FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITS
This section of the prospectus describes some of the more important federal income tax risks and consequences of your participation in our company. No information
regarding state and local taxes is provided.
EACH PROSPECTIVE MEMBER SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR CONCERNING THE IMPACT THAT HIS OR HER INVESTMENT IN THE COMPANY
MAY HAVE ON HIS OR HER FEDERAL INCOME TAX LIABILITY AND THE APPLICATION OF STATE AND LOCAL INCOME AND OTHER TAX LAWS TO HIS OR HER INVESTMENT IN THE COMPANY.
Although we will
furnish unit holders with such information regarding the Company as is required for income tax purposes, each unit holder will be responsible for preparing and filing his or her own tax returns.
The
following summary of the tax aspects is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), existing Treasury Department regulations ("Regulations"), and
administrative rulings and judicial decisions interpreting the Code. Significant uncertainty exists regarding certain tax aspects of limited liability companies. Such uncertainty is due, in part, to
continuing changes in federal tax law that have not been fully interpreted through regulations or judicial decisions. Tax legislation may be enacted in the future that will affect the company and a
unit holder's investment in the company. Additionally, the interpretation of existing law and
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regulations
described here may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service during an audit of our information return. If successful, such a challenge likely would result in adjustment of a unit
holder's individual return.
The
tax opinion contained in this section and the opinion attached as Exhibit 8.1 to the registration statement constitutes the opinion of our tax counsel, Brown, Winick, Graves,
Gross, Baskerville & Schoenebaum, P.L.C., regarding our classification for federal income tax purposes. An opinion of legal counsel represents an expression of legal counsel's professional
judgment regarding the subject matter of the opinion. It is neither a guarantee of any indicated result nor an undertaking to defend any indicated result should that result be challenged by the
Internal Revenue Service. This opinion is in no way binding on the Internal Revenue Service or on any court of law.
In
the opinion attached as Exhibit 8.1 to the registration statement, our tax counsel has also confirmed as correct their representation to us that the statements and legal
conclusions contained in this section regarding general federal income tax consequences of owning our units as a result of our partnership tax classification are accurate in all material respects. The
tax consequences to us and our members are highly dependent on matters of fact that may occur at a future date and are not addressed in our tax counsel's opinion. With the exception of our tax
counsel's opinion that we will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, this section represents an expression of our tax counsel's professional judgment regarding general federal
income tax consequences of owning our units, insofar as it relates to matters of law and legal conclusions. This section is based on the assumptions and qualifications stated or referenced in this
section. It is neither a guarantee of the indicated result nor an undertaking to defend the indicated result should it be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service. No rulings have been or will be
requested from the IRS concerning any of the tax matters we describe. Accordingly, you should know that the opinion of our tax counsel does not assure the intended tax consequences because it is in no
way binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court of law. The IRS or a court may disagree with the following discussion or with any of the positions taken by us for federal income tax reporting
purposes, and the opinion of our tax counsel may not be sufficient for an investor to use for the purpose of avoiding penalties relating to a substantial understatement of income tax under
Section 6662(d).
See
"FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITSInterest on Underpayment of Taxes; Accuracy-Related
Penalties; Negligence Penalties" below.
Investors
are urged to consult their own tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax and financial situations, including the application and effect of state, local, and other
tax laws, and any possible changes in the tax laws after the date of this prospectus. This section is not to be constructed as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Partnership Status
Our tax counsel has opined that, assuming we do not elect to be treated as a corporation, we will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
This means that we will not pay any federal income tax and the unit holders will pay tax on their shares of our net income. Under recently revised Treasury regulations, known as
"check-the-box" regulations, an unincorporated entity such as a limited liability company will be taxed as partnership unless the entity is considered a publicly traded limited
partnership or the entity affirmatively elects to be taxed as a corporation.
We
will not elect to be taxed as a corporation and will endeavor to take steps as are feasible and advisable to avoid classification as a publicly traded limited partnership. Congress
has shown no inclination to adopt legislation that would jeopardize the tax classification of the many entities that have acted in reliance on the check-the-box regulations.
As
a partnership, if we fail to qualify for partnership taxation, we would be treated as a "C corporation" for federal income tax purposes. As a C corporation, we would be taxed on our
taxable income at corporate rates, currently at a maximum rate of 35%. Distributions would generally be taxed again to unit holders as corporate dividends. In addition, unit holders would not be
required to report their shares of our income, gains, losses, or deductions on their tax returns until such are distributed. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporate entity, the cash
available for distribution to unit holders would be reduced by the amount of tax paid, in which case the value of the units would be reduced.
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Publicly Traded Partnership Rules
To qualify for taxation as a partnership, we cannot be a publicly traded partnership under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally,
Section 7704 provides that a publicly traded partnership will be taxed as a corporation if its interests are:
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Traded
on an established securities market; or
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Readily
tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent.
Although
there is no legal authority on whether a limited liability company is subject to these rules, in the opinion of our counsel, it is probable that we are subject to the publicly
traded partnership rules because we elected to be classified and taxed as a partnership.
We
will seek to avoid being treated as a publicly traded partnership. Under Section 1.7704-1(d) of the Treasury Regulations, interests in a partnership are not
considered traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market unless the partnership participates in the establishment of the market or the inclusion of its interests
in a market, or the partnership recognizes any transfers made on the market by redeeming the transferor partner or admitting transferee as a partner.
We
do not intend to list the units on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NASDAQ Stock Market, or any other stock exchange. In addition, our operating agreement prohibits any transfer of
units without the approval of our directors. Our directors intend to approve transfers that fall within safe harbor provisions of the Treasury Regulations, so that we will not be classified as a
publicly traded partnership. These safe harbor provisions generally provide that the units will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market, or the substantial equivalent, if the
interests are transferred:
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In
"private" transfers;
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Pursuant
to a qualified matching service; or
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In
limited amounts that satisfy a 2% test.
Private
transfers include, among others:
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Transfers
by gifts in which the transferee's tax basis in the units is determined by reference to the transferor's tax basis in the interests transferred;
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Transfers
at death, including transfers from an estate or testamentary trust;
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Transfers
between members of a family as defined in Section 267(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code;
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Transfers
from retirement plans qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or an IRA; and
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"Block
transfers." A block transfer is a transfer by a unit holder and any related persons as defined in the Internal Revenue Code in one or more transactions during any
thirty-calendar-day period of units that in the aggregate represents more than 2% of the total interests in partnership capital or profits.
Transfers
through a qualified matching service are also disregarded in determining whether interests are readily tradable. A matching service is qualified only if:
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It
consists of a computerized or printed system that lists customers' bid and/or ask prices in order to match unit holders who want to sell with persons who want to buy;
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Matching
occurs either by matching the list of interested buyers with the list of interested sellers or through a bid and ask process that allows interested buyers to bid on
the listed interest;
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The
seller cannot enter into a binding agreement to sell the interest until the 15
th
calendar day after his interest is listed, which time period must be
confirmable by maintenance of contemporaneous records;
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The
closing of a sale effectuated through the matching service does not occur prior to the 45
th
calendar day after the interest is listed;
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-
The
matching service displays only quotes that do not commit any person to buy or sell an interest at the quoted price (nonfirm price quotes), or quotes that express an
interest in acquiring an interest
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In
addition, interests are not treated as readily tradable if the sum of the percentage of the interests transferred during the entity's tax year, excluding private transfers, do not
exceed 2% of the total interests in partnership capital or profits. We expect to use a combination of these safe harbor provisions to avoid being treated as a publicly traded partnership.
Tax Treatment of our Operation Flow-Through Taxable Income and Loss; Use of Calendar Year
We will pay no federal income tax. Instead, as unit holders, investors will be required to report on their income tax return their allocable share of the income,
gains, losses, and deductions we have recognized without regard to whether they receive cash distributions.
Because
we will be taxed as a partnership, we will have our own taxable year that is separate from the taxable years of our unit holders. Unless a business purpose can be established to
support a different taxable year, a partnership must use the "majority interest taxable year" which is the taxable year that conforms to the taxable year of the holders of more than 50% of its
interests. In this case, the majority interest taxable year is the calendar year.
Tax Consequences to Our Unit Holders
As a unit holder, for your taxable year with which or within which our taxable year ends you will be required to report on your own income tax return, your
distributive share of our income, gains, losses and deductions regardless of whether you receive any cash distributions. To illustrate, a unit holder reporting on a calendar year basis will include
his or her share of our 2004 taxable income or loss on his or her 2004 income tax return. A unit holder with a June 30 fiscal year will report his share of our 2004 taxable income or loss on
his income tax return for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005. We will provide each unit holder with an annual Schedule K-1 indicating such holder's share of our income,
loss and separately stated components.
Tax Treatment of Distributions
Distributions made by us to a unit holder generally will not be taxable to the unit holder for federal income tax purposes as long as distributions do not exceed
the unit holder's basis in his units immediately before the distribution. Cash distributions in excess of unit basis, which is unlikely to occur, are treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the
units under the rules described below for unit dispositions.
Initial Tax Basis of Units and Periodic Basis Adjustments
Under Section 722 of the Internal Revenue Code, investors' initial basis in the units investors purchase will be equal to the sum of the amount of money
investors paid for investors' units. Here, an investor's initial basis in each unit purchased will be $1,100.
An
investor's' initial basis in the units will be increased to reflect the investor's distributive share of our taxable income, tax-exempt income, gains, and any increase in
the investor's share of recourse and qualified non-recourse indebtedness. If the investor makes additional capital contributions at any time, the adjusted basis of the investor's units
will be increased by the amount of any cash contributed or the adjusted basis in any property contributed if additional units are not distributed to investors.
The
basis of an investor's units will be decreased, but not below zero, by:
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The
amount of any cash we distribute to the investors;
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The
basis of any other property distributed to the investor; and
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The
investor's distributive share of losses and nondeductible expenditures that are "not properly chargeable to capital account"; and
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Any
reduction in the investor's share of certain items of Company debt.
The
unit basis calculations are complex. A member is only required to compute unit basis if the computation is necessary to determine his tax liability, but accurate records should be
maintained. Typically, basis computations are necessary at the following times:
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The
end of a taxable year during which we suffered a loss, for the purpose of determining the deductibility of the member's share of the loss;
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Upon
the liquidation or disposition of a member's interest, or
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Upon
the non-liquidating distribution of cash or property to an investor, in order to ascertain the basis of distributed property or the taxability of cash
distributed.
Except
in the case of a taxable sale of a unit or the Company's liquidation, exact computations usually are not necessary. For example, a unit holder who regularly receives cash
distributions that are less than or equal to his or her share of our taxable income will have a positive unit basis at all times. Consequently, no computations are necessary to demonstrate that cash
distributions are not taxable under Section 731(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of the basis adjustments is to keep track of a member's tax investment in us, with a view toward
preventing double taxation or exclusion from taxation of income items upon ultimate disposition of the units.
Tax Credits to Unit Holders
"Small Ethanol Producers" are allowed a 10-cents-per-gallon production income tax credit on up to 15 million gallons of
production annually. Under current law, small ethanol producers are those ethanol producers producing less than 30 million gallons per year. Based upon the opinion of our counsel, we do not
expect to be classified as a small ethanol producer for purposes of the tax credit because we expect to produce approximately 35 million gallons of ethanol per year.
Although
we do not qualify to receive the credit under current law, federal tax legislation has been introduced, which, if enacted, would change the definition of a "Small Ethanol
Producer." Specifically, producers producing up to 60 million gallons of ethanol per year would become eligible to receive the credit. If the tax legislation were enacted, we would expect to
become able to receive the credit for our first 15 million gallons of annual production. If we do become eligible to receive the credit, because we expect to be classified as a partnership for
tax purposes, we would expect to pass the tax credits through to our unit holders. Unit holders would then be able to report and utilize the tax credits on their own income tax returns. However, there
is no assurance that the tax legislation will be passed by the Congress or enacted into law by the President.
Under
current law, the small ethanol producer tax credit is a "passive" credit. This means that unit holders will be able to utilize the tax credits only to reduce the tax on passive
activity income.
See
"FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITSPassive Activity Income" on page 72. Although
we would generate passive income for our unit holders, there can be no assurance when, if ever, we will generate passive income allowing the use of credits. Further, each unit holder may have other
sources of passive activity income or loss that will affect the ability to utilize the credits. Unused credits may be carried forward to offset tax on passive activity income in future years. However,
if the proposed tax legislation were enacted, unit holders would be allowed to utilize the tax credits to reduce their tax on income from other than passive sources. However, there is no assurance
that the tax legislation will be passed by the Congress or enacted into law by the President.
Under
current law, the small ethanol producer tax credit does not apply to reduce the alternative minimum tax, "AMT." As a result, although the tax credit may otherwise apply, certain
unit holders may not realize the full benefit of the tax credit due to the application of the AMT. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 changed the tax law for tax years beginning after
December 31, 2004 to allow the credit to reduce the AMT.
Under
current law, unit holders utilizing the small ethanol producer tax credit would be required to increase taxable income by the amount of the credit in their gross income before
utilizing the credit to reduce any tax on their passive income. This means that although the credits may reduce the tax liability resulting from a unit holder's passive income, the net result would
not reduce the unit holder's total tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Instead, the net-benefit would be a lesser amount. Unit holders in higher marginal
income tax brackets generally would benefit less than unit holders in lower marginal tax brackets. The proposed tax legislation, if
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enacted,
would repeal the present rule requiring the amount of the credit to be included in income. However, there is no assurance that the tax legislation will be passed by the Congress or enacted
into law by the President.
The
small ethanol producers tax credit originally scheduled to expire in 2007 has been extended through 2010. Although Congress may further extend or make permanent the credit, there is
no assurance that the tax credit will be extended beyond 2010.
Deductibility of Losses; At-Risk Passive Loss Limitations
Generally, a unit holder may deduct losses allocated to him, subject to a number of restrictions. An investor's ability to deduct any losses we allocate to the
investor is determined by applying the following three limitations dealing with basis, at-risk and passive losses:
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Basis.
An investor may not deduct an amount exceeding the investor's adjusted basis in the investor's units
pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 704(d). If the investor's share of the Company's losses exceed the investor's basis in the investor's units at the end of any taxable year, such excess
losses, to the extent that they exceed the investor's adjusted basis, may be carried over indefinitely and deducted to the extent that at the end of any succeeding year the investor's adjusted basis
in the investor's units exceeds zero.
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At-Risk Rules.
Under the "at-risk" provisions of Section 465 of the Internal
Revenue Code, if an investor is an individual taxpayer, including an individual partner in a partnership, or a closely-held corporation, the investor may deduct losses and tax credits from
a trade or business activity, and thereby reduce the investor's taxable income from other sources, only to the extent the investor is considered "at risk" with respect to that particular activity. The
amount an investor is considered to have "at risk" includes money contributed to the activity and certain amounts borrowed with respect to the activity for which the investor may be liable.
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Passive Loss Rules.
Section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code may substantially restrict an investor's
ability to deduct losses and tax credits from passive activities. Passive activities generally include activities conducted by pass-through entities, such as a limited liability company,
certain partnerships, or S corporations, in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. Generally, losses from passive activities are deductible only to the extent of the taxpayer's income
from other passive activities. Passive activity losses that are not deductible may be carried forward and deducted against future passive activity income or may be deducted in full upon disposition of
a unit holder's entire interest in us to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction. It is important to note that "passive activities" do not include dividends and interest income that normally
is considered to be "passive" in nature. For unit holders who borrow to purchase their units, interest expense attributable to the amount borrowed will be aggregated with other items of income and
loss from passive activities and subjected to the passive activity loss limitation. To illustrate, if a unit holder's only passive activity is our limited liability company, and if we incur a net
loss, no interest expense on the related borrowing would be deductible. If that unit holder's share of our taxable income were less than the related interest expense, the excess would be
nondeductible. In both instances, the disallowed interest would be suspended and would be deductible against future passive activity income or upon disposition of the unit holder's entire interest in
our limited liability company to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction.
Passive Activity Income
If we are successful in achieving our investment and operating objectives, investors may be allocated taxable income from us. To the extent that an investor's
share of our net income constitutes income from a passive activity, as described above, such income may generally be offset by the investor's net losses and credits from investments in other passive
activities.
Alternative Minimum Tax
If we adopt accelerated methods of depreciation, it is possible that taxable income for Alternative Minimum Tax purposes might exceed regular taxable income
passed through to the unit holders. No decision has been made on this point, but we believe that most unit holders are unlikely to be adversely affected by excess alternative minimum taxable income.
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Allocations of Income and Losses
Your distributive share of our income, gain, loss, or deduction for federal income tax purposes generally is determined in accordance with our operating
agreement. Under Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, however, the IRS will respect our allocation, or a portion of it, only if it either has "substantial economic effect" or is in
accordance with the "partner's interest in the partnership." If the allocation or portion thereof contained in our operating agreement does not meet either test, the IRS may reallocate these items in
accordance with its determination of each member's economic interest in us. Treasury Regulations contain guidelines as to whether partnership allocations have substantial economic effect. The
allocations contained in the operating agreement are intended to comply with the Treasury Regulations' test for having substantial economic effect. New unit holders will be allocated a proportionate
share of income or loss for the year in which they became unit holders. The operating agreement permits our directors to select any method and convention permissible under Internal Revenue Code
Section 706(d) for the allocation of tax items during the time any person is admitted as a unit holder. In addition, the operating agreement provides that upon the transfer of all or a portion
of a unit holder's units, other than at the end of the fiscal year, the entire year's net income or net loss allocable to the transferred units will be apportioned between the transferor and
transferee.
Tax Consequences Upon Disposition of Units
Gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of our units equal to the difference between the amount realized and the unit holder's basis in the units sold. The
amount realized includes cash and the fair market value of any property received plus the member's share of our debt. Although unlikely, since debt is included in an investor's basis, it is possible
that an investor could have a tax liability upon the sale of the investor's units that exceeds the proceeds of sale.
Gain
or loss recognized by a unit holder on the sale or exchange of a unit held for more than one year generally will be taxed as long-term capital gain or loss. A portion of
this gain or loss, however, will be separately computed and taxed as ordinary income or loss under Internal Revenue Code Section 751 to the extent attributable to depreciation recapture or
other "unrealized receivables" or "substantially appreciated inventory" owned by us. We will adopt conventions to assist those members that sell units in apportioning the gain among the various
categories.
Effect of Tax Code Section 754 Election on Unit Transfers
The adjusted basis of each unit holder in his units, "outside basis" initially will equal his proportionate share of our adjusted basis in our assets, "inside
basis." Over time, however, it is probable that changes in unit values and cost recovery deductions will cause the value of a unit to differ materially from the unit holder's proportionate share of
the inside basis. Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code permits a partnership to make an election that allows a transferee who acquires units either by purchase or upon the death of a unit
holder to adjust his share of the inside basis to fair market value as reflected by the unit price in the case of a purchase or the estate tax value of the unit in the case of an acquisition upon
death of a unit holder. Once the amount of the transferee's basis adjustment is determined, it is allocated among our various assets pursuant to Section 755 of the Internal Revenue Code.
A
Section 754 election is beneficial to the transferee when his outside basis is greater than his proportionate share of the entity's inside basis. In this case, a special basis
calculation is made solely for the benefit of the transferee that will determine his cost recovery deductions and his gain or loss on disposition of property by reference to his higher outside basis.
The Section 754 election will be detrimental to the transferee if his outside basis is less than his proportionate share of inside basis.
If
we make a Section 754 election, Treasury regulations require us to make the basis adjustments. In addition, these regulations place the responsibility for reporting basis
adjustments on us. We must report basis adjustments by attaching statements to our partnership returns. In addition, we are required to adjust specific partnership items in light of the basis
adjustments. Consequently, amounts reported on the transferee's Schedule K-1 are adjusted amounts.
Transferees
are subject to an affirmative obligation to notify us of their bases in acquired interests. To accommodate concerns about the reliability of the information provided, we are
entitled to rely on the written representations of transferees concerning either the amount paid for the partnership interest or the transferee's basis in the partnership interest under
Section 1014 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless clearly erroneous.
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Our
operating agreement provides our directors with authority to determine whether or not a Section 754 election will be made. Depending on the circumstances, the value of units
may be affected positively or negatively by whether or not we make a Section 754 election. If we decide to make a Section 754 election, the election will be made on a timely filed
partnership income tax return and is effective for transfers occurring in the taxable year of the return in which the election is made. Once made, the Section 754 election is irrevocable unless
the Internal Revenue Service consents to its revocation.
Our Dissolution and Liquidation may be Taxable to Investors, Unless our Properties are Distributed In-Kind
Our dissolution and liquidation will involve the distribution to investors of the assets, if any, remaining after payment of all of our debts and liabilities.
Upon dissolution, investors' units may be liquidated by one or more distributions of cash or other property. If investors receive only cash upon the dissolution, gain would be recognized by investors
to the extent, if any, that the amount of cash received exceeds investors' adjusted bases in investors' units. We will recognize no gain or loss if we distribute our own property in a dissolution.
However, since our primary asset will likely be the ethanol plant, it is unlikely that we will make a distribution in kind.
Reporting Requirements
The IRS requires a taxpayer who sells or exchanges a membership unit to notify the Company in writing within 30 days, or for transfers occurring on or
after December 16 of any year, by January 15 of the following year.
Although the IRS reporting requirement is limited to Section 751(a) exchanges, it is likely that any transfer of a Company membership unit will constitute a Section 751(a) exchange. The
written notice required by the IRS must include the names and addresses of both parties to the exchange, the identifying numbers of the transferor, and if known, of the transferee, and the exchange
date. Currently the IRS imposes a penalty of $50 for failure to file the written notice unless reasonable cause can be shown.
Tax Information to Members
We will annually provide each member with a Schedule K-1 (or an authorized substitute). Each member's Schedule K-1 will set
out the holder's distributive share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit to be separately stated. Each member must report all items consistently with Schedule K-1
or, if an inconsistent position is reported, must notify the IRS of any inconsistency by filing Form 8062 "Notice of Inconsistent Treatment or Administrative Adjustment Request" with the
original or amended return in which the inconsistent position is taken.
Audit of Income Tax Returns
The IRS may audit our income tax returns and may challenge positions taken by us for tax purposes and may seek to change our allocations of income, gain, loss,
and deduction to investors. If the IRS were successful in challenging our allocations in a manner that reduces loss or increases income allocable to investors, investors may have additional tax
liabilities. In addition, such an audit could lead to separate audits of an investor's tax returns, especially if adjustments are required, which could result in adjustments on an investors' tax
returns. Any of these events could result in additional tax liabilities, penalties and interest to investors, and the cost of filing amended tax returns.
Generally,
investors are required to file their tax returns in a manner consistent with the information returns filed by us, such as Schedule K-1, or investors may be
subject to possible penalties, unless they file a statement with their tax returns describing any inconsistency. In addition, we will select a "tax matters member" who will have certain
responsibilities with respect to any IRS audit and any court litigation relating to us. Investors should consult their tax advisors as to the potential impact these procedural rules may have on them.
Prior
to 1982, regardless of the size of a partnership, adjustments to a partnership's items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit had to be made in separate proceedings with
respect to each partner individually. Because a large partnership sometimes had many partners located in different audit districts, adjustments to items of income, gains, losses, deductions, or
credits of the partnership had to be made in numerous actions in several jurisdictions, sometimes with conflicting outcomes. The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 ("TEFRA") established
unified audit rules applicable to all but certain small partnerships. These rules require the tax treatment of all "partnership items" to be determined at the partnership, rather than the partner,
level. Partnership items are those items that are more appropriately determined at the partnership level than at the
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partner
level, as provided by regulations. Since we will be taxed as a partnership, the TEFRA rules are applicable to our members and us.
The
IRS may challenge the reporting position of a partnership by conducting a single administrative proceeding to resolve the issue with respect to all partners. But the IRS must still
assess any resulting deficiency against each of the taxpayers who were partners in the year in which the understatement of tax liability arose. Any partner of a partnership can request an
administrative adjustment or a refund for his own separate tax liability. Any partner also has the right to participate in partnership-level administrative proceedings. A settlement agreement with
respect to partnership items binds all parties to the settlement. The TEFRA rules establish the "Tax Matters Member" as the primary representative of a partnership in dealings with the IRS. The Tax
Matters Member must be a "member-manager" which is defined as a company member who, alone or together with others, is vested with the continuing exclusive authority to make the management decisions
necessary to conduct the business for which the organization was formed. In our case, this would be a member of the board of directors who is also a unit holder of the company. Our operating agreement
provides for board designation of the Tax Matters Member. Currently, William R. Pracht is serving as our Tax Matters Member. The IRS generally is required to give notice of the beginning of
partnership-level administrative proceedings and any resulting administrative adjustment to all partners whose names and addresses are furnished to the IRS.
Interest on Underpayment of Taxes; Accuracy-Related Penalties; Negligence Penalties
If we incorrectly report an investor's distributive share of our net income, such may cause the investor to underpay his taxes. If it is determined that the
investor underpaid his taxes for any taxable year, the investor must pay the amount of taxes he underpaid plus interest on the underpayment and possibly penalties from the date the tax was originally
due. Under recent law changes, the accrual of interest and penalties may be suspended for certain qualifying individual taxpayers if the IRS does not notify an investor of amounts owing within
18 months of the date the investor filed his income tax return. The suspension period ends 21 days after the IRS sends the required notice. The rate of interest is compounded daily and
is adjusted quarterly.
Under
Section 6662 of the Internal Revenue Code, penalties may be imposed relating to the accuracy of tax returns that are filed. A 20% penalty is imposed with respect to any
"substantial understatement of income tax" and with respect to the portion of any underpayment of tax attributable to a "substantial valuation misstatement" or to "negligence." All those penalties are
subject to an exception to the extent a taxpayer had reasonable cause for a position and acted in good faith.
The
IRS may impose a 20% penalty with respect to any underpayment of tax attributable to negligence. An underpayment of taxes is attributable to negligence if such underpayment results
from any failure to make a reasonable attempt to comply with the provisions of the Code, or any careless, reckless, or intentional disregard of the federal income tax rules or regulations. In
addition, regulations provide that the failure by a taxpayer to include on a tax return any amount shown on an information return is strong evidence of negligence. The disclosure of a position on the
taxpayer's return will not necessarily prevent the imposition of the negligence penalty.
State and Local Taxes
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described above, investors should consider the state and local tax consequences of an investment in us. This
prospectus makes no attempt to summarize the state and local tax
consequences to an investor. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding state and local tax obligations.