Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read this discussion together with
the financial statements and other financial information
included in this prospectus.
Overview
We design, market and license intelligent
solid-state lighting systems. We outsource the manufacture of
our systems to contract manufacturers, primarily in Asia. We
operate in two lines of business:
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Lighting systems:
we
offer intelligent solid-state lighting systems under the Color
Kinetics brand for installation in lighting projects where their
use has typically been specified by a designer or architect.
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OEM and licensing:
we offer a standard line of intelligent solid-state lighting
modules that are incorporated by manufacturers in products sold
under their own brands. We also license our technology on a
royalty-bearing basis.
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We sell our lighting systems and OEM products
through our direct sales force and through distributors and
manufacturers representatives in North America, Asia,
Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. Licensing
arrangements are handled through our direct sales force, often
with the involvement of our senior management.
In a typical lighting systems sale, our direct
sales force, in cooperation with a distributor or
manufacturers representative (or, outside North America, a
dealer/ distributor or VAR), works with a lighting designer,
architect or other specifier to have our system designed
in to a particular new construction or renovation project.
Typically, this is followed by a bid process in which pricing
and other terms are negotiated with the project owner or
owners representative. When construction on the project
has reached the appropriate stage, our product is shipped,
typically to an electrical equipment or lighting equipment
distributor, which purchases the system from us and, in turn,
sells it to the project owner or its electrical contractor for
installation.
We sell our OEM products primarily through our
direct sales force and, in certain cases, manufacturers
representatives or distributors with strong industry
relationships and expertise in a particular vertical market. In
a typical OEM sales cycle, our direct sales personnel first work
with a manufacturer to qualify our systems for incorporation
into one or more of its products. Initially, the manufacturer
may purchase only small quantities of our system. Once a product
incorporating our system is introduced and successfully marketed
by our OEM customer, purchases of our OEM products in larger
volumes may occur.
Our products are distributed in Japan by Color
Kinetics Japan, a joint venture in which we hold a 50% equity
interest. An unrelated third party holds the other 50% interest.
The terms of our distribution agreement with Color Kinetics
Japan are substantially similar to those that we employ with
unaffiliated distributors. We account for our investment in
Color Kinetics Japan using the equity method of accounting,
whereby we record our proportionate share of the income or loss
earned by the joint venture. We record revenue from sales to
Color Kinetics Japan as revenue from a related party. We
eliminate our profit associated with inventory we have sold to
Color Kinetics Japan that is held by it at the end of the
period. Because Color Kinetics Japan uses the Japanese yen as
its functional currency, we translate the results of operations
of Color Kinetics Japan into United States dollars using the
average rates of exchange during the reporting periods. We also
record on our balance sheet translation adjustments reflecting
the changes in Color Kinetics Japans equity measured in
dollars resulting from changes in exchange rates.
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Description of Our Revenues, Costs and
Expenses
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Our lighting systems revenues include amounts
from the sale of our intelligent solid-state lighting systems as
well as any fees from our customers for applications
engineering, integration or technical support services we
provide to assist them in specifying, designing, installing and
operating our systems.
23
Our OEM and licensing revenues include amounts
from the sale of our OEM products, license fees and related fees
attributable to the licensing of our proprietary technology, and
fees for any engineering support services that are requested by
our OEM and licensing customers.
Our cost of lighting systems revenues and cost of
OEM and license revenues consist primarily of the cost of the
lighting products sold, including amounts paid to our contract
manufacturers, the costs of any components that we provide,
other direct and indirect manufacturing support costs, shipping
and handling, tooling and provisions for product warranty, scrap
and inventory obsolescence, as well as overhead cost allocated
to these activities. It may also include an allocation of
salaries and related benefits of engineering personnel when they
provide engineering support services for which we charge fees.
Our selling and marketing expenses consist
primarily of salaries, commissions, travel expense and related
benefits of personnel engaged in sales, product management and
marketing activities, commissions paid to our
manufacturers representatives, costs of marketing programs
and promotional materials, trade show expenses and overhead cost
related to these activities.
Our research and development expenses consist
primarily of salaries, bonuses and related benefits of personnel
engaged in research and development and product quality
activities, out-of-pocket product development costs, travel
expenses and overhead cost related to these activities. Research
and development expenses are expensed as incurred.
Our general and administrative expenses consist
primarily of salaries, bonuses and related benefits of personnel
engaged in corporate administration, finance, human resources,
information systems and legal functions, outside legal expenses
related to patent prosecution, patent litigation, trademarks and
general corporate matters, other professional fees, bad debt
expense, other general corporate expenditures, and overhead cost
related to these activities.
Factors and Trends That Have Affected Our
Results of Operations
In reading our financial statements, you should
be aware of the following factors and trends that our management
believes are important in understanding our financial
performance.
Gross Margins.
The
gross profit as a percentage of sales, or gross margin, that we
realize from the sale of our products varies from product to
product. Many factors can influence the gross margins that we
are able to achieve, including:
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factors that affect the prices we can charge,
including the features and performance of the products, the
nature of the end user and application, and competitive
pressures;
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factors that affect our cost of revenues,
including costs of raw materials and components, manufacturing
costs and costs of shipping;
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factors that affect the quality of our products;
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in the case of our OEM business, the nature of
the market served by our OEM customer and expected volume of its
sales of our products; and
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in the case of our licensing business, the extent
to which our technology is protected by patents, which
influences the royalty rates we can obtain.
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We have taken many steps to improve our gross
margins since 2001. We have restructured our sales and
distribution efforts to concentrate our sales efforts on
higher-margin products that can effectively be sold by our
direct sales force and our distributors and manufacturers
representatives. We have taken steps to reduce our costs of raw
materials and components whenever possible. We have also acted
to improve our supply chain management and quality control
processes. We have also sought to expand our higher-margin OEM
and licensing business. Maintaining and improving our gross
margins is an important priority of management.
Changing Distribution and Sales
Models.
Since 2001, we have made a
number of changes in the way in which we distribute and sell our
products which have affected our results of operations. For
example, until
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2003, we marketed a line of consumer products,
including color changing light wands, jewelry and home lighting
products, under our own brand. Gross margins on consumer
products of this kind are relatively low, and to effectively
serve a large consumer market requires substantial sales and
marketing resources and distribution capabilities. In 2003, we
decided that it would be more profitable for us to discontinue
direct marketing of these branded consumer products and instead
to license the product designs and related trademarks for
manufacture and distribution by others. We have made similar
transitions with other products, such as pool lighting and spa
lighting products, which we now distribute primarily through OEM
channels rather than directly. We have also transformed the
sales and marketing of our lighting systems products so as to
make more extensive use of third party manufacturers
representatives and distributors.
These changes in our distribution and sales
models have significantly influenced our revenues, our gross
margins and our selling and marketing expenses since 2001.
Management will continue to devote substantial time and energy
to ensuring that the sales models and channels of distribution
that we employ are as efficient, and appropriate to our
products, technology and markets, as possible.
2001 Restructuring and Cost Reduction
Initiatives.
In 2001, we implemented a
restructuring plan to reorganize our operations and recorded a
restructuring charge of approximately $3.9 million. The
restructuring charge included an estimated loss of approximately
$3.3 million for the minimum future rent commitment under
our office facility lease due to the abandonment of a portion of
the leased facility, as well as the write-off of approximately
$592,000 of leasehold improvements related to that portion of
the lease. These amounts are offset by estimated future sublease
income. The restructuring charge also included severance costs
of $41,000 related to the termination of eleven employees. The
actions included in the restructuring plan were substantially
completed during 2001, including the payment of all severance
costs. The restructuring reserves recorded on our balance sheet
at December 31, 2002 and 2003 and March 31, 2004
represent amounts due under leases for abandoned space, net of
anticipated subleasing income.
The following details the accrued restructuring
reserves and related activity in these reserves through
March 31, 2004:
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Lease Abandonment
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Leasehold
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Severance Costs
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Net of Sublease Income
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Impairment
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Total
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(in thousands)
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Accrued restructuring costs as of
December 31, 2000
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Total charges to operating expense
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41
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3,255
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592
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3,888
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Cash paid, net of sublease income received
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(41
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(449
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(592
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(1,082
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Accrued restructuring costs as of
December 31, 2001
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2,806
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2,806
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Cash paid, net of sublease income received
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(961
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(961
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Accrued restructuring costs as of
December 31, 2002
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1,845
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1,845
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Total charges to operating expense
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161
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161
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Cash paid, net of sublease income received
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(546
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(546
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Accrued restructuring costs as of
December 31, 2003
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1,460
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1,460
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Cash paid, net of sublease income received
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(114
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(114
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Accrued restructuring costs as of March 31,
2004
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$
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$
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1,346
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$
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$
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1,346
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25
Manufacturing Outsourcing
Initiatives.
We outsource our
manufacturing operations to contract manufacturers, which supply
the facilities, labor and raw materials (other than LEDs and
certain other key components) necessary to manufacture our
finished products. Prior to 2002, we used contract manufacturers
located primarily in North America and Ireland. As a strategic
initiative to reduce costs, improve quality and increase the
efficiency of our supply chain, we have consolidated our
contract manufacturing with a small number of manufacturers in
The Peoples Republic of China. Most of our products are
now manufactured in China.
We opened an office in Shenzhen, China in early
2003 to facilitate the management of our supply relationships
through the use of on-site personnel. We intend to devote
additional resources in 2004 to the expansion of our
manufacturing support operations in China.
Challenges.
In our
business, we face a number of risks and challenges, many of
which we describe in greater length under Risk
Factors beginning on page 7. Among the challenges
which we think are most significant, and which have in the past,
and will in the future, affect our financial performance, are
the following:
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Market acceptance of intelligent solid-state
lighting:
The success of our business
depends on growing acceptance of intelligent solid-state
lighting, both as a replacement for traditional lighting
solutions and in new applications. Our senior management team
spends a significant amount of time, and we expend significant
resources, on efforts to promote the adoption of solid-state
lighting in general, and our intelligent solid-state lighting
systems in particular.
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Ability to meet demand and maintain
quality:
The success of our business
also depends on our ability to supply our products in quantities
adequate to meet demand, and maintain the high standards of
quality that our customers require. Our senior management spends
a significant amount of its time, and we devote substantial
resources, to efforts to ensure our sources of supply and to
improve our supply chain management and quality control
processes.
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Need for continued product and technology
innovation:
Our competitive position
depends on our ability to innovate, and to anticipate the rapid
changes in lighting technology, changing customer requirements
and evolving standards which characterize our industry. Driving
and supporting this process of continuous innovation is a key
priority of our senior management team and will require
continuing expenditures by us.
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Defending our intellectual
property:
We believe that our
proprietary intellectual property is an important source of
competitive advantage and is critical to our growing OEM and
licensing business. We will continue to devote substantial
resources to extending our intellectual property portfolio and,
where necessary, we will take appropriate steps to defend it.
This could involve substantial expenditures on our part.
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Management of
growth:
We recognize that if our
business plans are successful, we may be required to manage a
larger and rapidly growing enterprise. We will also be required
to meet the reporting, regulatory and other obligations of a
public company. This will impose new burdens on management and
involve additional costs that we currently do not bear.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are
summarized in Note 2 to our consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of our
accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities,
revenues, and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities. The following items are those which, in
our opinion, involve the most significant application of
judgment (often involving complex estimation) and which could,
if different judgments were made, materially affect our reported
results of operations:
Revenue Recognition.
We recognize revenues in connection with sales of our lighting
systems and OEM products when all of the following conditions
have been met:
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evidence exists of an arrangement with the
customer, typically consisting of a purchase order;
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our products have been delivered and risk of loss
has passed to the customer, which typically occurs when a
product is shipped under our customary terms, generally FOB
shipping point;
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the amount of revenue to which we are entitled is
fixed or determinable; and
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we believe it is probable that we will be able to
collect the amount due us from our customer.
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To the extent that one or more of these
conditions is not present, we delay recognition of revenue until
all the conditions are present. We classify the amount of
freight invoiced to the customer as revenue, with the
corresponding cost classified as cost of revenues.
We offer our lighting systems customers limited
rights of return, which typically provide that within
30 days of shipment products in unopened and saleable
condition may, at our discretion, be returned to us for refund,
net of a 15% restocking fee. We also provide certain
distributors with limited stock rotation rights. Based on
historical experience, we provide for potential returns from
customers through a sales return reserve. The reserve is
evaluated and adjusted as conditions warrant.
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts.
We estimate the
uncollectibility of our accounts receivable and we maintain
allowances for estimated losses. This allowance is established
using estimates that management makes based on factors such as
the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad
debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness
and current economic trends. If we used different estimates, or
if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate,
resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments,
additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required
and would increase bad debt expense.
Product Warranty.
We
generally warrant our products against defects in materials and
workmanship for one year after sale and provide for estimated
future warranty costs at the time revenues are recognized.
Warranty expense is based on historical claims experience,
repair costs, and current sales levels, as well as various other
assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the
circumstances. Should actual product failure rates differ from
our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability
would be required.
Inventory Reserves.
We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market,
computed on a standard cost basis, which approximates actual
cost on a first-in, first-out basis, with market being
determined as the lower of replacement cost or net realizable
value. We provide reserves equal to the difference between the
cost of the inventory and the estimated market value of our
inventory using estimates of their net realizable value that are
based upon our assumptions about future demand and market
conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than
those expected by management, additional inventory reserves may
be required.
Accounting for Income
Taxes.
We account for income taxes
using a liability approach. Our deferred tax assets consist
primarily of net operating loss and credit carryforwards, for
which we have provided a full valuation allowance, due to our
limited operating history and the unlikelihood that we would
realize those assets based on that history. To the extent that
we begin to generate significant taxable income, such that it
becomes more likely than not that these assets will be
recoverable, we will reverse those valuation allowances,
generally through income. To the extent that we are unable to
operate profitably, our tax assets could expire unutilized. The
occurrence of certain events, such as significant changes in
ownership interests in Color Kinetics, could result in
limitations on the amount of those assets that could be utilized
in any given year.
Stock-Based
Compensation.
We use the intrinsic
value method to account for stock-based compensation provided to
employees and the fair value method to account for stock-based
compensation to non-employees, such as consultants and members
of our advisory board. Under the intrinsic value method,
compensation associated with awards of stock or stock options is
measured as the difference between the price the employee must
pay to exercise the award and the fair value of our common stock
on the date compensation is measured, which is generally the
date of the award. To date, all awards to employees have had
exercise prices equal to the fair value of the common stock on
the date of award, and as a result no compensation charges have
been recorded for awards to employees. Under the fair value
method, compensation is measured using the estimated fair value
of an award, established either through the
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estimated value of the share of stock or, in the
case of options, through the use of an option pricing model,
such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We disclose the
difference between the two methods in our notes to our
consolidated financial statements, and those differences have
been significant. In addition, use of an option pricing model
invariably involves assumptions about future events, such as the
volatility of the underlying stock and the estimated life of an
award. These assumptions are difficult to predict and could
generally result in changing levels of compensation expense for
these awards in our financial statements. We do not currently
have any intentions to change our accounting for employee awards
from the intrinsic value method to the fair value method.
However, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has approved
for public comment an exposure draft on stock-based compensation
which, if adopted, would have the effect of forcing us to adopt
the fair value method in the future.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or
SFAS, No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial
Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and
Equity. SFAS No. 150 establishes standards for
how an issuer classifies and measures certain freestanding
financial instruments, such as outstanding redeemable
convertible preferred stock, and requires that a company
classify instruments within the scope of the standard as either
debt or equity, depending on the underlying features of the
instrument. We adopted SFAS No. 150 as of
January 1, 2004. There was no impact of adoption.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain statement
of operations data derived from our consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus as a percentage
of our total revenue (or, in the case of our cost of lighting
systems revenue and cost of OEM and licensing revenue, as a
percentage of the related revenue) for each of the periods
presented:
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Three Months
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Year Ended December 31,
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Ended March 31,
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2001
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2002
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2003
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2003
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2004
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Revenues:
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Lighting systems
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91.0
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89.4
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90.8
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94.1
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%
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82.2
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%
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OEM and licensing
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9.0
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10.6
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9.2
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5.9
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17.8
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Cost of revenues:
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Total revenues
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100.0
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100.0
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100.0
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100.0
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100.0
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Cost of lighting systems, as a percentage of
lighting systems revenues
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70.0
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62.2
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50.7
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52.2
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49.8
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Cost of OEM and licensing, as a percentage of OEM
and licensing revenues
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68.2
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68.0
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56.2
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59.6
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46.7
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Total cost of revenues, as a percentage of total
revenues
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69.8
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62.8
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51.2
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52.7
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49.3
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Gross profit
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30.2
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37.2
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48.8
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47.3
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50.7
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Operating expenses:
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Selling and marketing
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56.4
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38.9
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26.4
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32.1
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22.2
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Research and development
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17.0
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14.0
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8.5
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10.6
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9.7
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General and administrative
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22.4
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22.3
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16.0
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19.4
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16.8
|
|
|
|
Restructuring
|
|
|
23.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
119.3
|
|
|
|
75.2
|
|
|
|
51.5
|
|
|
|
64.7
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
|
(89.1
|
)
|
|
|
(38.0
|
)
|
|
|
(2.7
|
)
|
|
|
(17.4
|
)
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
Equity in earnings of joint venture
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
2.9
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
(88.6
|
)%
|
|
|
(37.0
|
)%
|
|
|
(2.5
|
)%
|
|
|
(14.3
|
)%
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2004
compared to three months ended March 31, 2003
Revenues.
Total
revenues increased 35.1%, from $6.1 million in the first
quarter of 2003 to $8.2 million in the first quarter of
2004.
Lighting systems revenues increased 18.1%, from
$5.7 million in the first quarter of 2003 to
$6.8 million in the first quarter of 2004. Lighting systems
revenues in North America increased 27.5%, from
$3.3 million in the first quarter of 2003 to
$4.2 million in the first quarter of 2004. Lighting systems
revenues in markets outside North America increased 4.7%, from
$2.4 million in the first quarter of 2003 to
$2.6 million in the first quarter of 2004.
The increase in lighting systems revenues was
primarily attributable to increased market acceptance of our
intelligent solid-state lighting systems and the addition of new
products to our product line in prior periods. Growth in sales
in North America was also attributable to our ongoing efforts to
expand our North American manufacturers representative
network. These factors more than offset a $399,000 decline in
sales of branded consumer products, resulting from our decision
in 2003 to discontinue selling these as branded Color Kinetics
products and to distribute them instead through our OEM and
licensing program, as well as a $356,000 decline in sales in the
Japanese market to our joint venture, Color Kinetics Japan.
Our OEM and licensing revenues increased 309.6%,
from $356,000 in the first quarter of 2003 to $1.5 million
in the first quarter of 2004. The increase was primarily
attributable to a $512,000 increase in sales of our OEM pool
products, due primarily to a product launch by an OEM customer
in late 2003 and
29
the commencement of related volume purchases of
our OEM products, and a $353,000 increase in our licensing
revenues, due primarily to a large upfront license payment
received in connection with a new licensing agreement signed in
the first quarter of 2004. OEM and licensing revenues
attributable to pool products and spa products were $135,000 in
the first quarter of 2003 and $549,000 in the first quarter of
2004. On March 31, 2004, we had agreements with 24 OEM and
licensing customers that we believe we actively engaged in
developing or marketing products incorporating our technology,
compared with 17 such customers on December 31, 2003 and
eight such customers on December 31, 2002.
Revenues derived from sales of lighting systems
and OEM products to Color Kinetics Japan, the joint venture that
distributes our products in Japan, decreased from 20.3% of total
revenues for the first quarter of 2003 to 10.7% of total
revenues in the first quarter of 2004. We expect quarterly
revenues from sales to Color Kinetics Japan to increase,
particularly in the last half of 2004, in comparison to those
recorded in the first quarter of 2004.
Revenues derived from sales of lighting systems
products to Color Kinetics Distribution, Inc., a distributor
unaffiliated with us that fulfills smaller orders (generally
those having a value less than $10,000) in North America, were
13.4% of total revenues in the first quarter of 2004. No other
customer accounted for more than 10.0% of our total revenues in
the first quarter of 2003 or 2004.
Gross Profit.
Total
gross profit increased from $2.9 million in the first
quarter of 2003 to $4.2 million in the first quarter of
2004. The dollar increase was attributable primarily to
increased sales, to improved profit margins on our lighting
systems products and to increased licensing revenues that more
than offset lower margins on our OEM pool and spa products.
Gross profit as a percentage of revenues, or gross margin,
increased from 47.3% in the first quarter of 2003 to 50.7% in
the first quarter of 2004.
Gross margin from lighting systems increased from
47.8% in the first quarter of 2003 to 50.2% in the first quarter
of 2004. This increase was attributable primarily to reduced raw
materials and product costs and to a more favorable product mix,
in part reflecting our decision to discontinue direct
distribution of our lower-margin consumer products.
Gross margin from our OEM and licensing business
increased from 40.4% in the first quarter of 2003 to 53.3% in
the first quarter of 2004. This increase was primarily
attributable to shifts in revenue mix, with an increased
percentage of licensing revenues in the first quarter of 2004 as
compared with the first quarter of 2003. The increase in
higher-margin licensing revenues in the first quarter of 2004
more than offset the lower gross margins associated with
increased sales of our OEM pool products. We expect the gross
profit for our OEM and licensing business to vary in future
periods depending on the mix of higher and lower-margin OEM
product revenues and the relative percentage of higher-margin
licensing revenues.
Selling and Marketing
Expenses.
Selling and marketing
expenses decreased 6.5%, from $2.0 million in the first
quarter of 2003 to $1.8 million in the first quarter of
2004, representing 32.1% of total revenues in the first quarter
of 2003 and 22.2% of total revenues in the first quarter of
2004. The decrease in dollar amount was primarily attributable
to the elimination of $143,000 in selling expenses previously
supporting the sale of our branded consumer products. Also,
payroll-related selling expenses decreased $261,000, primarily
due to unfilled vacancies in several senior sales management and
international sales positions that were occupied during the
first quarter of 2003, as well as elimination and consolidation
of other sales positions. Partially offsetting these decreases
in expenses were a $95,000 increase in payroll and other
expenses primarily for our lighting systems product management
program, a $68,000 increase in marketing expenses, primarily
related to our participation in trade shows, and a $49,000
increase in commissions payable to manufacturers
representatives, which was attributable to higher sales volumes.
The decline in selling and marketing expense as a percentage of
revenue was attributable primarily to our revenue growth. We are
currently in the process of expanding our worldwide sales force,
including the recruitment of two senior sales management
positions. As a result, we expect our selling and marketing
expenses to increase in dollar amount during the balance of 2004.
Research and Development
Expenses.
Research and development
expenses increased 24.7%, from $642,000 in the first quarter of
2003 to $800,000 in the first quarter of 2004, representing
10.6% of total
30
revenues in the first quarter of 2003 and 9.7% of
total revenues in the first quarter of 2004. This increase was
primarily attributable to a $94,000 increase in payroll-related
expense for research and development personnel in our Boston
office and a $41,000 increase in expenses associated with the
expansion of our China operations. The decrease in research and
development expenses as a percentage of revenue was attributable
primarily to our revenue growth. We expect our research and
development expenses to increase in dollar amount during 2004,
as we devote additional resources to developing new products and
technologies and supporting scheduled new product introductions
in 2004.
General and Administrative
Expenses.
General and administrative
expenses increased 16.5%, from $1.2 million in the first
quarter of 2003 to $1.4 million in the first quarter of
2004, representing 19.4% of total revenues in the first quarter
of 2003 and 16.7% of total revenues in the first quarter of
2004. Payroll-related expenses increased by $160,000, primarily
due to a $111,000 increase in executive bonus accruals in the
first quarter of 2004 in comparison with the corresponding
period in 2003. In 2003, executive bonuses were heavily weighted
toward the second half of the year, consistent with our business
plan. Also contributing to the increase in 2004 was
approximately $61,000 of stock-based compensation charges
primarily associated with options granted to members of our
advisory board, which were partially offset by $12,000 of
reductions in miscellaneous headcount-related expenses. Legal
expenses related to patent prosecution and litigation remained
essentially unchanged from quarter to quarter. However, we
expect legal expenses to increase in subsequent quarters,
primarily as a result of increased activity in legal actions
commenced by us to enforce our patents. The decline as a
percentage of revenue was attributable to our revenue growth. We
expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in
dollar amount during 2004 to support our expanding operations,
the additional reporting and other obligations associated with
our being a public company, and protection of our intellectual
property.
Restructuring
Expenses.
No restructuring expenses
were recorded in 2004. The $161,000 of restructuring expenses in
the first quarter of 2003 was attributable to an adjustment made
to the restructuring reserve established in 2001, to reflect a
change in estimate related to the amount of income we expect to
receive from the sublease of our vacated space.
Interest Income (Expense),
Net.
Interest income increased from
$16,000 in the first quarter of 2003 to $31,000 in the first
quarter of 2004, due to higher average cash and cash equivalent
balances in the first quarter of 2004. There was no interest
expense in the first quarter of 2004, because all equipment
notes payable were fully paid in 2003.
Equity in Earnings of Joint
Venture.
Equity in earnings of joint
venture was $133,000 in the first quarter of 2004, compared with
$174,000 in the first quarter of 2003. The three months ended
March 31, 2004 were the second most profitable quarter in
the history of Color Kinetics Japan.
Provision for Income
Taxes.
We recorded no provision for
income tax in the first quarter of 2004 due to our net loss
carryforward position. At March 31, 2004, we had net loss
carryforwards available to offset future taxable income of
$30.4 million and tax credit carryforwards available to
reduce future taxes payable of $526,000. Should it become more
likely than not that these assets will be recovered, we would
remove the allowances provided, which would have the effect of
reducing or eliminating our provision for income tax.
2003 Compared to 2002
Revenues.
Total
revenues increased 43.1%, from $20.2 million in 2002 to
$28.8 million in 2003.
Lighting systems revenues increased 45.2%, from
$18.0 million in 2002 to $26.2 million in 2003. This
increase is attributable primarily to increased market
acceptance of our intelligent solid-state lighting systems. We
believe demand for our lighting systems was also stimulated by
price reductions that we implemented in the second half of 2002
to reflect savings in materials costs and accelerate acceptance
of our products. The addition of new products to our product
line and expansion of our manufacturers representative
network also contributed to the revenue increase. These factors
more than offset a $1.7 million decline in sales of branded
pool and spa and consumer products, reflecting our decision to
31
discontinue selling these as branded Color
Kinetics products and to distribute them instead through our OEM
and licensing program.
Our OEM and licensing revenues increased 24.6%,
from $2.1 million in 2002 to $2.7 million in 2003. The
increase was attributable to an increase in the number of our
OEM and licensing arrangements and to the commencement of larger
volume purchases by certain of our OEM and licensing customers
as a result of their commercial introduction of products
incorporating our OEM products and technology. On
December 31, 2003, we had agreements with 17 OEM and
licensing customers that we believe were actively engaged in
developing or marketing products incorporating our technology,
compared with eight such customers on December 31, 2002.
OEM and licensing revenues attributable to pool and spa
products, including products that we formerly sold directly as
lighting systems products under the Color Kinetics brand, was
$1.3 million in 2002 and $1.2 million in 2003.
Revenues derived from sales of lighting systems
and OEM products to Color Kinetics Japan, our joint venture
partner that distributes our products in Japan, increased from
16.7% of total revenues in 2002 to 17.4% of total revenues in
2003. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total
revenues for either 2002 or 2003.
Gross Profit.
Total
gross profit increased from $7.5 million in 2002 to
$14.1 million in 2003. The dollar increase is attributable
primarily to increased sales, and also to improved gross
margins. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues, or gross
margin, increased from 37.2% in 2002 to 48.8% in 2003.
Gross margin from lighting systems increased from
37.8% in 2002 to 49.3% in 2003. This increase is attributable
primarily to an improved product mix, reflecting our decision to
discontinue direct distribution of our lower-margin pool and
consumer products, as well as to reduced raw materials and
product costs, improved freight and inventory management
programs, stable manufacturing support expenses and reduced
warranty expense as a result of improved product quality.
Charges for inventory obsolescence decreased by $672,000 in
2003, compared to 2002, due primarily to improvements in our
supply chain management and manufacturing processes. In
addition, our provision for warranty costs decreased by $418,000
compared to 2002, due to general improvements in product quality
and also to resolution in early 2003 of a warranty issue
relating to a specific installation, for which we had recorded a
substantial provision in 2002.
Gross margin from our OEM and licensing business
increased from 32.0% in 2002 to 43.8% in 2003. This increase is
primarily attributable to shifts in revenue mix, with an
increased percentage of higher-margin licensing revenues and
fees for engineering services in 2003 as compared with 2002. We
expect the gross profit for our OEM and licensing business to
vary depending on the relative mix of OEM product revenues and
licensing revenues.
Selling and Marketing
Expenses.
Selling and marketing
expenses decreased 3%, from $7.8 million in 2002 to
$7.6 million in 2003, representing 38.9% of total revenues
in 2002 and 26.4% of total revenues in 2003. The decrease in
dollar amount is attributable primarily to the elimination of
$350,000 of selling expenses which previously supported the sale
of our branded consumer products, pool lighting products and spa
lighting products. We decided in late 2002 (in the case of our
pool and spa products) and early 2003 (in the case of our
branded consumer products) that we would no longer market these
products directly, and would instead distribute these through
our OEM and licensing channels. Sales and marketing expense
associated with our OEM and licensing business decreased by
$117,000, due primarily to a vacancy in a senior sales position
for which we are currently recruiting. These decreases were
partly offset by increases in selling expenses related to our
lighting systems products, attributable in large part to
expansion of our international sales force. These included a
$304,000 increase in payroll-related expense and a $64,000
increase in travel and other related expenses, which were partly
offset by a $53,000 reduction in variable marketing expenses.
Commissions payable to manufacturers representatives also
increased by $162,000, reflecting our increasing reliance on
this indirect channel. The decline in selling and marketing
expenses as a percentage of revenue was attributable primarily
to our revenue growth.
Research and Development
Expenses.
Research and development
expenses decreased 12.7%, from $2.8 million in 2002 to
$2.5 million in 2003, representing 14.0% of total revenues
in 2002 and 8.5% of total
32
revenues in 2003. This decrease was primarily
attributable to a $134,000 reduction in payroll-related expenses
due to lower headcount levels in our Boston headquarters, a
$71,000 reduction in outside contractor fees and a $153,000
reduction in product development expenses attributable to
branded consumer products. These decreases were partially offset
by increased payroll and related support expenses associated
with engineering and design support capabilities now being added
to our China location. We expect additional resources to be
added in this area throughout 2004. The decline of research and
development expenses as a percentage of revenue was attributable
primarily to our revenue growth. We expect our research and
development expenses to increase in dollar amount during 2004,
as we devote additional resources to developing new products and
technologies and supporting scheduled new product introductions
in 2004.
General and Administrative
Expenses.
General and administrative
expenses increased 2.5%, from $4.5 million in 2002 to
$4.6 million in 2003, representing 22.3% of total revenues
in 2002 and 16.0% of total revenues in 2003. Outside legal
expenses were $936,000 in 2002 and $929,000 in 2003. Although
total legal expenses remained essentially unchanged, patent and
trademark filing fees and patent prosecution related spending
decreased by $107,000, primarily as a result of the timing of
when United States patents and patent applications are processed
and, to a lesser extent, a more selective patent prosecution
strategy in international markets and a reduction in trademark
filing activity. Offsetting this decrease were increased legal
expenses for litigation as a result of the pending proceedings
and increased legal expenses on general corporate matters.
Payroll-related expenses increased by $141,000 primarily as a
result of higher bonus expenses directly attributable to our
improved operating performance. Other increases included $74,000
in non-cash compensation charges primarily related to stock
options awarded to members of the Companys advisory board,
$67,000 in executive travel and $43,000 in bank charges
primarily related to an increased number of secured letters of
credits that were required as collateral for orders with one of
our contract manufacturers. Offsetting these charges were
reductions of $109,000 for executive recruiting, $64,000 for
outside contractors and support services and $37,000 for the
lease of a corporate apartment that was terminated in 2003. The
decline as a percentage of revenue was attributable to our
revenue growth. We expect our general and administrative
expenses to increase in dollar amount during 2004 to support our
expanding operations and the additional reporting and other
obligations associated with our being a public company. Our
legal expenses related to patent litigation may also increase in
2004, depending upon the level of activity in the several patent
infringement lawsuits in which we are involved.
Restructuring
Expenses.
The $161,000 of
restructuring expenses in 2003 is attributable to an adjustment
made to the restructuring reserve established in 2001, to
reflect a change in estimate related to the amount of income we
expect to receive from the sublease of our vacated space.
Interest Income (Expense),
Net.
Interest income decreased from
$156,000 in 2002 to $50,000 in 2003, due to lower average cash
and cash equivalent balances in 2003. Interest expense decreased
from $31,000 in 2002 to $3,500 in 2003, due to a lower
outstanding balance on our equipment notes payable in 2003.
Equity in Earnings of Joint
Venture.
Equity in earnings of joint
venture decreased from $85,000 in 2002 to $3,000 in 2003, due to
unrealized losses on open foreign exchange forward contracts
that were purchased by Color Kinetics Japan in order to hedge
anticipated dollar-denominated purchases. These contracts were
adversely affected by the decline in the United States dollar in
relation to the yen during the second half of 2003. This
unrealized loss more than offset improved profits on operations
of the joint venture.
Provision of Income
Taxes.
We recorded no provision for
income tax in either 2002 or 2003, due to our generation of tax
losses in both years, for which no income statement benefit was
recorded as a result of uncertainty about our ability to utilize
these losses on a tax return. At December 31, 2003, we had
net loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income
of $31.2 million and tax credit carryforwards available to
reduce future taxes payable of $526,000. Should it become more
likely than not that these assets will be recovered, we would
remove some or all of the allowances provided, which would have
the effect of reducing or eliminating our provision for income
tax.
33
2002 Compared to 2001
Revenues.
Total
revenues increased 21.7%, from $16.6 million in 2001 to
$20.2 million in 2002.
Our lighting systems revenues increased 19.6%,
from $15.1 million in 2001 to $18.0 million in 2002.
The increase was primarily attributable to increased market
acceptance of our products and, to a lesser extent, to increased
demand stimulated by price reductions in the second half of
2002. In addition, sales of our branded consumer and pool and
spa products increased from $1.8 million in 2001 to
$2.7 million in 2002. In 2002 we began the transition from
marketing consumer and pool and spa products directly as Color
Kinetics branded products to distributing them through our OEM
and licensing programs.
Our OEM and licensing revenues increased 43.3%,
from $1.5 million in 2001 to $2.1 million in 2002. In
2001, all but $100,000 of our OEM and licensing revenues were
attributable to the pool and spa market. In 2002, OEM and
licensing revenues attributable to the pool and spa market
decreased 5.7%, to $1.3 million, while OEM and licensing
revenues from markets other than the pool and spa market
increased from $122,000 to $843,000, as we signed new OEM
agreements and certain OEM customers introduced products in
their markets. On December 31, 2002, we had agreements with
eight OEM and licensing customers that we believe were actively
engaged in developing or marketing products incorporating our
technology, compared with four such customers on
December 31, 2001. Sales to Color Kinetics Japan increased
from 12.5% of total revenues for 2001 to 16.7% of total revenues
in 2002. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our
total revenues for either 2001 or 2002.
Gross Profit.
Gross
profit increased 50.0%, from $5.0 million in 2001 to
$7.5 million in 2002. This increase is attributable to
increased sales of products and improved gross margins. Gross
margin increased from 30.2% in 2001 to 37.2% in 2002.
Gross margin from lighting systems increased from
30.0% in 2001 to 37.8% in 2002. This increase is primarily
attributable to reduced raw materials and product costs, reduced
manufacturing support expenses of $213,000 and reduced rework
expenses of approximately $85,000, partially offset by increased
provisions for estimated future warranty costs of $654,000,
including $395,000 for a warranty issue related to a specific
installation, which was ultimately resolved in early 2003.
Charges for inventory obsolescence increased by $320,000 in 2002
as compared to 2001. This increase was a result of a provision
of approximately $581,000 that was recorded for defective and
unusable product that was manufactured for us and held in
inventory throughout 2002. Because we did not have to pay for
this product, the amounts owed to the vendor were used to offset
this increased obsolescence provision. This inventory was
ultimately scrapped in 2003 and written off against the reserve
that was established in 2002. Gross margin from our OEM and
licensing business increased from 31.8% in 2001 to 32.0% in
2002. This slight increase was attributable to reduced raw
materials and product costs offset by unfavorable margins
related to product mix.
Selling and Marketing
Expenses.
Selling and marketing
expenses decreased 16.0%, from $9.3 million in 2001 to
$7.8 million in 2002, representing 56.4% of total revenues
in 2001 and 38.9% of total revenues in 2002. The decrease in
dollar amount is primarily attributable to our decision to
reorient our lighting systems sales efforts from a direct sales
model to an indirect sales model more heavily reliant on third
party manufacturers representatives, and also to more
aggressive management of variable expenses associated with the
sales and marketing processes. These decreases were offset in
part by increased expenditures related to sales and marketing of
our branded consumer products, pool products and spa products
and to establishment of a sales and marketing organization for
our OEM and licensing products. Payroll-related selling expenses
for our lighting systems products were reduced by
$1.0 million, due primarily to reductions in the number of
highly compensated direct sales personnel and implementation of
new, performance-oriented variable sales compensation plans.
Travel and other expenses associated with sales of lighting
systems were reduced by $675,000 and variable marketing expenses
for lighting systems products were reduced by $444,000, through
tighter expense management. These reductions were offset in part
by a $432,000 increase in commissions payable to
manufacturers representatives, and by a $403,000 increase
in sales and marketing expenses associated with our branded
consumer products, which had been planned before our decision to
discontinue direct marketing of these products in 2003. Sales
and marketing
34
expenses associated with our pool and spa
products also increased by $120,000 during 2002. However, by the
end of the year we had made the decision to discontinue direct
marketing of these pool and spa products. Sales and marketing
expenses associated with our OEM and licensing business
increased by $310,000, as we invested in building a sales,
product management and product support infrastructure for this
business. This investment included a $105,000 increase in
professional fees for negotiating and documenting new OEM and
licensing arrangements. The decline in selling and marketing
expenses as a percentage of revenues was attributable primarily
to our revenue growth.
Research and Development
Expenses.
Research and development
expenses were $2.8 million for both 2001 and 2002,
representing 17.0% of revenues in 2001 and 14.0% of revenues in
2002. Payroll-related expenses declined by $226,000 as a result
of cost reductions consistent with our goal of improving
operational performance. This was offset by an increase of
$249,000 in product development costs, including expenses
directly related to branded consumer, pool and spa products. The
decline of research and development expenses as a percentage of
revenues was attributable to our revenue growth.
General and Administrative
Expenses.
General and administrative
expenses increased 21.2%, from $3.7 million in 2001 to
$4.5 million in 2002, representing 22.4% of total revenues
in 2001 and 22.3% of total revenues in 2002. The higher dollar
amount was attributable to an increase of $524,000 in additional
payroll-related expenses, including the full year salary and
bonus of a senior executive who was hired in September 2001 and
increased bonuses for other executive management and other
employees as a result of our improved performance, an increase
of $132,000 in outside contractor fees related to improvements
to our information systems and an increase of $67,000 in our
allowance for doubtful accounts that was provided for as a
result of our increased sales levels in 2002. Outside legal
expenses were $893,000 in 2001 and $936,000 in 2002. Though
total legal expenses remained essentially unchanged, patent and
trademark filing fees and patent prosecution-related spending
increased by $148,000, primarily as a result of increased filing
and prosecution-related activity. Patent litigation expenses
were $100,000 in 2002 as a result of pending legal proceedings.
There were no litigation expenses in 2001. Partially offsetting
these increases was a reduction of $206,000 in general corporate
legal expenses in comparison with 2001, when we incurred
substantial expense in connection with the formation of Color
Kinetics Japan. The decline as a percentage of revenues was
attributable to our revenue growth.
Restructuring
Expenses.
Restructuring expenses were
$3.9 million in 2001, while no restructuring expenses were
recorded in 2002. The charge consisted primarily of the
estimated amount of future lease payments for vacated space, net
of estimated sublease income, of $3.3 million, along with a
$592,000 write off of leasehold improvements related to the
vacated space. The charge also included estimated severance
costs of $41,000 associated with the termination of eleven
employees. Changes in the amounts accrued for the restructuring
in 2001 (other than the initial charge) and in 2002 consisted
solely of payments made in connection with the lease
commitments, net of cash received for sublease income.
Interest Income (Expense),
Net.
Interest income increased from
$110,000 in 2001 to $156,000 in 2002 due to higher cash balances
in 2002. Interest expense decreased from $62,000 in 2001 to
$31,000 in 2002, due to a lower outstanding balance on our
equipment notes payable in 2002 and no borrowing requirements
under our working capital line of credit during that year.
Equity in Earnings of Joint
Venture.
Equity in earnings of joint
venture increased 249.1%, from $24,000 in 2001 to $85,000 in
2002. This increase is attributable to increased profitability
of Color Kinetics Japan.
Provision of Income
Taxes.
We recorded no provisions for
income tax in either 2002 or 2001. This lack of provision was
attributable to our generation of continued tax losses in both
years, for which no income statement benefit was recorded due to
uncertainty about our ability to utilize these losses for tax
purposes.
35
Selected Quarterly Results of
Operations
The following table sets forth certain unaudited
financial information for each of the nine quarters ended
March 31, 2004:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
Jun. 30,
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
Dec. 31,
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
Jun. 30,
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
Dec. 31,
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lighting systems
|
|
$
|
3,842
|
|
|
$
|
3,287
|
|
|
$
|
6,162
|
|
|
$
|
4,746
|
|
|
$
|
5,724
|
|
|
$
|
6,711
|
|
|
$
|
7,076
|
|
|
$
|
6,686
|
|
|
$
|
6,758
|
|
|
|
OEM and licensing
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
|
274
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
1,012
|
|
|
|
1,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
4,413
|
|
|
|
3,561
|
|
|
|
6,489
|
|
|
|
5,703
|
|
|
|
6,080
|
|
|
|
7,295
|
|
|
|
7,776
|
|
|
|
7,698
|
|
|
|
8,217
|
|
|
Cost of revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lighting systems
|
|
|
2,164
|
|
|
|
2,007
|
|
|
|
3,606
|
|
|
|
3,447
|
|
|
|
2,989
|
|
|
|
3,200
|
|
|
|
3,735
|
|
|
|
3,362
|
|
|
|
3,366
|
|
|
|
OEM and licensing
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
326
|
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenues
|
|
|
2,483
|
|
|
|
2,306
|
|
|
|
3,868
|
|
|
|
4,015
|
|
|
|
3,201
|
|
|
|
3,509
|
|
|
|
4,061
|
|
|
|
4,005
|
|
|
|
4,048
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
1,930
|
|
|
|
1,255
|
|
|
|
2,621
|
|
|
|
1,688
|
|
|
|
2,879
|
|
|
|
3,786
|
|
|
|
3,715
|
|
|
|
3,693
|
|
|
|
4,169
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
2,156
|
|
|
|
2,146
|
|
|
|
1,841
|
|
|
|
1,705
|
|
|
|
1,954
|
|
|
|
2,086
|
|
|
|
1,760
|
|
|
|
1,815
|
|
|
|
1,828
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
696
|
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
|
726
|
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
|
594
|
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
943
|
|
|
|
959
|
|
|
|
1,241
|
|
|
|
1,351
|
|
|
|
1,180
|
|
|
|
1,032
|
|
|
|
1,218
|
|
|
|
1,178
|
|
|
|
1,375
|
|
|
|
Restructuring
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
3,795
|
|
|
|
3,867
|
|
|
|
3,808
|
|
|
|
3,698
|
|
|
|
3,937
|
|
|
|
3,731
|
|
|
|
3,572
|
|
|
|
3,610
|
|
|
|
4,003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
|
(1,865
|
)
|
|
|
(2,612
|
)
|
|
|
(1,187
|
)
|
|
|
(2,010
|
)
|
|
|
(1,058
|
)
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
166
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
Equity in earnings (loss) of joint venture
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
174
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(140
|
)
|
|
|
(42
|
)
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(1,828
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,577
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,109
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,950
|
)
|
|
$
|
(868
|
)
|
|
$
|
83
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
50
|
|
|
$
|
330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We have experienced, and may in the future
experience, significant quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in our
revenue, gross profit and operating results. Because our sales
cycles are long and our customers generally do not enter into
long-term purchase commitments, forecasting our revenues is
difficult. Even after our lighting systems have been specified
for a particular project or installation, the timing of our
receipt of revenue may be difficult to predict, as shipment of
our systems can be postponed or cancelled due to construction
delays, design changes or cost overruns. Similarly, receipt of
substantial revenues from an OEM or licensing customer depends
on the success by the OEM or licensing customer in developing,
introducing and marketing a product including our OEM product or
technology, a process that is beyond our control. As is the case
for many technology companies, a substantial portion of our
revenue in each quarter is attributable to purchase orders
issued and shipments made near the end of the quarter. A delay
in shipment near the end of the quarter, due, for example, to an
unanticipated construction delay or project cancellation, may
cause our revenues to fall significantly below our expectations.
Because a substantial portion of our expenses is relatively
fixed and cannot rapidly be reduced, a shortfall in quarterly
revenue may materially adversely affect our operating results
for the quarter. Other factors that may contribute to
fluctuations in our quarterly operating results include:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in product mix;
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in our distribution and sales channels;
|
|
|
|
|
|
seasonal patterns in purchases of our products;
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in gross margin associated with inventory
and supply chain management issues;
|
|
|
|
|
|
increases or decreases in legal expenses
associated with intellectual property litigation initiated by or
against us;
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in the results of operations of Color
Kinetics Japan, our joint venture in Japan;
|
36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
introduction by us and our competitors of new
products; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
competitive factors, including pricing and
availability of, and demand for, products that compete with ours.
|
For example, sales of our architectural lighting
systems products have historically been lower in the last
quarter of each year, due to the impact of the holidays and
winter weather on construction schedules and to deferral of
purchases in certain market segments, such as the retail
segment, during the holiday retail season. Our lighting systems
revenue includes sales of our branded consumer products, which
for the most part we no longer sell directly, but distribute
through our OEM and licensing channels. However, our light
system sales in the third quarter of 2002 were favorably
affected by our sale into retail channels of approximately
$1.3 million of our Sauce brand consumer products.
Information concerning our lighting systems
revenues excluding sales of our branded consumer products for
each of the nine quarters ended March 31, 2004 is set forth
below. We believe information concerning our lighting systems
revenues excluding sales of these products is useful, as it
enables us to better evaluate the pattern of sales of the
lighting systems products that we will continue to distribute
directly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
Jun. 30,
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
Dec. 31,
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
Jun. 30,
|
|
Sept. 30,
|
|
Dec. 31,
|
|
Mar. 31,
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2002
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2003
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Lighting systems (excluding branded consumer
products)
|
|
$
|
3,426
|
|
|
$
|
2,934
|
|
|
$
|
4,891
|
|
|
$
|
4,169
|
|
|
$
|
5,320
|
|
|
$
|
6,680
|
|
|
$
|
6,744
|
|
|
$
|
6,407
|
|
|
$
|
6,752
|
|
|
Branded consumer products
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
1,271
|
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total lighting systems
|
|
$
|
3,842
|
|
|
$
|
3,287
|
|
|
$
|
6,162
|
|
|
$
|
4,746
|
|
|
$
|
5,724
|
|
|
$
|
6,711
|
|
|
$
|
7,076
|
|
|
$
|
6,686
|
|
|
$
|
6,758
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2002 was
adversely affected by high air freight costs associated with
inventory shortages and supply chain management issues, and also
due to adjustments to inventory reserves.
Our equity in earnings of our Color Kinetics
Japan joint venture was adversely affected during the third and
fourth quarters of 2003 by the recognition by Color Kinetics
Japan of unrealized losses associated with forward currency
contracts entered into by Color Kinetics Japan to hedge
anticipated dollar-denominated purchases, which were adversely
affected by significant weakening of the United States dollar in
relation to the yen during the second half of 2003.
If, due to the factors described above and other
factors, our quarter-to-quarter operating results fluctuate in
future periods, or fall short of our expectations or those of
securities analysts or investors, the price of our common stock
could be adversely affected.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our
operations primarily through sales of our equity securities. We
have received total net proceeds of $61.1 million from
private placements of our securities. In addition, we have
occasionally used borrowings under bank line of credit
arrangements. At March 31, 2004, we had no borrowings under
our current bank facility, which expires on September 1,
2004 and provides for borrowings up to $3.0 million
dependent on the level of qualifying receivables, as defined in
the agreement. Any borrowings are secured by substantially all
of our assets. The loan agreement contains certain covenants
with which we have to comply, including maintenance of defined
levels of liquidity and minimum quarterly net revenues. Under
the loan agreement, we would be required to obtain the consent
of the bank prior to obtaining debt financing from any lender
other than the bank. In January and February 2004, we raised
$13.0 million in cash, through the issuance in a private
placement of additional shares of preferred stock. As of
March 31, 2004, we had $18.3 million in cash and
equivalents. We
37
anticipate that our cash and equivalents at
March 31, 2004, coupled with the net proceeds of this
offering, will be sufficient to fund operations for at least the
next twelve months.
Operating
Activities.
Net cash used in
operations was $11.4 million in 2001, $5.4 million in
2002, $1.4 million in 2003 and $236,000 for the quarter
ending March 31, 2004. During 2002, the improvement in our
cash flows from operating activities resulted primarily from
decreasing losses and reduced inventory levels, attributable to
improved inventory management programs, offset partially by
increased levels of accounts payable, accrued expenses and
restricted cash necessary to support the growth of the business.
During 2003, the improvement in our cash flows from operating
activities resulted primarily from decreasing losses, offset
partially by an increase in inventory levels to support more
rapid fulfillment of increasing order volumes, and higher
accounts receivable that resulted from increased sales.
Investing
Activities.
Net cash used in investing
activities was $1.3 million in 2001, $500,000 in each of
2002 and 2003 and $143,000 for the quarter ending March 31,
2004. Net cash used for investing activities in 2001 included a
$165,000 initial investment in Color Kinetics Japan and included
$592,000 of leasehold improvements for leased space that was
subsequently written off in that same year as part of our
restructuring plan. For 2002, 2003 and for the quarter ending
March 31, 2004, net cash used in investing activities
reflected purchases of property and equipment primarily related
to the general purchases of computers and information system
upgrades as well as tooling and test equipment related to our
product development efforts. Our capital expenditures budget for
2004 is approximately $1.1 million, of which approximately
$800,000 is targeted towards product development and testing,
including the tooling costs associated with new products. The
remaining budget includes capital expenditures allocated for the
purchase of a new trade show booth as well as other general
computer and information system upgrades.
Financing
Activities.
Net cash provided by
financing activities was $18.4 million in 2001,
$5.2 million in 2002 and $13.0 million for the quarter
ending March 31, 2004. During 2001, net cash provided by
financing activities was primarily attributable to proceeds from
the issuance of preferred stock and borrowings under our line of
credit. During 2002, net cash provided by financing activities
was primarily attributable to proceeds from the issuance of
preferred stock, partially offset by the payment of the
outstanding balance of our line of credit. In 2003, net cash
used in financing activities was $100,000 and reflected the
payments made under an equipment note payable, offset partially
by proceeds received from the exercise of common stock options.
For the quarter ending March 31, 2004, net cash provided by
financing activities was attributable to the proceeds from the
issuance of our Series F preferred stock.
Summary of Contractual Obligations.
We lease our facilities under
non-cancelable operating leases expiring through August 31,
2007, with a five-year renewal option. Future minimum lease
payments as of December 31, 2003, including amounts
relating to space we vacated, are set forth in the table below.
We entered into a sublease through August 31, 2003 relating
to the vacated space pursuant to which we expect to receive
sublease income which will partially offset the above lease
obligations.
In 2003, we entered into an agreement with a raw
materials supplier under which we have a minimum purchase
obligation of $365,000.
Set forth below is information concerning our
known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2003 that
are fixed and determinable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
|
More than
|
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
1 Year
|
|
1-3 Years
|
|
3-5 Years
|
|
5 Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations(1)
|
|
$
|
6,352,185
|
|
|
$
|
1,740,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,462,268
|
|
|
$
|
1,149,823
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
Purchase obligations
|
|
|
365,000
|
|
|
|
365,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
6,717,185
|
|
|
$
|
2,105,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,462,268
|
|
|
$
|
1,149,823
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Does not reflect sublease income that we expect
to receive during the following periods: less than 1 year,
$425,691; 1 to 3 years, $912,195; and 3 to 5 years, $324,336.
|
38
Except as set forth above, as of
December 31, 2003, we had no long-term debt obligations,
capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase
obligations or other long-term liabilities required to be
reflected on our balance sheet.
Inflation.
Inflation
has not had a significant impact on our results of operations
and is not expected to have a significant impact in the
foreseeable future.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about
Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss arising
from adverse changes in market rates and foreign exchange rates.
At March 31, 2004, we did not have any balances outstanding
under our bank line of credit arrangement, and thus had no
exposure to interest rate risk.
We derived approximately 38% of our revenues from
sales outside the United States in 2003. We have limited foreign
currency risk on certain operating expenses such as salaries and
overhead costs of our foreign operations and the small amount of
cash maintained by these operations. However, we believe this
exposure is limited. The risks of our international operations
are mitigated to a large degree as currently all of our sales
are denominated in U.S. dollars and, accordingly, we are
not exposed to foreign currency risk with respect to our
accounts receivable.
Our joint venture, Color Kinetics Japan, has
entered into forward currency contracts to hedge anticipated
dollar denominated purchases of product from us. These contracts
consist solely of forward contracts to acquire dollars at a
fixed yen rate. These contracts are reflected on the balance
sheet of Color Kinetics Japan at current fair value and cover a
notional amount of $8.1 million, settling at various dates
through 2010. Our exposure to these contracts is limited to the
impact on our proportional share of the income or loss of Color
Kinetics Japan. We have provided no guarantees with respect to
Color Kinetics Japan, and as a result the maximum loss we would
record with respect to our investment would be the carrying
value of that investment at any point in time. At March 31,
2004, our investment in Color Kinetics Japan was carried at
$439,000.
39