0% at
December 31, 2004, as compared to the same time last year,
highly engaged distributor leadership, strong country
management, increased local distributor trainings and
initiatives to promote individual recognition of well performing
distributors, new product launches, positive momentum from the
Bangkok Extravaganza held in September and various other
regional promotions. The Bangkok Extravaganza had a net cost of
$1.7 million and was recorded in selling,
general & administrative expenses. In 2005, this and
other regional extravaganzas will be replaced by the 25th
Anniversary Atlanta Extravaganza. Management will evaluate the
need for smaller regional events to carry the excitement and
momentum of the 25th Anniversary Atlanta Extravaganza to those
around the world who are unable to attend. Net sales in South
Korea decreased $8.0 million, or 18.3%, for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. It appears that
numerous initiatives begun in the fourth quarter of 2003, are
making an impact. To illustrate this improvement, while volume
was flat (an improvement over prior years trend), net
sales increased 11.0% in the fourth quarter as compared to the
same period last year. We expect South Korea will report
positive year over year sales growth in 2005. In late 2004 we
introduced
ShapeWorks
tm
in South Korea, at a cost of less than $0.1 million, which
was recorded in selling, general & administrative
expenses, and which we believe should help with recruiting and
retailing initiatives.
Overall, we believe that continued local distributor training
and the positive momentum from the Bangkok Extravaganza, along
with the launch of
ShapeWorks
tm
,
the momentum we expect to generate from the 25th
Anniversary Extravaganza, and new products and business tools
being launched at the 25th Anniversary Extravaganza. should
contribute to ongoing sales increases in the Asia/ Pacific Rim
region in 2005.
Net sales in Japan decreased $20.5 million, or 17.2%, for
the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. In
local currency, net sales in Japan decreased 22.9% for the year
ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003. The
fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a $6.8 million
favorable impact on net sales for the year ended
December 31, 2004. The net sales decline in 2004, which is
a continuation of a five-year downward trend in Japan, albeit at
a slower rate for this reporting period, had been driven
primarily by ineffective prior country management, which had not
properly motivated distributor leadership or introduced new
products in a timely manner to meet distributor expectations.
This weakness has been exacerbated by strong competition from
other direct selling companies and a general deterioration of
the Japanese economy. In the third quarter of 2004, we appointed
a new country manager who is currently focusing on uniting and
motivating distributor leadership to improve recruiting and
retention of distributors, and we are in the process of
expanding our product line to address local country demographic
needs. For example in late 2004 we introduced a green tea
flavored Formula 1 and we created individual serving
packets for our Formula 1 product. In 2005 we will
be opening a new sales office in a central location of Tokyo, a
significant improvement over the existing location that we
believe should give us greater visibility in a
41
key population center. In combination with implementing new
brand and volume incentive promotional programs, we believe the
above initiatives should help improve financial performance in
2005.
Sales by Product Category
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions)
|
|
|
Weight Management
|
|
$
|
840.4
|
|
|
$
|
(413.2
|
)
|
|
$
|
427.2
|
|
|
$
|
72.9
|
|
|
$
|
500.1
|
|
|
$
|
945.1
|
|
|
$
|
(465.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
479.8
|
|
|
$
|
81.3
|
|
|
$
|
561.1
|
|
|
|
12.2
|
%
|
|
Inner Nutrition
|
|
|
849.0
|
|
|
|
(417.5
|
)
|
|
|
431.5
|
|
|
|
73.6
|
|
|
|
505.1
|
|
|
|
946.5
|
|
|
|
(466.0
|
)
|
|
|
480.5
|
|
|
|
81.5
|
|
|
|
562.0
|
|
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
|
Outer Nutrition®
|
|
|
177.6
|
|
|
|
(87.3
|
)
|
|
|
90.3
|
|
|
|
15.4
|
|
|
|
105.7
|
|
|
|
207.3
|
|
|
|
(102.1
|
)
|
|
|
105.2
|
|
|
|
17.9
|
|
|
|
123.1
|
|
|
|
16.5
|
%
|
|
Literature, Promotional and Other
|
|
|
27.4
|
|
|
|
18.7
|
|
|
|
46.1
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
48.5
|
|
|
|
47.3
|
|
|
|
(12.2
|
)
|
|
|
59.5
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
63.5
|
|
|
|
30.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,894.4
|
|
|
$
|
(899.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
995.1
|
|
|
$
|
164.3
|
|
|
$
|
1,159.4
|
|
|
$
|
2,146.2
|
|
|
$
|
(1,021.2
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,125.0
|
|
|
$
|
184.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,309.7
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our increased emphasis on the science of weight management and
nutrition during the past two years, illustrated by our assembly
of the Scientific Advisory Board and the Medical Advisory Board,
has resulted in numerous product introductions like
Niteworks
tm
and
Garden
7
tm
and the introduction of
ShapeWorks
tm
, a personalized meal replacement program. Due to the launch of
our
ShapeWorks
tm
product line in March 2004, and the introduction of new personal
care products, net sales of weight management products and Outer
Nutrition® products increased at a higher rate than net
sales of inner nutrition products. The rationalization of our
Outer Nutrition® product line in 2002 resulted in an
initial decrease in sales, but since then the line has
represented approximately 9% of our net sales. The product line
today is designed to complement the weight management and inner
nutrition product lines with products for improving the
appearance of the body, skin and hair. Literature, Promotional
and Other, which includes product buy-backs and returns in all
product categories, increased due to a decrease in returns and
refunds. We expect shifts within these categories from time to
time as we launch new products.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $1,039.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to $923.6 million in
2003. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit for the year
ended December 31, 2004, decreased from 79.7% to 79.4%, as
compared to 2003. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage
of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2004, was
attributable mainly to an increase in provisions made for slow
moving and obsolete inventory of $4.8 million as well as a
small sales mix variance, which was partially offset by lower
raw material and vendor costs. Generally, gross profit
percentages do not vary significantly as a percentage of sales
other than due to ongoing cost reduction initiatives and
provisions for slow moving and obsolete inventory. Additionally,
we believe that we have the ability to mitigate price increases
by raising the prices of our products or shifting product
sourcing to alternative manufacturers.
Royalty Overrides
Royalty Overrides as a percentage of net sales were 35.5% for
the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 35.8% in
2003. As a percentage of net sales, Royalty Overrides decreased
by 0.3% for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared
to 2003, due primarily to the $2.4 million favorable impact
of aged royalties. Generally, this ratio varies slightly from
period to period due to changes in the mix of products and
countries because full Royalty Overrides are not paid on certain
products or in certain countries. Due to the structure of our
global compensation plan, we do not expect to see significant
fluctuations in Royalty Overrides as a percent of net sales.
42
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of
net sales were 33.3% for the year ended December 31, 2004,
as compared to 34.6% in 2003.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, selling,
general & administrative expenses increased
$34.8 million to $436.1 million from
$401.3 million in 2003. The increase included
$15.4 million in higher salaries and benefits, due
primarily to normal merit increases, the impact of foreign
currency fluctuations, a lower bonus expense in 2003 based on
not fully achieving targets that year and increases related to
the strengthening of the management team regionally and in the
U.S.; $13.8 million in additional professional fees
associated with higher legal and accounting expenses, including
Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, technology expenses, and higher
manufacturing consulting expenses related to the start-up of our
facility in China; $4.5 million in additional promotional
expenses related primarily to the
ShapeWorks
tm
launch, the eight-month European promotion program noted above
which ended in June 2004 and expenses related to our 25th
Anniversary promotions, all of which were detailed in the
discussion of net sales by region; $12.2 million in higher
non-income taxes due primarily to higher sales in certain
jurisdictions; $2.6 million relating to the
recapitalization in March, which we do not expect to recur in
2005; and $3.0 million in higher provisions made for
doubtful accounts. The changes discussed above include the
unfavorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations on operating
expenses of $9.3 million The increases were partially
offset by $8.7 million lower litigation expenses,
$4.6 million lower foreign exchange transaction losses and
$11.7 million lower amortization expense of intangibles for
the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to 2003, due
to the final allocation in the third quarter of 2003 of the
purchase price in connection with the Acquisition.
In December 2004, we reached an agreement with the Equity
Sponsors to terminate a monitoring fee agreement in exchange for
the issuance of 700,000 warrants. Using the Black-Scholes model
we have calculated the fair value of this consideration to be
approximately $2.9 million, which is included in 2004
expenses.
We target a product gross profit of approximately 80% of net
sales, which allows us to economically remit royalties to our
distributor organization, pay our vendors for product and cover
operating costs associated with product development and
licensing, warehousing, distribution and transportation. We
generally do not target promotions or advertising at any
particular product or brand. Our significant promotions are
generally aimed at generating increased levels of recruiting and
retention of distributors. An example is the European Billion
Dollar Challenge in the first half of 2004. Under this
promotion, distributors qualified for various levels of award,
based on the incremental sales volume they achieved. Generally,
when a major new product is launched, there will be expenditures
related to the roll-out and promotion of such products. Based on
the breadth and manner of a product launch, these costs could be
material or immaterial. For example, as detailed previously in
the net sales discussion, we introduced
ShapeWorks
tm
in the United States in 2004 at an extravaganza, at a cost of
approximately $3.7 million, net of costs of labeling and
packaging revisions prior to introduction. The same product was
launched in Europe at the Bologna event (a
mini-extravaganza) at a cost of $0.5 million,
and in South Korea, not tied to any major event, at a cost of
less than $0.1 million. Product or brand advertising is
generally handled by our distributors, although in 2005, we
anticipate participating in sponsoring certain sporting events
that will raise awareness and recognition of the Herbalife
brand. We have not finalized these plans, but we expect that
spending on such events would not be material in 2005.
We expect 2005 selling, general & administrative
expenses to increase approximately 7% to 8% over 2004 levels
reflecting general salary merit increases and further
investments in China and sales events, although we expect that
as a percentage of net sales, these expenses should remain flat
with 2004 levels.
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $123.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to $41.5 million in
2003. The higher interest expense in 2004 was primarily due to
the two recapitalizations in
43
2004 as noted in the table below and $8.2 million
additional interest expense associated with the
$275.0 million principal amount of our
9
1
/
2
% Notes
issued in March 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
Interest Expense (dollars in millions)
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
3
/
4
% Notes-Redemption Premium
and write-off of deferred financing fees
|
|
$
|
49.9
|
|
|
$
|
1.4
|
|
|
15
1
/
2
% Senior
Notes-Redemption Premium and write-off of deferred
financing fees
|
|
|
15.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Term Loan-Write-off of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revolver-Write-off of deferred finance fees
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recapitalization expenses included in Interest Expense
|
|
$
|
71.5
|
|
|
$
|
1.4
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
51.8
|
|
|
|
40.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Interest Expense
|
|
$
|
123.3
|
|
|
$
|
41.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As part of the continuation of the fourth quarter 2004
recapitalization, we exercised a contract provision to redeem
40%, or $110 million, of the
9
1
/
2
% Notes.
After the required notice period, this redemption was completed
on February 4, 2005. The premium and the write-off of
deferred financing fees of $14.2 million associated with
this redemption will be included in interest expense in the
first quarter of 2005.
Income Taxes
Income taxes were $29.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as compared to $28.7 million in
2003. As a percentage of pre-tax income, the estimated effective
income tax rate was 192.8% for the year ended December 31,
2004, as compared to 43.8% in 2003. The increase in the
effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2004 as
compared to 2003 was caused primarily by the expenses related to
the recapitalizations, a significant portion of which are
non-deductible, and the non-deductible interest expense
associated with the
9
1
/
2
% Notes.
Excluding the impact of the recapitalization expenses of
$71.5 million, the 2004 effective tax rate would have been
approximately 47%. In 2005, we believe the effective tax rate
should decrease to 43%, reflecting the lower level of non
deductible interest, and before the impact of the
$14.2 million of premium and write-off of deferred
financing fees noted in interest expense above. We estimate the
unfavorable impact to the effective tax rate of including these
expenses could be as high as 4%.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations
Currency fluctuations had a favorable impact of
$12.9 million on net results for the year ended
December 31, 2004, when compared to what current year net
results would have been using last years foreign exchange
rates. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the regional
effects were a favorable $7.5 million in Europe, a
favorable $2.7 million in Asia/ Pacific Rim, a favorable
$0.2 million in the Americas, and a favorable
$2.5 million in Japan.
Net Results
Net results for the year ended December 31, 2004, including
$71.5 million of pre-tax recapitalization expenses
(approximately $60.5 million net of tax), was a loss of
$14.3 million, or a loss of $0.27 per diluted share,
which was $51.2 million lower than the prior-year net
income of $36.8 million or earnings of $0.69 per
diluted share. The recapitalization expenses in the first and
fourth quarters of 2004 of $71.5 million pre-tax resulted
from the repurchase our
15
1
/
2
% senior
notes, and the
11
3
/
4
Notes, and the refinancing of Herbalife Internationals
term loan. Net results were also impacted by the interest
expense associated with the
9
1
/
2
% Notes,
higher promotional expenses and labor costs, partially offset by
the 13.0% increase in net sales, the favorable impact of aged
royalties and the favorable impact of the appreciation of
foreign currencies. Overall, the appreciation of foreign
currencies had a $12.9 million favorable impact on net
results for 2004.
44
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2003 compared to year ended
December 31, 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor
|
|
|
Company
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
Company
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 to
|
|
|
August 1 to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
July 31, 2002
|
|
|
December 31, 2002
|
|
|
December 31, 2002
|
|
|
December 31, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$
|
644.2
|
|
|
$
|
449.5
|
|
|
$
|
1,093.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,159.4
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
140.6
|
|
|
|
95.0
|
|
|
|
235.6
|
|
|
|
235.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
503.6
|
|
|
|
354.5
|
|
|
|
858.1
|
|
|
|
923.6
|
|
|
Royalty overrides
|
|
|
227.2
|
|
|
|
159.9
|
|
|
|
387.1
|
|
|
|
415.4
|
|
|
Selling, general & administrative expenses
|
|
|
207.4
|
|
|
|
135.5
|
|
|
|
342.9
|
|
|
|
401.3
|
|
|
Acquisition transaction expenses
|
|
|
54.7
|
|
|
|
6.2
|
|
|
|
60.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
14.3
|
|
|
|
52.9
|
|
|
|
67.2
|
|
|
|
107.0
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
(23.9
|
)
|
|
|
(22.5
|
)
|
|
|
(41.5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes and minority interest
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
29.0
|
|
|
|
44.7
|
|
|
|
65.6
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
|
|
15.0
|
|
|
|
21.3
|
|
|
|
28.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before minority interest
|
|
|
9.4
|
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
|
23.4
|
|
|
|
36.8
|
|
|
Minority interest
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
9.2
|
|
|
$
|
14.0
|
|
|
$
|
23.2
|
|
|
$
|
36.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2003, net income increased
to $36.8 million from $23.2 million in 2002. Net sales
for the year ended December 31, 2003 increased 6.0% to
$1,159.4 million from $1,093.7 million in 2002, helped
by the appreciation of foreign currencies, primarily the euro.
Excluding the impact of pre-tax amortization expense of
intangibles resulting from the Acquisition of $34.5 million
and $1.5 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively,
transaction expenses of $60.9 million in 2002 relating to
the Acquisition, 2003 legal and related costs associated with
litigation resulting from the Acquisition of $5.1 million,
$6.2 million in incremental fees and expenses paid to our
Equity Sponsors in 2003, and the favorable impact of foreign
currency appreciation of approximately $15.8 million in
2003, operating income increased 5.7% to $137.0 million in
2003 from $129.6 million in 2002. The improved result was
attributed to increased sales throughout Europe, Brazil and
Mexico, partly offset by the decreased sales in the U.S., Japan
and South Korea. We expect that sales in the U.S., Japan and
South Korea will improve following the execution of our
revitalization initiatives for 2004, which are described below.
We anticipate some impact associated with the discovery of BSE
in the United States, but do not expect this issue to have a
material effect on our business.
45
Net Sales
The following chart reconciles Retail Sales to net sales:
Sales by Geographic Regions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
The Americas
|
|
$
|
683.1
|
|
|
$
|
(324.7
|
)
|
|
$
|
358.4
|
|
|
$
|
65.9
|
|
|
$
|
424.3
|
|
|
$
|
687.9
|
|
|
$
|
(328.9
|
)
|
|
$
|
359.0
|
|
|
$
|
65.4
|
|
|
$
|
424.4
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
560.3
|
|
|
|
(266.3
|
)
|
|
|
294.0
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
|
|
|
342.7
|
|
|
|
733.4
|
|
|
|
(349.4
|
)
|
|
|
384.0
|
|
|
|
64.2
|
|
|
|
448.2
|
|
|
|
30.8
|
|
|
Asia/ Pacific Rim
|
|
|
294.7
|
|
|
|
(130.0
|
)
|
|
|
164.7
|
|
|
|
20.8
|
|
|
|
185.5
|
|
|
|
271.6
|
|
|
|
(123.6
|
)
|
|
|
148.0
|
|
|
|
19.5
|
|
|
|
167.5
|
|
|
|
(9.7
|
)
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
241.1
|
|
|
|
(117.1
|
)
|
|
|
124.0
|
|
|
|
17.2
|
|
|
|
141.2
|
|
|
|
201.5
|
|
|
|
(97.4
|
)
|
|
|
104.1
|
|
|
|
15.2
|
|
|
|
119.3
|
|
|
|
(15.5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,779.2
|
|
|
$
|
(838.1
|
)
|
|
$
|
941.1
|
|
|
$
|
152.6
|
|
|
$
|
1,093.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,894.4
|
|
|
$
|
(899.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
995.1
|
|
|
$
|
164.3
|
|
|
$
|
1,159.4
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales growth in the Americas was flat with 2002. In local
currency, net sales increased by 1.9%. The slight increase was a
result of increases in both Brazil and Mexico, which were mostly
offset by declining sales in the U.S. Net sales in Brazil
and Mexico increased 71.4% and 13.3%, respectively, while net
sales in the U.S. declined 10.3% in 2003. In the fourth
quarter of 2003, the rate of net sales decline in the
U.S. slowed in connection with the introduction of a new
sales promotion. In 2004, it is our goal to revitalize the
U.S. market through new product introductions, the enhanced
use of internet tools, the opening of strategically located
sales centers and the implementation of distributor leadership
initiatives.
Net sales in Europe increased $105.5 million or 30.8% in
2003, as compared to the prior year. In local currency, net
sales increased 14.7% as compared to 2002. The appreciation of
the euro and other European currencies was a primary reason for
the overall sales increase. Net sales in many of the established
countries like Belgium (up 115.1%), France (up 59.9%),
Netherlands (up 33.2%), Spain (up 72.2%), Switzerland
(up 54.9%) and Turkey (up 371.5%) showed notable
growth as reported in U.S. dollars. In 2004, it is our goal
to increase sales by strengthening our presence in Europe and in
particular in Russia and Greece by expanding our distributor
services and taking over the management of product distribution,
which in the past has been handled through third party importers.
Net sales in Asia/ Pacific Rim decreased $18.0 million or
9.7% in 2003, as compared to the prior year. In local currency,
net sales decreased 13.3%. The sales decrease was due to a
$32.5 million or 42.5% decline in South Korea partly offset
by a $9.6 million or 25.0% increase in Taiwan. During 2003,
we implemented several new initiatives to help the distributors
in South Korea regain momentum, including improving their
incentive arrangements and introducing new internet tools and
several new products. We believe that these initiatives have
helped stabilize sales during the second half of 2003.
Net sales in Japan decreased $21.9 million or 15.5% during
2003, as compared to the prior year. In local currency, net
sales in Japan decreased 22.8%. The decline in the Japanese
market over the last year has continued due to strong
competition and the general deterioration in economic conditions
in Japan. In 2004, it is our goal to revitalize the Japanese
market through new product introductions, enhanced use of
internet tools, and the implementation of distributor leadership
initiatives.
46
Sales by Product Category
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
&
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
Product
|
|
|
Freight
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
in Net
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Weight Management
|
|
$
|
779.8
|
|
|
$
|
(381.1
|
)
|
|
$
|
398.7
|
|
|
$
|
66.9
|
|
|
$
|
465.6
|
|
|
$
|
840.4
|
|
|
$
|
(413.2
|
)
|
|
$
|
427.2
|
|
|
$
|
72.9
|
|
|
$
|
500.1
|
|
|
|
7.4
|
%
|
|
Inner Nutrition
|
|
|
797.7
|
|
|
|
(389.8
|
)
|
|
|
407.9
|
|
|
|
68.4
|
|
|
|
476.3
|
|
|
|
849.0
|
|
|
|
(417.5
|
)
|
|
|
431.5
|
|
|
|
73.6
|
|
|
|
505.1
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
Outer Nutrition®
|
|
|
182.0
|
|
|
|
(88.9
|
)
|
|
|
93.1
|
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
|
108.7
|
|
|
|
177.6
|
|
|
|
(87.3
|
)
|
|
|
90.3
|
|
|
|
15.4
|
|
|
|
105.7
|
|
|
|
(2.8
|
)
|
|
Literature, Promotional and Other
|
|
|
19.7
|
|
|
|
21.7
|
|
|
|
41.4
|
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
43.1
|
|
|
|
27.4
|
|
|
|
18.7
|
|
|
|
46.1
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
48.5
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,779.2
|
|
|
$
|
(838.1
|
)
|
|
$
|
941.1
|
|
|
$
|
152.6
|
|
|
$
|
1,093.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,894.4
|
|
|
$
|
(899.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
995.1
|
|
|
$
|
164.3
|
|
|
$
|
1,159.4
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in net sales for weight management and inner
nutrition products was due to our increased emphasis on
science-based products. In addition, during 2002 we rationalized
our Outer Nutrition® line by eliminating color cosmetics,
resulting in decreased net sales in 2003. We believe that our
Outer Nutrition® product line is now better aligned with
our other product categories.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $923.6 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003, as compared to $858.2 million in
the prior year. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit for
the year ended December 31, 2003 increased from 78.5% to
79.7% as compared to the prior year. The increase in gross
profit reflected inventory management initiatives which have
reduced obsolescence by $3.5 million, a decrease in freight
and duty expenses of $3.2 million, and the favorable impact
of stronger foreign currencies.
Royalty Overrides
Royalty Overrides as a percentage of net sales were 35.8% for
the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to 35.4% in
the prior year. The ratio varies slightly from period to period
primarily due to a change in the mix of products and countries
because full Royalty Overrides are not paid on certain products
or in certain countries. Due to the structure of our
compensation plan, we do not expect to see significant
fluctuations in Royalty Overrides as a percent of sales.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of
net sales were 34.6% for the year ended December 31, 2003,
as compared to 31.4% in the prior year. For the year ended
December 31, 2003, these expenses increased
$58.4 million to $401.3 million from
$342.9 million in the prior year. The increase included
$34.5 million amortization expense of intangibles in 2003
compared to $1.5 million in 2002. In addition, selling,
general and administrative expenses were unfavorably impacted by
approximately $10.9 million due to the appreciation of
foreign currencies, by approximately $6.9 million due to
increased promotional expenses, by approximately
$9.1 million due to litigation costs and related legal
expenses, and by approximately $6.2 million due to fees and
expenses paid to our Equity Sponsors subsequent to the
Acquisition. Lower salaries and wages expense partly offset the
increased expense reflecting efficiencies realized from various
cost savings initiatives.
Acquisition Transaction Expenses
In 2002, we recorded $21.9 million relating to fees and
$39.0 million of stock option expenses in connection with
the Acquisition.
47
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $41.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003, as compared to $22.5 million in the
prior year. The increase was mainly due to a full years
interest expense relating to the term loan, the
11
3
/
4
% Notes
and the 15.5% senior notes in 2003, as compared to only
five months of interest expense for those same items in 2002.
Income Taxes
Income taxes were $28.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003, as compared to $21.3 million for
the prior year. As a percentage of pre-tax income, the annual
effective income tax rate was 43.8% for 2003 and 47.6% for 2002.
The higher effective tax rate in 2002 reflected primarily the
non-deductibility of certain acquisition-related expenses
incurred in 2002.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations
Currency fluctuations had a favorable impact of
$9.5 million on net income for the year ended
December 31, 2003, when compared to what current year net
income would have been using 2002 foreign exchange rates. For
the year ended December 31, 2003, the regional effects were
an unfavorable impact of $3.2 million in the Americas, a
favorable impact of $1.5 million in Asia/ Pacific Rim, a
favorable impact of $11.2 million in Europe, and no
material impact in Japan.
Net Income
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2003, was
$36.8 million compared to net income of $23.2 million
for the prior year. Net income increased primarily because of
the factors noted above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically met our working capital and capital
expenditure requirements, including funding for expansion of
operations, through net cash flows provided by operating
activities. Our principal source of liquidity is our operating
cash flows. Variations in sales of our products would directly
affect the availability of funds. There are no material
restrictions on the ability to transfer and remit funds among
our international affiliated companies.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we generated
$130.9 million from operating cash flows, as compared to
$81.0 million in 2004. The improved operating cash flow was
primarily due to the 19.6% increase in net sales, partially
offset by higher receivables resulting from higher sales volume
and higher operating expenses primarily from increased labor,
benefit and incentive compensation.
Capital expenditures, including capital leases, for the nine
months ended September 30, 2005, were $22.3 million,
as compared to $20.7 million in 2004. The majority of these
expenditures represented investments in management information
systems, internet tools for distributors, the relocation of our
facility in Japan and the expansion of our facilities in China.
We expect to incur total capital expenditures of up to
$35.0 million in 2005 primarily related to investments in
management information systems, internet tools for distributors,
office facilities and our expansion in China.
2005 and 2006 are investment years for us in China as we expand
our business there. We currently anticipate to fund an operating
loss of approximately $5.0 million and $10.0 million
in 2005 and 2006, respectively, in addition to total capital
expenditures and working capital of up to $15.0 million for
the planned build-out of retail stores, our offices and the
expansion of the capabilities of our manufacturing facility. As
of September 30, 2005, we have invested approximately
$2.0 million in capital expenditures.
In December 2004, Herbalife completed an initial public offering
in connection with which several recapitalization transactions
were completed, including the tender for all of the outstanding
11
3
/
4
% Notes,
of which 99.9% accepted the tender offer, and a replacement of
the existing term loan and revolving credit facility with a new
$225.0 million senior credit facility. In addition, we
redeemed $110 million principal
48
amount excluding discounts or 40% of our outstanding
9
1
/
2
% Notes
in February of 2005 for the cash amount of $124.1 million,
including a premium of $10.5 million and accrued interest
of $3.6 million. Interest expense for the first six months
of 2005 includes the redemption amount of $14.2 million
which represents $10.5 million of premium and
$3.7 million of write off of deferred financing cost and
discount.
The $225.0 million senior credit facility consists of a
senior secured revolving credit facility with total availability
of up to $25.0 million and a senior secured term loan
facility in an aggregate principal amount of
$200.0 million. The revolver is available until
December 21, 2009. The revolver bears interest at LIBOR
plus 2%. In April 2005 the senior credit facility was amended
whereby the interest rate was reduced from LIBOR plus
2
1
/
4
%
to LIBOR plus
1
3
/
4
%.
In addition, the amount payable in connection with a partial or
full refinancing of the loan within the first year of the
amendment shall equal 101% of the principal amount. During the
second quarter of 2005 we prepaid $35.0 million of our
senior credit facility resulting in approximately
$0.7 million additional interest expense from write-off of
deferred financing fees.
In August 2005, the senior credit facility was amended to permit
the purchase, repurchase or redemption of up to
$50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the
9
1
/
2
% Notes
due 2011. There were no repurchases during the third quarter.
During the third quarter of 2005 we prepaid an additional
$44.7 million of our senior credit facility resulting in
approximately $0.9 million additional interest expense from
write-off of deferred financing fees. With regard to the term
loan we are obligated to pay $0.3 million every quarter
until September 30, 2010 and the remaining principal amount
on December 21, 2010. As of September 30, 2005, no
amounts had been borrowed under the revolving credit facility.
The senior credit facility and the
9
1
/
2
% Notes
include customary covenants that restrict, among other things,
the ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends or make
certain other restricted payments, incur liens, merge or sell
all or substantially all of our assets, or enter into various
transactions with affiliates. Additionally, the senior credit
facility includes covenants relating to the maintenance of
certain leverage, fixed charge coverage, and interest coverage
ratios, and requirements to make early payments to the extent of
excess cash flow, as defined therein.
The following summarizes our contractual obligations including
interest at September 30, 2005 and the effect such
obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows
in future periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 &
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Borrowings under our senior credit facility
|
|
$
|
152.3
|
|
|
$
|
1.9
|
|
|
$
|
7.7
|
|
|
$
|
7.6
|
|
|
$
|
7.6
|
|
|
$
|
7.5
|
|
|
$
|
120.0
|
|
|
11
3
/
4
% Notes
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
9
1
/
2
% Notes
|
|
|
259.0
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
188.4
|
|
|
Capitalized leases
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other debt
|
|
|
2.7
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
|
24.9
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
444.3
|
|
|
$
|
14.5
|
|
|
$
|
40.5
|
|
|
$
|
29.1
|
|
|
$
|
25.0
|
|
|
$
|
24.3
|
|
|
$
|
310.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whitney and Golden Gate Capital (and/or their affiliates) were
parties to a Share Purchase Agreement (the Share Purchase
Agreement) pursuant to which they originally purchased our
Preferred Shares. Under the terms of the Share Purchase
Agreement, Whitney and Golden Gate Capital could, subject to
approval by our board of directors and 75% of our shareholders,
require us to pay a dividend to all of our shareholders related
to certain income that may be taxable to them resulting from
their ownership of our shares. We completed our analysis with
regard to this payment and based on this analysis, we made
$1.4 million and $4.9 million dividend payments to our
shareholders in the fourth quarter of 2004, related to certain
income that may be taxable to them for the years ended
December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004, respectively.
49
In December 2004, we entered into a termination agreement with
the parties to the Share Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the
termination agreement, the Share Purchase Agreement and all
obligations and liabilities of the parties under the Share
Purchase Agreement were terminated. As consideration for the
termination of the Share Purchase Agreement, we have entered
into a Tax Indemnification Agreement with Whitney and Golden
Gate Capital (and/or their affiliates) pursuant to which we have
agreed to indemnify each of those parties for the Federal income
tax liability and any related losses they incur in respect of
income of Herbalife that is (or would be) includible in the
gross income of that party for any taxable period under
Section 951(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the Code). Under the terms of the Tax
Indemnification Agreement, we assume, for this purpose, that
each indemnified party is a United States
shareholder as defined in Section 951(b) of the Code.
We do not, however, have any obligation to provide an indemnity
with respect to any taxes or related losses incurred that have
been reimbursed under the Share Purchase Agreement. Our senior
credit facility permits us to pay these tax indemnity payments,
but restricts the aggregate amount that we can pay in any given
year to no more than $15 million. We currently anticipate
that any amounts that we are required to pay under this
agreement in the future will be immaterial to our financial
condition and operating results.
In connection with the initial public offering we paid a special
cash dividend to shareholders of record prior to the offering in
the amount of $139.7 million.
The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion
of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors,
including our earnings, financial condition, restrictions
imposed by our credit agreement, cash requirements, future
prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of
directors. Our credit agreement permits payments of dividends as
long as no default exists and the amount does not exceed
$20.0 million per fiscal year provided that the amount of
dividends may be increased by 25% of the consolidated net income
for the prior fiscal year if the Leverage Ratio (as defined in
our credit agreement) for the four fiscal quarters of such
fiscal year is less than or equal to 2.00:1.00.
As of September 30, 2005, we had working capital of
$9.4 million compared to negative $1.6 million at
December 31, 2004. Cash and cash equivalents were
$105.2 million at September 30, 2005, compared to
$201.6 million at December 31, 2004.
We expect that cash and funds provided from operations and
available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will
provide sufficient working capital to operate our business, to
make expected capital expenditures and to meet foreseeable
liquidity requirements, including debt service on the
9
1
/
2
% Notes
and the senior credit facility. There can be no assurance,
however, that our business will service our debt, including our
outstanding notes, or fund our other liquidity needs.
The majority of our purchases from suppliers are generally made
in U.S. dollars, while sales to Herbalife distributors
generally are made in local currencies. Consequently,
strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency
can have a negative impact on operating margins and can generate
transaction losses on intercompany transactions. For discussion
of our foreign exchange contracts and other hedging
arrangements, see the quantitative and qualitative disclosures
about market risks described below.
Contingencies
We are from time to time engaged in routine litigation. We
regularly review all pending litigation matters in which we are
involved and establish reserves deemed appropriate by management
for these litigation matters when a probable loss estimate can
be made.
Herbalife International and certain of its distributors have
been named as defendants in a purported class action lawsuit
filed July 16, 2003, in the Circuit Court of Ohio County in
the State of West Virginia
(Mey v. Herbalife
International, Inc., et al)
. The complaint alleges that
certain telemarketing practices of certain Herbalife
International distributors violate the Telephone Consumer
Protection Act, or TCPA, and seeks to hold Herbalife
International vicariously liable for the practices of its
distributors. More specifically, the plaintiffs complaint
alleges that several of Herbalife Internationals
distributors used pre-recorded telephone messages and
autodialers to contact prospective customers in violation of the
TCPAs prohibition of such
50
practices. Herbalife Internationals distributors are
independent contractors and, if any such distributors in fact
violated the TCPA, they also violated Herbalifes policies,
which require its distributors to comply with all applicable
federal, state and local laws. We believe that we have
meritorious defenses to the suit.
Herbalife International and certain of its independent
distributors have been named as defendants in a purported class
action lawsuit filed February 17, 2005, in the Superior
Court of California, County of San Francisco, and served on
Herbalife International on March 14, 2005
(Minton v. Herbalife International, et al)
. The
case has been transferred to the Los Angeles County Superior
Court. The plaintiff is challenging the marketing practices of
certain Herbalife International independent distributors and
Herbalife International under various state laws prohibiting
endless chain schemes, insufficient disclosure in
assisted marketing plans, unfair and deceptive business
practices, and fraud and deceit. The plaintiff alleges that the
Freedom Group system operated by certain independent
distributors of Herbalife International products places too much
emphasis on recruiting and encourages excessively large
purchases of product and promotional materials by distributors.
The plaintiff also alleges that Freedom Group pressured
distributors to disseminate misleading promotional materials.
The plaintiff seeks to hold Herbalife International vicariously
liable for the actions of its independent distributors and is
seeking damages and injunctive relief. The Company believes that
we have meritorious defenses to the suit.
In February 2005, Herbalife voluntarily elected to temporarily
withdraw its Sesame & Herb tablet product from the
Israeli market. This product, which has been on the market since
1989, is sold only in Israel. Herbalifes voluntary
decision to temporarily withdraw this product accompanied the
initiation of a review by the Israeli Ministry of Health (the
Israel MOH) of a small number of anecdotal case
reports of individuals having liver dysfunction who had also
consumed Herbalife products. Herbalife scientists and medical
doctors are closely cooperating with the Israel MOH to
facilitate this ongoing review. In May 2005, the Israel MOH
issued a press release stating that although their investigation
was continuing, no causal link has been shown between the
consumption of Herbalife products and liver function
abnormalities. In addition, the Israel MOH requested that
individuals consuming or intending to consume Herbalife products
obtain liver function tests before and one month after beginning
their use, and that persons with liver function disorders
refrain from consuming dietary supplements. Independent analysis
of Herbalifes Israeli products has confirmed that
Herbalife products do not contain any substances indicated by
the Israel MOH as being of concern in relation to this small
number of reported cases of liver dysfunction. Herbalife
believes that Herbalife products are not the cause of these few
reported anecdotal cases of liver dysfunction.
As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements and other
products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their
bodies, we have been and are currently subjected to various
product liability claims. The effects of these claims to date
have not been material to us, and the reasonably possible range
of exposure on currently existing claims is not material to us.
We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the allegations
contained in the lawsuits. We currently maintain product
liability insurance with a self insured retention of
$10 million.
Certain of our subsidiaries have been subject to tax audits by
governmental authorities in their respective countries. In
certain of these tax audits, governmental authorities are
proposing that significant amounts of additional taxes and
related interest and penalties are due. We and our tax advisors
believe that there are substantial defenses to their allegations
that additional taxes are owed, and we are vigorously contesting
the additional proposed taxes and related charges.
These matters may take several years to resolve, and we cannot
be sure of their ultimate resolution. However, it is the opinion
of management that adverse outcomes, if any, will not likely
result in a material effect on our financial condition and
operating results. This opinion is based on our belief that any
losses we suffer in excess of amounts reserved would not be
material and that we have meritorious defenses. Although we have
reserved an amount that we believe represents the likely outcome
of the resolution of these disputes, if we are incorrect in our
assessment, we may have to record additional expenses.
51
Critical Accounting Policies
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, which require us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenue and expenses during the year. Actual results could
differ from those estimates. We consider the following policies
to be most critical in understanding the judgments that are
involved in preparing the financial statements and the
uncertainties that could impact our results of operations,
financial condition and cash flows.
We are a network marketing company that sells a wide range of
weight management products, nutritional supplements and personal
care products within one industry segment as defined under
SFAS 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise
and Related Information. Our products are manufactured by
third party providers and then sold to independent distributors
who sell Herbalife products to retail consumers or other
distributors.
We sell products in 60 countries throughout the world and
are organized and managed by geographic region. In the first
quarter of 2003, we elected to aggregate our operating segments
into one reporting segment, as management believes that our
operating segments have similar operating characteristics and
similar long term operating performance. In making this
determination, management believes that the operating segments
are similar with regard to the nature of the products sold, the
product acquisition process, the types of customers products are
sold to, the methods used to distribute the products, and the
nature of the regulatory environment.
Revenue is recognized when products are shipped and title passes
to the independent distributor or importer. Amounts billed for
freight and handling costs are included in net sales. We
generally receive the net sales price in cash or through credit
card payments at the point of sale. Related royalty overrides
and allowances for product returns are recorded when the
merchandise is shipped.
Allowances for product returns primarily in connection with our
buyback program are provided at the time the product is shipped.
This accrual is based upon historic return rates for each
country, which vary from zero to approximately 5.0% of Retail
Sales, and the relevant return pattern, which reflects
anticipated returns to be received over a period of up to
12 months following the original sale. Historically,
product returns and buybacks have not been significant. Product
returns and buybacks as a percentage of Retail Sales were
approximately 0.99%, and 1.0%, for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2004 and 2005, respectively. No
material changes in estimates have been recognized for the nine
months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005.
Royalty overrides receivables and the related allowances for
estimated uncollectible royalty overrides receivables are
calculated and recorded as contra-liabilities to the royalty
overrides liabilities on the balance sheet. During the third
quarter of 2005, we changed the way we estimate the allowances
based on new information that allows us to analyze royalty
overrides receivables and offsetting royalty payable balances.
Consequently, the change in estimate to the allowance for
uncollectible royalty overrides receivable was reduced by
$4.0 million during the quarter ended September 30,
2005.
We record reserves against our inventory to provide for
estimated obsolete or unsalable inventory based on assumptions
about future demand for our products and market conditions. If
future demand and market conditions are less favorable than
managements assumptions, additional reserves could be
required. Likewise, favorable future demand and market
conditions could positively impact future operating results if
previously reserved for inventory is sold. We reserved for
obsolete and slow moving inventory totaling $6.2 million
and $8.1 million as of December 31, 2004 and
September 30, 2005, respectively.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) 144, long-lived assets, such as
property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangibles
subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of
assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the
carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future
cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the
52
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash
flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which
the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the
asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in
the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying
amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer
depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group
classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the
appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
Goodwill and other intangibles not subject to amortization are
tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment
more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the
asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the
extent that the carrying amount exceeds the assets fair
value. This determination is made at the reporting unit level
and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the
fair value of a reporting unit and compares it to its carrying
amount.
Second, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its
fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of
the carrying amount of the reporting units goodwill and
other intangibles over the implied fair value. The implied fair
value is determined by allocating the fair value of the
reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price
allocation, in accordance with SFAS No. 141,
Business Combinations
. The residual fair value after this
allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit
goodwill and other intangibles. As of September 30, 2005,
we had goodwill of approximately $144.6 million, and
marketing franchise of $310.0 million. Goodwill was reduced
in the third quarter by approximately $16.0 million to
reflect a reduction in the valuation allowance established at
the time of the Acquisition against pre-Acquisition tax benefits.
Contingencies are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 5,
Accounting for Contingencies. SFAS 5 requires
that we record an estimated loss from a loss contingency when
information available prior to issuance of our financial
statements indicates that it is probable that an asset has been
impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the
financial statements and the amount of the loss can be
reasonably estimated. Accounting for contingencies such as legal
and income tax matters requires us to use judgment. Many of
these legal and tax contingencies can take years to be resolved.
Generally, as the time period increases over which the
uncertainties are resolved, the likelihood of changes to the
estimate of the ultimate outcome increases.
Deferred income tax assets have been established for net
operating loss carryforwards of certain foreign subsidiaries and
have been reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect them at
amounts estimated to be ultimately recognized. The net operating
loss carryforwards expire in varying amounts over a future
period of time. Realization of the income tax carryforwards is
dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to
expiration of the carryforwards. Although realization is not
assured, we believe it is more likely than not that the net
carrying value of the income tax carryforwards will be realized.
The amount of the income tax carryforwards that is considered
realizable, however, could change if estimates of future taxable
income during the carryforward period are adjusted.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) enacted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards 123 revised 2004
(SFAS 123R), Share-Based Payment
which replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 123 (SFAS 123), Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation and supersedes Accounting
Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.
SFAS 123R requires the measurement of all employee
share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee
stock options, using a fair-value-based method and the recording
of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. The
accounting provisions of SFAS 123R are effective for
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005.
We are required to adopt SFAS 123R in the first quarter of
fiscal 2006. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted
under SFAS 123 no longer will be an alternative to
financial statement recognition. See Note 8 in our Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for the pro forma net income
and net income per share amounts, for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2004 and 2005, respectively, as if we
had used a fair-value-based method similar to the methods
required under SFAS 123R to measure compensation expense
for employee stock incentive awards. Although we have not yet
determined whether the adoption of SFAS 123R will result in
amounts that are similar to the current pro forma disclosures
under SFAS 123, we
53
are evaluating the requirements under SFAS 123R and on a
preliminary basis we expect the adoption will not have a
material impact on our consolidated statements of income,
relative to currently existing options.
In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position
No. FAS 109-2 (FAS 109-2),
Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for the Foreign
Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs
Creations Act of 2004 (AJCA). The AJCA
introduces a limited time 85% dividends received deduction on
the repatriation of certain foreign earnings to a
U.S. taxpayer (repatriation provision),
provided certain criteria are met. FAS 109-2 provides
accounting and disclosure guidance for the repatriation
provision. This provision will not provide a material benefit to
the Company.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151,
Inventory Costs, an amendment of ARB No. 43,
Chapter 4, which requires that abnormal amounts of
idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and wasted
material (spoilage) be recognized as current-period charges. In
addition, the statement requires that allocation of fixed
production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the
normal capacity of the production facilities.
SFAS No. 151 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after June 15, 2005. We will adopt this statement as
required, and we do not believe the adoption will have a
material effect on our results of operations, financial
condition or liquidity.
In May 2005, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 154, Accounting
Changes and Error Corrections. SFAS No. 154
requires restatement of prior periods financial statements
for changes in accounting principle, unless it is impracticable
to determine either the period-specific effects or the
cumulative effect of the change. Also, SFAS No. 154
requires that retrospective application of a change in
accounting principle be limited to the direct effects of the
change. SFAS No. 154 is effective for accounting
changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2005.
54