Description of the Notes
The following description of
the notes is only a summary of their principal terms. It is not complete. You
should refer to the provisions of the indenture and the applicable supplemental
indenture for a complete description of the terms of your notes. Definitions of
some of the terms used in this description can be found in the Glossary of Terms
appearing at page 90 of this prospectus.
Classes of notes will have
a stated principal or notional amount and will bear interest at a specified rate
or may be entitled to principal distributions with disproportionately low,
nominal or no interest distributions; interest distributions with
disproportionately low, nominal or no principal distributions; distributions
based on a combination of components or distributions limited to collections
from a designated portion of assets in the trust fund.
Fixed rate notes
The fixed rate notes will
have a stated maturity set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The
notes will bear interest from the date and at the rate per annum specified in
the applicable prospectus supplement. The dates on which the holders of fixed
rate notes will receive payments of principal and interest will be specified in
the applicable prospectus supplement.
Auction rate notes
The auction rate notes will
have a stated maturity set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and
will bear interest at the rate per annum specified in the prospectus supplement
through the first auction date. The interest period for auction rate notes will
initially consist of a number of days set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The interest rate for the auction rate notes will be reset on
interest rate adjustment dates specified in the applicable prospectus supplement
at the interest rate determined pursuant to the auction procedures described
below, but the rate will not exceed the maximum auction rate per annum set forth
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Interest on the auction rate notes will
accrue daily and will be computed for the actual number of days elapsed on the
basis of a year consisting of 360 days or 365 days as specified in the
prospectus supplement. Interest on the auction rate notes will be payable on the
first business day following the expiration of each interest period for the
notes, and principal on the auction rate notes will also be payable as specified
in the applicable prospectus supplement. However, if an auction period exceeds
one year, distributions also will be made to the auction rate notes
semi-annually.
Determination of note
interest rate
. The procedures that will be used in determining
the interest rates on the auction rate notes are summarized in the following
paragraphs.
The interest rate on each
series of auction rate notes will be determined periodically on interest rate
determination dates specified in the applicable prospectus supplement by means
of a "Dutch Auction." In this Dutch Auction, investors and potential
investors submit orders through an eligible broker-dealer as to the principal
amount of auction rate notes they wish to buy, hold or sell at various interest
rates. The broker-dealers submit their clients' orders to the auction
agent. The auction agent processes all orders submitted by all eligible
broker-dealers and determines the interest rate for the upcoming interest
period. The broker-dealers are notified by the auction agent of the interest
rate for the upcoming interest period and are provided with settlement
instructions relating to purchases and sales of auction rate notes. Auction rate
notes will be purchased and sold between investors and potential investors at a
price equal to their then-outstanding principal balance plus any accrued
interest.
In
the auction, the following types of orders may be submitted:
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"bid/hold orders" specify the minimum interest rate that a
current investor is willing to accept in order to continue to hold auction rate
notes for the upcoming interest period;
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"sell orders" an order by a current investor to sell a
specified principal amount of auction rate notes, regardless of the upcoming
interest rate; and
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"potential bid orders" specify the minimum interest rate that a
potential investor, or a current investor wishing to purchase additional auction
rate notes, is willing to accept in order to buy a specified principal amount of
auction rate notes.
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If an existing investor
does not submit orders with respect to all its auction rate notes, the investor
will be deemed to have submitted a hold order at the new interest rate for that
portion of the auction rate notes for which no order was received.
The following example helps
illustrate how the auction procedures are used in determining the interest rate
on the auction rate notes.
1. Denominations (Units) = $50,000
2. Interest period = 28 days
3. Principal amount outstanding = $50 Million (1000 Units)
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(b)
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Summary of all orders received for the auction
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Bid/Hold Orders Sell Orders Potential Bid Orders
20 Units at 2.90% 100 Units Sell 40 Units at 2.95%
60 Units at 3.02% 100 Units Sell 60 Units at 3.00%
120 Units at 3.05% 200 Units Sell 100 Units at 3.05%
==============
200 Units at 3.10% 400 Units 100 Units at 3.10%
200 Units at 3.12% 100 Units at 3.11%
==================
600 Units 100 Units at 3.14%
200 Units at 3.15%
==================
700 Units
The total units under
bid/hold orders and sell orders always equal the issue size (in this case 1000
units).
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(c)
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Auction agent organizes orders in ascending order
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Order Number Cumulative Order Number Cumulative
Number Of Units Total (Units) Percent Number of Units Total (Units) Percent
------ -------- ------------- ------- ------ -------- ------------- -------
1. 20(W) 20 2.90% 7. 200(W) 600 3.10%
2. 40(W) 60 2.95% 8. 100(W) 700 3.10%
3. 60(W) 120 3.00% 9. 100(W) 800 3.11%
4. 60(W) 180 3.02% 10. 200(W) 1000 3.12%
5. 100(W) 280 3.05% 11. 100(L) 3.14%
6. 120(W) 400 3.05% 12. 200(L) 3.15%
(W) Winning Order (L) Losing Order
Order #10 is the order that
clears the market of all available units. All winning orders are awarded the
winning rate (in this case, 3.12%) as the interest rate for the next interest
period, at the end of which another auction will be held. Multiple orders at the
winning rate are allocated units on a pro rata basis first to existing holders
and then to potential holders. Regardless of the results of the auction, the
interest rate will not exceed the maximum rate specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement.
The example assumes that a
successful auction has occurred, that is, that all sell orders and all bid/hold
orders below the new interest rate were fulfilled. However, there may be
insufficient potential bid orders to purchase all the auction rate notes offered
for sale. In these circumstances, the interest rate for the upcoming interest
period will equal the maximum rate. Also, if all the auction rate notes are
subject to hold orders (i.e., each holder of auction rate notes wishes to
continue holding its auction rate notes, regardless of the interest rate), the
interest rate for the upcoming interest period will equal the all hold rate
specified in the related prospectus supplement.
If a payment default has
occurred, the rate will be the non-payment rate specified in the related
prospectus supplement.
Maximum rate and interest carry-overs
. If the
auction rate for a series of auction rate notes is greater than a maximum rate
calculated as described in the related prospectus supplement, then the interest
rate applicable to those auction rate notes will be the maximum rate. If the
interest rate for a series of auction rate notes exceeds the maximum rate, the
excess over the maximum rate will be carried over for that series of auction
rate notes. The maximum rate will, however, be capped at a fixed rate described
in the related prospectus supplement. There will be no carry-over of interest if
the auction rate for a series of auction rate notes exceeds this cap. The
carry-over amount will bear interest calculated at the one-month LIBOR rate or
as otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, until paid.
The carry-over amount, and
interest accrued thereon, for a series of auction rate notes will be paid by the
indenture trustee on the date of defeasance of the auction rate notes or an
interest payment date if there are sufficient funds to pay all interest due on
the notes on that interest payment date, and in the case of subordinate notes,
payment of the interest carry-over on more senior notes. Any carry-over amount,
and any interest accrued on the carry-over amount, due on any auction rate note
which is to be redeemed will be paid to the holder on the redemption date to the
extent that funds are available. Any carry-over amount, and any interest accrued
on that carry-over amount, which is not yet due and payable on a date on which
an auction rate note is to be redeemed will be canceled and will not be paid.
Changes in auction period
. As specified in the
related prospectus supplement, we may, from time to time, change the length of
the auction period for a series of auction rate notes in order to conform with
then current market practice with respect to similar securities or to
accommodate economic and financial factors that may affect or be relevant to the
length of the auction period and the interest rate borne by the auction rate
notes. Any adjusted auction period will be at least 7 days but not more than 366
days. The auction period adjustment will take effect only if the auction agent
receives orders sufficient to complete the auction for the new auction period.
Changes in the auction date
. The applicable
broker-dealer, with our written consent, may specify a different auction date
for a series of auction rate notes in order to conform with then current market
practice with respect to similar securities or to accommodate economic and
financial factors that may affect or be relevant to the day of the week
constituting an auction date for the auction rate notes.
LIBOR rate notes
The LIBOR rate notes will
be dated their date of issuance and will have a stated maturity set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Interest on the LIBOR rate notes will be paid
in arrears on each payment date. The payment date for the LIBOR rate notes will
be the business day specified in the prospectus supplement following the end of
the interest period for the LIBOR rate notes specified in the prospectus
supplement. The amount of interest payable to holders of LIBOR rate notes for
any interest period will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the
number of days actually elapsed. The interest rate will be the LIBOR rate for
the interest period for the LIBOR rate notes plus the margin specified in the
related prospectus supplement. Principal on the LIBOR rate notes will be payable
as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The interest rate payable
on the LIBOR rate notes may be subject to limitations described in the related
prospectus supplement.
If so provided in the
related prospectus supplement, the trust may enter into a LIBOR note swap
agreement. Under the terms of this agreement, the counterparty will pay to the
trust the excess, if any, of the LIBOR rate for the LIBOR rate notes over the
adjusted student loan rate as provided by the terms of the agreement. The
indenture trustee will use those funds to make interest payments on the LIBOR
rate notes at the LIBOR rate. If these payments are made by the counterparty,
the counterparty will become entitled to reimbursement in the order and in the
manner specified in the prospectus supplement.
Treasury rate notes
The treasury rate notes
will be dated their date of issuance and will have a stated maturity set forth
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Interest on the treasury rate notes
will be paid in arrears on each interest payment date. An interest payment date
for the treasury rate notes will be the business day specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement following the end of the interest period for the treasury
rate notes specified in the prospectus supplement. Principal will be payable on
the treasury rate notes as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The amount of interest
payable on the treasury rate notes will generally be adjusted weekly on the
calendar day following each auction of 91-day Treasury Bills which are direct
obligations of the United States with a maturity of 13 weeks. The rate will be
calculated to be the sum of the bond equivalent yield for auctions of 91-day
Treasury Bills on a rate determination date for an interest period, plus a
spread described in the related prospectus supplement. Interest on the treasury
rate notes will be computed for the actual number of days elapsed on the basis
of a year consisting of 365 or 366 days, as applicable.
If so provided in the
related prospectus supplement, the interest rate payable on the treasury rate
notes for any interest period may be subject to a limitation based on an
"adjusted student loan rate." The adjusted student loan rate is the
percentage equivalent of a fraction:
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The numerator of which is equal to the sum of the expected interest collections
on the trust's student loans and reciprocal payments that the trust
receives on a swap agreement, if any, less the sum of the servicing fee, the
administration fee, and reciprocal payments the trust makes on any swap
agreement, if any, with respect to an interest period; and
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The denominator of which is the aggregate principal amount of the notes as of
the last day of the interest period.
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Commercial paper rate notes
The commercial paper rate
notes will be dated their date of issuance and will have a stated maturity set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Interest on the commercial paper
rate notes will be paid in arrears on each interest payment date. An interest
payment date for the commercial paper rate notes will be the business day
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement following the end of the
interest period for the commercial paper rate notes specified in the prospectus
supplement. Principal will be payable on the commercial paper rate notes as
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The amount of interest
payable on the commercial paper rate notes will be adjusted as specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement. The interest rate will be the commercial paper
rate plus a spread, in each case as specified in the related prospectus
supplement. The interest rate payable on the commercial paper rate notes for any
interest period may be subject to limitations as specified in a prospectus
supplement.
Accrual notes
Accrual notes will be
entitled to payments of accrued interest commencing only on the interest payment
date, or under the circumstances specified in the related prospectus supplement.
Prior to the time interest is payable on any series of accrual notes, the amount
of accrued interest will be added to the note principal balance thereof on each
interest payment date. The principal balance of the accrual notes will begin to
be paid from available funds received with respect to the student loans after
the date that accrued interest is no longer being added to the principal balance
of the notes. Accrued interest for each interest payment date will be equal to
interest at the applicable interest rate accrued for a specified period
(generally the period between interest payment dates) on the outstanding note
principal balance thereof immediately prior to such interest payment date.
Original issue discount notes
Original issue discount
notes will have a stated maturity set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The notes will be issued at a discount from the principal amount
payable at maturity. The notes may have a "zero coupon" and currently
pay no interest, or may pay interest at a rate that is below market rates at the
time of issuance. For original issue discount notes, all or some portion of the
interest due will accrue during the life of the original issue discount note and
be paid only at maturity or upon earlier redemption. Upon redemption or optional
purchase, the amount payable on an original issue discount note will be
determined as described under the heading "Description of the Notes
Redemption Price." Each holder of an original issue discount note will be
required to include in current income a portion of the original issue discount
determined using a constant yield, even though the holder may not receive any
payment of interest during the period. See "Federal Income Tax
ConsequencesTaxation of Interest Income of Holders."
Outstanding principal balance of the notes
If the prospectus
supplement for a series of notes provides for payments of principal prior to
maturity, the remaining outstanding balance of the notes, after giving effect to
distributions of principal, will be determined through use of a note pool
factor. The pool factor for each series of notes will be a seven-digit decimal
computed by the issuer administrator before each payment date. Each pool factor
will initially be 1.0000000. Thereafter, it will decline to reflect reductions
in the outstanding balance of the notes. Your portion of the aggregate
outstanding balance of a series of notes will be the product of:
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the original denomination of your note; and
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the applicable pool factor.
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Noteholders will receive
reports concerning various matters, including the payments the trust has
received on its student loans, the pool balance, the applicable pool factor and
various other items of information. See "Summary of the Indenture
ProvisionsFurther Covenants" in this prospectus.
Denominations and payments of the notes
The notes of a series will
be issued in the denominations specified in the related prospectus supplement.
The principal of and
premium, if any, on the notes due at maturity (whether at the stated maturity
date, by redemption, acceleration or otherwise) together with interest payable
on the notes on that date, if not a regularly scheduled interest payment date,
will be payable at the principal office of the trustee, as paying agent, upon
presentation and surrender of the notes.
Interest on each series of
notes, and payments of principal prior to maturity, will be payable on the
regularly scheduled payment date with respect to that series, by check mailed to
the person who is the holder of the note on the regular record date for that
payment date, or, in the case of any note held by a holder of notes of that
series in the aggregate principal amount of $1,000,000 or more (or, if less than
$1,000,000 in principal amount of the notes of that series is outstanding, the
holder of all outstanding notes of that series), at the direction of that holder
received by the paying agent by 5:00 p.m. on the last business day preceding the
applicable regular record date, by electronic transfer by the paying agent in
immediately available funds to an account designated by that holder.
The "regular record
date" with respect to any regularly scheduled payment date for a series of
notes generally means the last business day preceding that payment date.
Any interest not so timely
paid or duly provided for (referred in this prospectus as "defaulted
interest") will cease to be payable to the person who is the holder of the
related notes at the close of business on the regular record date and will be
payable to the person who is the holder of that note at the close of business on
a special record date established by the trustee (a "special record
date") for the payment of any such defaulted interest. This special record
date will be fixed by the trustee whenever funds become available for payment of
the defaulted interest, and notice of the special record date will be given to
the holders of the notes of the applicable series not less than 10 days
prior to the special record date by first-class mail to each ______ such holder
as shown on the note register on a date selected by the trustee, stating the
date of the special record date and the date fixed for the payment of the
defaulted interest.
All
payments on the notes will be made in United States dollars.
Mandatory redemption
The notes of a series are
subject to mandatory redemption following the end of the acquisition period
described in the related prospectus supplement in an amount equal to the
proceeds held in the Acquisition Fund from the sale of notes that have not been
used to purchase student loans. The principal payments received on the student
loans and, until the principal balance of the student loans reaches a specified
minimum percentage of the principal balance of the outstanding notes, interest
received on the student loans, after deducting all required payments, will be
used to redeem the notes.
See "Notice and
partial redemption of notes" below for a discussion of the order in which
notes will be redeemed.
Optional redemption
Notes of a series may be
subject to redemption, from funds received by the indenture trustee constituting
interest on student loans remaining after all other prior required payments have
been made. In addition, the trust may sell some or all of its student loans for
not less than their principal balance plus any unamortized premium and accrued
interest and use the proceeds to redeem some or all of its notes. A prospectus
supplement relating to a series of notes may describe restrictions on our
ability to sell student loans and redeem notes. The notes also may be optionally
redeemed in whole or in part, on or after the date set forth in the prospectus
supplement. Any limitations on optional redemptions of a series of notes will be
described in the prospectus supplement relating to issuance of that series of
notes. See "Notice and partial redemption of notes" below for a
discussion of the order in which notes will be redeemed.
Redemption or purchase price
Upon redemption, the price
to be paid to the holder of a note, other than an original issue discount note,
will be an amount equal to the aggregate current principal balance plus accrued
interest to the date of redemption. If a note is an original issue discount
note, the amount payable upon redemption or optional purchase will be the
amortized face amount on the redemption or purchase date. The amortized face
value of an original issue discount note will be equal to the issue price plus
that portion of the difference between the issue price and the principal amount
of the note that has accrued at the yield to maturity described in the
prospectus supplement by the redemption or purchase date. The amortized face
value of an original issue discount note will never be greater than its
principal amount.
The indenture trustee will
provide notice of any early redemption or purchase by mailing a copy of the
redemption or purchase notice to each holder of a note being prepaid.
Senior Asset Requirement
If less than all of the
notes of any series are to be redeemed or purchased, we will determine which
notes will be redeemed or purchased. We will not redeem any subordinate notes
while senior notes are outstanding unless, after giving effect to the
redemption, the Senior Asset Requirement will be met. In general, the
"Senior Asset Requirement" requires that the Senior Asset Percentage
is at least 107% and the Subordinate Asset Percentage is at least 100.5%. These
percentages may be decreased on confirmation from each rating agency that the
contemplated reduction will not result in the withdrawal or reduction in the
then current ratings on any outstanding notes.
Additional Redemption Provisions
As a general rule, we will
not redeem any series of notes bearing interest based upon an auction rate
unless we have redeemed previously each series of notes that bear interest based
upon a different method that are secured in a parity with the auction rate notes
that we will be redeeming. This rule may be amended for one or more series of
notes to the extent described in the prospectus supplement relating to those
notes. We also may amend this rule if each rating agency rating our notes
indicates that the proposed amendment will not cause the rating agency to lower
or withdraw its rating on each series of our notes.
Sale of student loans held in trust estate
Student loans may be sold
or otherwise disposed of by the indenture trustee free from the lien of the
indenture in connection with loan consolidation, serialization or transfer to a
guarantee agency or servicer for payment. Student loans also may be sold by the
indenture trustee to College Loan Corporation or other seller if that party is
required to repurchase the student loan pursuant to a student loan purchase
agreement. Also, with the approval of the rating agencies rating our notes, any
student loan may be sold by the indenture trustee for a price no less than the
principal balance of the student loan as of the sale date, plus any unamortized
premium and borrower accrued interest. A prospectus supplement relating to a
series of notes may describe restrictions on an ability to sell student loans.
If so provided in a
prospectus supplement, we may, at our option, purchase, or arrange for the
purchase of, all of the student loans owned by the trust on any payment date
when the outstanding principal balance of one or more series of notes declines
to the level specified in that prospectus supplement. The purchase price for the
loans will not be less than the minimum purchase amount specified in the related
prospectus supplement. These amounts will be used to retire the related notes.
Security and Sources of Payment for the Notes
General
The notes are limited
obligations of the trust, secured by and payable solely from the trust's
assets as set forth in the indenture. The following assets will serve as
security for the notes:
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revenues, consisting of all principal and interest payments, proceeds, charges
and other income received by the indenture trustee or the trust on account of
any student loan, including interest subsidy payments, any Special Allowance
Payments and guarantee payments with respect to any student loan, and investment
income from all funds created under the indenture and any proceeds from the sale
or other disposition of the student loans;
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payments from counterparties under any swap agreements described in prospectus supplement;
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all money and investments held in the funds created under the indenture; and
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student loans purchased with money from the Acquisition Fund or otherwise
acquired or originated and pledged or credited to the Acquisition Fund.
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In addition, the
trust's assets may include rights that provide credit enhancement (for
example, the right to draw under any letter of credit or note insurance) or cash
flow enhancement as described in this prospectus and in the related prospectus
supplement.
Additional indenture obligations
Under the indenture, the
trust has issued previously several series of notes. Each prospectus supplement
will provide certain information describing each series of notes issued by the
trust that will be outstanding on the date of the prospectus supplement. This
information will include:
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name and designations of each series;
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original principal amount;
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outstanding principal amount;
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interest rate or method used to determine the interest rate;
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legal final maturity date; and
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whether the notes are senior, subordinate or junior subordinate notes
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The indenture provides that
in the future, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, the trust may issue
additional series of notes. These additional notes may be issued as senior
notes, on a parity with any other senior notes, or as subordinate notes, on a
parity with any other subordinate notes. The indenture also provides that junior
subordinate notes, that are subordinate to senior notes and subordinate notes,
may be issued.
In addition, the trust may
enter into swap agreements and may obtain credit enhancement facilities. The
trust's obligations under these swap agreements and credit enhancement
facilities may be issued on a parity with the senior notes, the subordinate
notes or any junior subordinate notes issued pursuant to the indenture. In this
prospectus, we refer to any swap agreements or credit enhancement facilities and
the series of notes having the same payment priority as "senior
obligations," "subordinate obligations," or "junior
subordinate obligations," as applicable. We refer to the senior
obligations, subordinate obligations and junior subordinate obligations
collectively as "indenture obligations."
Priorities
The senior notes (and any
other senior obligations) are entitled to payment and certain other priorities
over the subordinate notes (and any other subordinate obligations). Current
payments of interest and principal due on subordinate notes on an interest
payment date or principal payment date will be made (on a parity basis with any
other subordinate obligations) only to the extent that there are sufficient
funds available for such payment, after making all such payments due on such
date with respect to senior notes and other senior obligations.
So long as any senior
obligations remain outstanding under the indenture, the failure to make interest
or principal payments with respect to subordinate notes will not constitute an
event of default under the indenture. In the event of an acceleration of the
notes, the principal of and accrued interest on the subordinate notes will be
paid (on a parity basis with any other subordinate obligations) only to the
extent there are funds available under the indenture after payment of the
principal of, and accrued interest on, all senior notes and the satisfaction of
all other senior obligations.
In addition, holders of
senior notes and beneficiaries of other senior obligations are entitled to
direct certain actions to be taken by the indenture trustee prior to and upon
the occurrence of an event of default, including election of remedies. See
"Summary of Indenture ProvisionsRemedies on default" in this
prospectus.
Flow of funds
The following funds were
created by the indenture trustee under the indenture for the benefit of the
holders:
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Acquisition Fund
Collection Fund
Administration Fund
Debt Service Fund
Reserve Fund
Surplus Fund
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Acquisition Fund
With respect to each series
of notes, the indenture trustee will deposit into the Acquisition Fund the
amount of proceeds from the issuance of that series specified in the related
supplemental indenture. The indenture trustee will also deposit into the
Acquisition Fund:
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any funds transferred from the Collection Fund or the Surplus Fund,
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proceeds of the sale of any student loans held in the Acquisition Fund during
the acquisition period; and
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any other amounts specified in a supplemental indenture.
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Balances in the Acquisition Fund will be used:
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to acquire student loans (through the eligible lender trustee), including the
payment of any related premium and origination and guarantee fees if any;
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to originate federal consolidation loans in order to consolidate one or more
federal student loans held by the trust and to add other student loans of that
borrower to existing consolidation loans held by the trust;
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to purchase serial loans from sellers, to the extent that the trust already
holds another student loan of that borrower that was transferred to the trust on
the date of issuance of a series of notes or purchased during the related
acquisition period for that series;
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to transfer funds to the Retirement Account of the Debt Service Fund to redeem
the notes following the end of the acquisition period as provided in a
supplemental indenture; and
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to deposit funds into the Retirement Account of the Debt Service Fund to redeem
one or more outstanding series of notes.
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In
addition, funds in the Acquisition Fund may be used:
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to deposit amounts into the Debt Service Fund, if there are insufficient funds
in the Debt Service Fund to pay debt service on the notes and other indenture
obligations when due;
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following the acquisition period, to the extent not used to redeem notes or used
as otherwise specified in the supplemental indenture, to deposit amounts into
the Surplus Fund;
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to deposit amounts into the Administration Fund to pay certain fees, costs and
expenses of the trust; or
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to perform such other actions related to the trust's student loan programs
as may be provided in a supplemental indenture.
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If on any monthly
calculation date the amount in the Acquisition Fund available to pay origination
fees, guarantee fees, related premiums and other fees due in the next month is
less than the amount so needed, the indenture trustee will transfer an amount
equal to that deficiency to the Acquisition Fund from the following funds in the
following order of priority: first, the Collection fund, and second, the Surplus
Fund.
Following the end of the
acquisition period relating to a series of notes, the indenture trustee will
transfer from the Acquisition Fund to the Retirement Account of the Debt Service
Fund, for the redemption of notes, all amounts remaining in the Acquisition
Fund.
Collection Fund
The
indenture trustee will credit to the Collection Fund:
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all revenues derived from the student loans;
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unless otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture, proceeds of the sale of
any student loans held in the Acquisition Fund;
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any amounts transferred from the Acquisition Fund, the Administration Fund and the Reserve Fund;
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any earnings on investments of funds in the Acquisition Fund, the Reserve Fund,
the Administration Fund, the Surplus Fund and the Debt Service Fund; and
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all payments by counterparties pursuant to any swap agreements.
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On each monthly calculation
date, the indenture trustee will transfer the money deposited during the
preceding month into the Collection Fund as follows:
FIRST, to make any payments required under any joint sharing agreement;
SECOND, to make any
payments due and payable by the trust to the U.S. Department of Education
related to the student loans or any other payment due and payable to a guaranty
agency relating to its guarantee of student loans;
THIRD, to the
Administration Fund to provide for payment of certain fees, costs and expenses
of the trust, subject to the limitations set forth in any supplemental
indenture;
FOURTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of interest on
senior notes or other senior obligations (except, with respect to senior swap
agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a
rating agency condition);
FIFTH, to the Principal
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of principal of
senior notes at stated maturity or on mandatory sinking fund payment dates or
the reimbursement of senior credit facility providers for the payment of
principal of the notes;
SIXTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of interest on
subordinate notes or other subordinate obligations (except, with respect to
subordinate swap agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any
termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without
satisfaction of a rating agency condition);
SEVENTH, to the Principal
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of principal of
subordinate notes at stated maturity, on mandatory sinking fund payment dates or
the reimbursement of subordinate credit facility providers for the payment of
principal of the notes;
EIGHTH, to the Reserve Fund if necessary to increase the balance thereof to its
required level;
NINTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of interest on
junior subordinate notes or other junior obligations (except, with respect to
junior subordinate swap agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and
not any termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without
satisfaction of a rating agency condition);
TENTH, to the Principal
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of principal of
junior subordinate notes at stated maturity or on mandatory sinking fund payment
dates or the reimbursement of junior subordinate credit facility providers for
the payment of principal of the notes;
ELEVENTH, to make such
other payments as may be set forth in a supplemental indenture upon satisfaction
of a rating agency condition;
TWELFTH, to the Acquisition
Fund, to fund any add-on loans required to be funded under the Higher Education
Act of 1965, as amended, relating to consolidation loans owned by the trust;
THIRTEENTH, to the
Retirement Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the redemption of,
or distribution of principal with respect to, notes (or the reimbursement of
credit facility providers for the payment of the prepayment price of the notes);
FOURTEENTH, to the
Acquisition Fund to fund subsequent disbursements required to be funded under
the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, relating to Stafford and PLUS
loans owned by the trust;
FIFTEENTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of carry-over
amounts (and interest thereon) due with respect to the senior notes;
SIXTEENTH, (but only if the
Senior Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such
amounts), to the Interest Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the
payment of carry-over amounts (and interest thereon) due with respect to the
subordinate notes;
SEVENTEENTH, (but only if
the Senior Asset Percentage and the Subordinate Asset Percentage would be at
least 100% upon the application of such amounts), to the Interest Account of the
Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of carry-over amounts (and
interest thereon) with respect to the junior subordinate notes;
EIGHTEENTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of unpaid
termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments due under
senior swap agreements;
NINETEENTH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of unpaid
termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments due under
subordinate swap agreements;
TWENTIETH, to the Interest
Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the payment of unpaid
termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments due under
junior subordinate swap agreements;
TWENTY-FIRST, to the
Retirement Account of the Debt Service Fund, to provide for the redemption of,
or distribution of principal with respect to, notes until, after applying these
amounts, the asset release requirement shall be satisfied; and
TWENTY-SECOND, to the Surplus Fund.
Administration Fund
The indenture trustee will credit
to the Administration Fund, from the proceeds of the issuance of each series of
notes, the amount, if any, specified in the related supplemental indenture. The
indenture trustee also will credit to the Administration Fund all amounts
transferred to it from the Collection Fund, the Surplus Fund and the Acquisition
Fund. Amounts in the Administration Fund will be used to pay costs of issuance
(to the extent provided by a supplemental indenture) and the costs, fees and
expenses of the trust.
Debt Service Fund
The
indenture establishes a Debt Service Fund which comprises three
accounts:
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the Principal Account; and
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the Retirement Account.
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The Debt Service Fund will
be used only for the payment when due of principal of and premium, if any, and
interest on the Notes, the purchase price of notes, other indenture obligations
and carry-over amounts (including any accrued interest thereon).
Any supplemental indenture
providing for the issuance of any series of notes to be paid pursuant to or
secured by a credit enhancement facility will also provide for the creation of
separate sub-accounts within the Interest Account, the Principal Account and the
Retirement Account. Any payment received pursuant to that credit enhancement
facility will be deposited into the applicable sub-account, and these funds will
be used only for the payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest
on notes of the applicable series, or for any other purposes permitted by the
applicable supplemental indenture, subject to the conditions set forth in that
supplemental indenture.
Interest Account.
The indenture trustee will deposit in the Interest Account:
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proceeds of the issuance of notes if directed by the related supplemental indenture;
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that portion of the proceeds from the sale of the trust's refunding bonds,
notes or other evidences of indebtedness, if any, to be used to pay interest on
the notes;
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all payments under any credit enhancement facilities to be used to
pay interest on the notes; and
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all amounts required to be transferred to the Interest Account
from the funds described below.
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With respect to each series
of notes on which interest is paid no less frequently than every 60 days,
the indenture trustee will deposit to the Interest Account on each monthly
calculation date an amount equal to the interest that will become payable on
those notes during the following calendar month.
With respect to each series
of notes on which interest is paid less frequently than every 60 days, the
indenture trustee will make equal monthly deposits to the Interest Account on
each monthly calculation date preceding each interest payment date, to aggregate
the full amount of the interest due on that interest payment date.
With respect to notes that
bear interest at a variable rate, for which any such amount cannot be determined
on a monthly calculation date, the indenture trustee will make a deposit based
upon assumptions set forth in the related supplemental indenture.
With respect to each swap
agreement or credit enhancement facility under which swap agreement payments by
the trust or credit enhancement facility fees are payable no less frequently
than every 60 days, the indenture trustee will deposit to the credit of the
Interest Account on each monthly calculation date an amount equal to the trust
swap agreement payments or fees that will become payable during the following
calendar month.
With respect to each swap
agreement or credit enhancement facility under which swap agreement payments by
the trust or credit enhancement facility fees are payable less frequently than
every 60 days, the indenture trustee will make equal monthly deposits to
the Interest Account on each monthly calculation date preceding each payment
date, to aggregate the full amount of those swap agreement payments or credit
enhancement facility fees , as the case may be.
With respect to any swap
agreement for which any such amount cannot be determined on the monthly
calculation date, the indenture trustee will make the deposit based upon
assumptions set forth in the supplemental indenture authorizing that swap
agreement.
Each deposit required by
the preceding paragraphs will be made by transfer from the following funds, in
the following order of priority: the Collection Fund, the Surplus Fund, the
Reserve Fund and, as to senior notes and other senior obligations only, the
Acquisition Fund.
On each monthly calculation
date, if any carry-over amount (including any accrued interest thereon) will be
due and payable with respect to a series of notes during the next month, as
provided in the related supplemental indenture, the indenture trustee will
transfer to the Interest Account (to the extent amounts are available in the
Collection Fund or the Surplus Fund, after taking into account all prior
application of moneys in those funds on that monthly calculation date) an amount
equal to that carry-over amount (including any accrued interest thereon).
Principal Account.
The indenture trustee will deposit in the Principal Account:
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proceeds of the issuance of notes in an amount, if any, representing premium of
those notes paid as a part of their purchase price thereof;
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the portion of the proceeds from the sale of the trust's bonds, notes or other
evidences of indebtedness, if any, to be used to pay principal of the Notes;
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all payments under any credit enhancement facilities to be used to pay principal of notes; and
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all amounts required to be transferred to the Principal Account
from the funds described below.
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To provide for the payment
of principal due on the stated maturity of notes or on a mandatory sinking fund
payment date for notes (or for the reimbursement to any credit facility provider
for the payment of such principal), the indenture trustee will make equal
monthly deposits to the Principal Account on each of the twelve monthly
calculation dates preceding the date that payment is due, to aggregate the full
amount of that payment.
These deposits will be made
by transfer from the following funds in the following order of priority (after
transfers to the Interest Account required on the date of any such transfer as
described under "Interest Account" above): the Collection Fund,
the Surplus Fund, the Reserve Fund, and, as to senior notes and other senior
obligations only, the Acquisition Fund.
Balances in the Principal
Account may also be applied to the purchase of notes at a purchase price not to
exceed the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest, or to the redemption
of or distribution of principal with respect to notes at a prepayment price not
to exceed the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest upon transfer to
the Retirement Account, as determined by the trust at such time. Any such
purchase, redemption or distribution of principal will be limited to those notes
whose stated maturity or mandatory sinking fund payment date is the next
succeeding principal payment date.
Retirement Account.
The indenture trustee will deposit in the
Retirement Account:
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any amounts transferred thereto from the Acquisition Fund, the
Collection Fund, the Surplus Fund, or the Principal Account to provide for the
redemption of or the distribution of principal with respect to the notes;
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that portion of the proceeds from the sale of the trust's bonds,
notes or other evidences of indebtedness, if any, to be used to pay the
principal or redemption price of notes on a date other than the stated maturity
thereof or a mandatory sinking fund payment date therefor;
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that portion of the proceeds of the sale or securitization of a student loan, if
any, to be used to pay the principal or prepayment price of notes on a date
other than the stated maturity date thereof or a mandatory sinking fund payment
date thereof; and
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all payments under any credit enhancement facilities to be used to pay the
principal or redemption price of notes payable from the Retirement Account.
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All notes that are to be
redeemed, or with respect to which principal distributions are to be made, other
than at stated maturity or on a mandatory sinking fund payment date, will be
redeemed or paid with funds deposited to the Retirement Account. Funds in the
Retirement Account will also be used for the reimbursement to any credit
facility provider for the payment of those amounts pursuant to a credit
enhancement facility.
Amounts deposited in the
Retirement Account to provide for the payment of the redemption price of notes
subject to mandatory redemption, or for mandatory principal distributions with
respect to notes, will be applied to the payments with respect to notes of all
series subject to prepayment in such order of priority as may be established by
the related supplemental indenture (or in the absence of direction from those
supplemental indentures, in the order in which notes mature, and among notes
with the same stated maturity, in the order in which those notes were issued).
No redemption (other than mandatory sinking fund redemption) of, or principal
distribution with respect to, subordinate notes will be permitted unless, after
giving effect to that redemption or distribution, the Senior Asset Requirement
will be met.
Balances in the Retirement
Account may also be applied to the purchase of notes at a purchase price not to
exceed the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest plus any then
applicable redemption premium, as determined by the trust at such time.
Reserve Fund
Upon the issuance of any
series of notes, the indenture trustee will credit to the Reserve Fund, from the
proceeds of that issuance of notes or from the Surplus Fund, the amount, if any,
so that upon issuance of those notes the balance in the Reserve Fund will not be
less than the Reserve Fund Requirement.
If on any monthly
calculation date the balance in the Reserve Fund is less than the Reserve Fund
Requirement, the indenture trustee will transfer to the Reserve Fund an amount
equal to the deficiency from moneys available in the following funds in the
following order of priority (to the extent not required for credit to the
Administration Fund, the Debt Service Fund or the Acquisition Fund): the
Collection Fund and the Surplus Fund.
The balance in the Reserve
Fund will be used and applied solely for the payment when due of principal of
and interest on the notes and any other indenture obligations payable from the
Debt Service Fund. If on any monthly calculation date the balance in the Reserve
Fund exceeds the Reserve Fund Requirement, that excess will be transferred to
the Collection Fund.
Surplus Fund
On each monthly calculation
date, the indenture trustee will deposit to the Surplus Fund balances in the
Collection Fund not required for deposit to any other fund or account and
certain amounts transferred from the Acquisition Fund.
At any time there is a
deficiency in any of the other funds or accounts, balances in the Surplus Fund
will be transferred to those funds or accounts to remedy that deficiency in the
same order of priority as for the application of money in the Collection Fund.
Amounts in the Surplus Fund
may be applied to any one or more of the following purposes at any time as
determined by the trust:
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transfer to the Retirement Account for the redemption or purchase of, or
distribution of principal with respect to, notes; or
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during an acquisition period, transfer to the Acquisition Fund for the
acquisition or origination of student loans.
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Any amounts in the Surplus
Fund will also be released to the sponsor or used to make indemnity payments
required pursuant to the terms of a servicing agreement if , after taking into
account any such release and excluding, for these purposes only, from the
calculation of the aggregate value of the trust's assets, any student loans
not satisfying the trust's eligibility criteria, (a) the Senior Asset
Percentage will not be less than 107%, and the Subordinate Asset Percentage will
not be less than 101.5% or such greater percentages or amounts as may be
required by the rating agencies and (b) the aggregate value of the
trust's assets, less the principal amount of all notes outstanding will
exceed $3,000,000 after release or payment; or in all cases lesser percentages
or amounts if each rating agency confirms that use of such lesser percentage or
amount will not result in a withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then
applicable to any outstanding notes.
Statements to indenture trustee and trust
The issuer administrator
will prepare and provide periodic statements to the indenture trustee that will
include:
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the amount of principal distributions on the notes;
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the amount of interest distributions for each series of notes and the applicable interest rates;
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the amount of interest distributed on carry-over amounts and the amount of any
outstanding carry-over interest;
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the pool balance at the end of the collection period;
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the outstanding principal amount of each series of notes;
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the interest rate for any series of variable rate notes for that month;
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the servicing fees, trustees' fees, auction agent fees, broker-dealer fees and
administrative fees for the collection period;
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the amount of principal and interest collected on the student loans;
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the balance of any reserve account, after giving effect to changes in the
balance on that payment date;
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the amount of any distributions from funds on deposit in the Acquisition Fund;
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during each acquisition period, the principal amount of student loans acquired;
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the amount remaining in the Acquisition Fund being transferred to the Debt Service Fund;
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the ratio of the trust's assets to the outstanding amount of senior notes and all of the notes;
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the interest rates, if available, for the next interest period for each series;
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the amount of any aggregate realized losses for the collection period;
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the amount of any shortfall in the payment of the principal distribution amount
for each series, and any changes in these amounts from the preceding statement;
and
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the balance of student loans held by the trust that are delinquent in each
delinquency period as of the end of collection period.
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Investment of funds held by indenture trustee
The indenture trustee will
invest amounts credited to any fund established under the indenture in
investment securities described in the indenture pursuant to orders received
from us. In the absence of an order, and to the extent practicable, the
indenture trustee will invest amounts held under the indenture in direct
obligations of, or in obligations fully guaranteed by, the United States.
The indenture trustee is
not responsible or liable for any losses on investments made by it or for
keeping all funds held by it fully invested at all times. Its only
responsibility is to comply with investment instructions in a non-negligent
manner.
Book-Entry Registration
Investors acquiring
beneficial ownership interests in the notes issued in book-entry form will hold
their notes through The Depository Trust Company in the United States, or
Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear (in Europe) if they are participants of
these systems, or indirectly through organizations which are participants in
these systems. The book-entry notes will be issued in one or more instruments
which equal the aggregate principal balance of the series of notes and will
initially be registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of The
Depository Trust Company. Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear will hold
omnibus positions on behalf of their participants through customers'
securities accounts in Clearstream, Luxembourg's and Euroclear's name
on the books of its respective depositary which in turn will hold positions in
customers' securities accounts in such depositary's name on the books
of The Depository Trust Company. Citibank N.A. will act as depositary for
Clearstream, Luxembourg and The Chase Manhattan Bank will act as depositary for
Euroclear. Except as described below, no person acquiring a book-entry note will
be entitled to receive a physical certificate representing the notes. Unless and
until Definitive Certificates are issued, it is anticipated that the only holder
of the notes will be Cede & Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust Company.
The Depository Trust
Company is a New York-chartered limited-purpose trust company that performs
services for its participants, some of which, and/or their representatives, own
The Depository Trust Company. In accordance with its normal procedures, The
Depository Trust Company is expected to record the positions held by each of its
participants in notes issued in book-entry form, whether held for its own
account or as nominee for another person. In general, beneficial ownership of
book-entry notes will be subject to the rules, regulations and procedures
governing The Depository Trust Company and its participants as in effect from
time to time.
Purchases of the notes
under The Depository Trust Company system must be made by or through direct
participants, which are to receive a credit for the notes on The Depository
Trust Company's records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of
each series of notes, or beneficial owner, is in turn to be recorded on the
direct and indirect participants' records. Beneficial owners shall not
receive written confirmation from The Depository Trust Company of their
purchase, but beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations
providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their
holdings, from the direct or indirect participant through which the beneficial
owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the
notes are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting
on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners shall not receive certificates
representing their ownership interests in the notes, except in the event that
use of the book-entry system for the series of any notes is discontinued.
To facilitate subsequent
transfers, all notes deposited by participants with The Depository Trust Company
are registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company's partnership
nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit of such notes with The Depository Trust
Company and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. effect no change in
beneficial ownership. The Depository Trust Company has no knowledge of the
actual beneficial owners of notes; The Depository Trust Company's records
reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts such
notes are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The
participants remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf
of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and
other communications by The Depository Trust Company to direct participants, by
direct participants to indirect participants, and by direct participants and
indirect participants to beneficial owners are governed by arrangements among
them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect
from time to time.
Redemption notices shall be
sent to Cede & Co. If less than all of a series of notes are being redeemed,
The Depository Trust Company's practice is to determine by lot the amount
of the interest of each Direct Participant in that series to be redeemed.
Neither The Depository
Trust Company nor Cede & Co. will consent or vote with respect to the notes
of any series. Under its usual procedures, The Depository Trust Company mails an
omnibus proxy to College Loan Corporation Trust I, or the indenture trustee, as
appropriate, as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy
assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to those direct
participants to whose accounts the notes are credited on the record date.
Principal and interest
payments on the notes are to be made to The Depository Trust Company. The
Depository Trust Company's practice is to credit direct participant's
accounts on the due date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on
The Depository Trust Company's records unless The Depository Trust Company
has reason to believe that it will not receive payment on the due date. Payments
by participants to beneficial owners are governed by standing instructions and
customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of
customers in bearer form or registered in "street name," and shall be
the responsibility of the participant and not of The Depository Trust Company,
the indenture trustee or the trust, subject to any statutory or regulatory
requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of principal and
interest to The Depository Trust Company is the responsibility of the trust, or
the indenture trustee. Disbursement of such payments to direct participants
shall be the responsibility of The Depository Trust Company, and disbursement of
such payments to the beneficial owners shall be the responsibility of direct and
indirect participants.
Depository Trust Company
may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with respect to
the notes of any series at any time by giving reasonable notice to the trust or
the indenture trustee. In the event that a successor securities depository is
not obtained, note certificates are required to be printed and delivered.
Clearstream Banking,
société anonyme, Luxembourg, formerly Cedelbank ("Clearstream,
Luxembourg"), has advised that it is incorporated under the laws of the
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg as a professional depository. Clearstream, Luxembourg
holds securities for its participating organizations. Clearstream, Luxembourg
facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants through electronic book-entry changes in
accounts of Clearstream, Luxembourg participants, thereby eliminating the need
for physical movement of certificates. Clearstream, Luxembourg provides to its
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants, among other things, services for
safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded
securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream, Luxembourg
interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. As a professional
depository, Clearstream, Luxembourg is subject to regulation by the Luxembourg
Commission for the Supervision of the Financial Sector (the "CSSF").
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants are recognized financial institutions
around the world, including underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks,
trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Indirect
access to Clearstream, Luxembourg is also available to others, such as banks,
brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial
relationship with a Clearstream, Luxembourg participant, either directly or
indirectly.
Euroclear has advised that
it was created in 1968 to hold securities for participants of Euroclear and to
clear and settle transactions between Euroclear participants through
simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, eliminating the
need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack of
simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Euroclear provides various other
services, including securities lending and borrowing and interfaces with
domestic markets in several countries. Euroclear is operated by Euroclear Bank
S.A./NV (the "Euroclear operator"), under contract with Euroclear
Clearance Systems S.C., a Belgian cooperative corporation (the
Cooperative"). All operations are conducted by the Euroclear operator, and
all Euroclear securities clearance accounts and Euroclear cash accounts are
accounts with the Euroclear operator, not the Cooperative. The Cooperative
establishes policy for Euroclear on behalf of Euroclear participants. Euroclear
participants include banks, central banks, securities brokers and dealers and
other professional financial intermediaries. Indirect access to Euroclear is
also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a custodial
relationship with a Euroclear participant, either directly or indirectly.
The Euroclear operator has
advised that it is licensed by the Belgian Banking and Finance Commission to
carry out banking activities on a global basis. As a Belgian Bank, it is
regulated by the Belgian Banking Commission.
Securities clearance
accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear operator are governed by the Terms
and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear and the related Operating Procedures
of the Euroclear System and applicable Belgian law. The Terms and Conditions
govern transfers of securities and cash within the Euroclear, withdrawals of
securities and cash from the Euroclear, and receipts of payments with respect to
securities in Euroclear. All securities in Euroclear are held on a fungible
basis without attribution of specific certificates to specific securities
clearance accounts. The Euroclear operator acts under the Terms and Conditions
only on behalf of Euroclear participants and has no record of or relationship
with persons holding through Euroclear participants.
Distributions with respect
to notes held through Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear will be credited to
the cash accounts of Clearstream, Luxembourg participants or Euroclear
participants in accordance with the relevant system's rules and procedures,
to the extent received by its depositary. Those distributions will be subject to
tax reporting in accordance with relevant United States tax laws and
regulations. Clearstream, Luxembourg or the Euroclear operator, as the case may
be, will take any other action permitted to be taken by a noteholder under the
indenture on behalf of a Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or Euroclear
participant only in accordance with the relevant rules and procedures and
subject to the relevant Depositary's ability to effect such actions on its
behalf through The Depository Trust Company.
Noteholders may hold their
notes in the United States through The Depository Trust Company or in Europe
through Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear if they are participants of such
systems, or indirectly through organizations which are participants in such
systems.
The notes will initially be
registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of The Depository Trust
Company. Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear will hold omnibus positions on
behalf of their participants through customers' securities accounts in
Clearstream, Luxembourg's and Euroclear's names on the books of their
respective depositaries which in turn will hold such positions in
customers' securities accounts in the depositaries' names on the books
of The Depository Trust Company. Citibank, N.A. will act as depositary for
Clearstream, Luxembourg and The Chase Manhattan Bank of New York will act as
depositary for Euroclear.
Transfers between
participants will occur in accordance with The Depository Trust Company Rules.
Transfers between Clearstream, Luxembourg participants and Euroclear
participants will occur in accordance with their respective rules and operating
procedures.
Because of time-zone
differences, credits of securities received in Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear as a result of a transaction with a participant will be made during
subsequent securities settlement processing and dated the business day following
The Depository Trust Company settlement date. Such credits or any transactions
in such securities settled during such processing will be reported to the
relevant Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg participants on such business day.
Cash received in Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear as a result of sales of
securities by or through a Clearstream, Luxembourg participant or Euroclear
participant to a participant will be received with value on The Depository Trust
Company settlement date but will be available in the relevant Clearstream,
Luxembourg or Euroclear cash account only as of the business day following
settlement in The Depository Trust Company.
Cross-market transfers
between persons holding directly or indirectly through The Depository Trust
Company, on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through Clearstream,
Luxembourg participants or Euroclear participants, on the other, will be
effected in The Depository Trust Company in accordance with The Depository Trust
Company Rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system
by its depositary; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery
of instructions to the relevant European international clearing system by the
counterparty in such system in accordance with its rules and procedures and
within its established deadlines (European time). The relevant European
international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement
requirements, deliver instructions to its depositary to take action to effect
final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving securities in The
Depository Trust Company, and making or receiving payment in accordance with
normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to The Depository
Trust Company. Clearstream, Luxembourg participants and Euroclear participants
may not deliver instructions to the depositaries.
Depository Trust Company
has advised that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a noteholder
under the indenture only at the direction of one or more participants to whose
accounts with The Depository Trust Company the notes are credited. Clearstream,
Luxembourg or Euroclear will take any action permitted to be taken by a
noteholder under the indenture on behalf of a participant only in accordance
with their relevant rules and procedures and subject to the ability of the
relevant depositary to effect these actions on its behalf through The Depository
Trust Company.
Although The Depository
Trust Company, Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear have agreed to the
foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in the notes
among participants of The Depository Trust Company, Clearstream, Luxembourg and
Euroclear, they are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such
procedures and such procedures may be discontinued at any time.
Neither the trust, the
seller, the servicers, the sub-servicers, the indenture trustee nor the
underwriters will have any responsibility or obligation to any The Depository
Trust Company participants, Clearstream, Luxembourg participants or Euroclear
participants or the persons for whom they act as nominees with respect to
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the accuracy of any records maintained by The Depository Trust Company,
Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear or any participant,
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the payment by The Depository Trust Company, Clearstream, Luxembourg or
Euroclear or any participant of any amount due to any beneficial owner in
respect of the principal amount or interest on the notes,
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the delivery by any The Depository Trust Company participant, participant or
Euroclear participant of any notice to any beneficial owner which is required or
permitted under the terms of the indenture to be given to noteholders or
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any other action taken by The Depository Trust Company.
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In certain circumstances,
the trust may discontinue use of the system of book entry transfers through The
Depository Trust Company or a successor securities depository. In that event,
note certificates are to be printed and delivered.
Additional Notes
The trust may, upon
complying with the provisions of the indenture, issue from time to time
additional notes secured by the assets of the trust on a parity with or
subordinate to either senior notes or subordinate notes, or junior subordinate
notes if any, then outstanding. We may issue additional notes without the
approval of the holders of any outstanding notes.
The
trust will not issue additional notes unless the following conditions have been
satisfied:
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the trust has entered into a supplemental indenture with the indenture trustee
providing the terms and forms of the additional notes;
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the indenture trustee has received a rating confirmation from each rating agency
which has assigned a rating to any outstanding notes of the trust that such
rating will not be reduced or withdrawn as a result of the issuance of the
proposed additional notes; and
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the indenture trustee has received an opinion of counsel to the effect that all
of the foregoing conditions to the issuance of the proposed additional notes
have been satisfied.
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Additional Indenture Obligations
Upon complying with the
terms of the indenture, the trust may enter into swap agreements and obtain
credit enhancement facilities. Any swap agreement or credit enhancement facility
may be obtained for the sole benefit of the series of notes designated in that
swap agreement or facility. In that event, payments under that swap agreement or
credit enhancement facility would not be available to make payments on any other
series of notes. However, any payments required to be made to any counterparty
or credit facility provider would be parity obligations with the other indenture
obligations of the same series, payable from any revenues available to pay those
indenture obligations. We may enter into swap agreements or credit enhancement
facilities without the approval of holders of any outstanding notes. Under the
indenture, the trust may not, however, enter into a swap agreement or credit
enhancement facility unless the indenture trustee has received written
confirmation from each rating agency that such action would not result in the
reduction or withdrawal of any ratings then applicable to the outstanding notes.
Summary of the Indenture Provisions
The trust will issue series
of notes from time to time pursuant to the indenture and a related supplemental
indenture. The following is a summary of some of the provisions contained in the
indenture. This summary is not comprehensive and reference should be made to the
indenture for a full and complete statement of its provisions.
Parity and priority of lien
The provisions of the
trust's indenture are generally for the equal benefit, protection and
security of the holders of all of the notes issued by the trust. However, the
senior notes have priority over the subordinate notes with respect to payments
of principal and interest, and the subordinate notes have priority over the
junior subordinate notes, if any, with respect to payments of principal and
interest.
The trust will not:
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create, or permit the creation of, any pledge, lien, charge or encumbrance upon
the student loans or the other assets pledged under the indenture, except only
as to a lien subordinate to the lien of the indenture created by any other
indenture authorizing the issuance of bonds, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness of the trust, the proceeds of which have been or will be used to
refund or otherwise retire all or a portion of the outstanding notes or as
otherwise provided in or permitted by the indenture or
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issue any bonds or other evidences of indebtedness, other than the notes as
permitted by the indenture and other than swap agreements and credit enhancement
facilities relating to notes as permitted by the indenture, secured by a pledge
of the revenues and other assets pledged under the indenture, creating a lien or
charge equal or superior to the lien of the indenture.
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Covenants
Enforcement and
amendment of guarantee agreements.
The trust will cause the
eligible lender trustee to enter into and maintain guarantee agreements covering
the trust's student loans so as to maintain benefits for all student loans.
The trust also will not voluntarily consent to or permit any rescission of or
consent to any amendment to or otherwise take any action under or in connection
with these agreements that in any manner will materially adversely affect the
rights of the holders of the notes or the other beneficiaries under the
indenture, unless each rating agency confirms that the proposed amendment will
not result in the withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then applicable to the
outstanding notes.
Acquisition,
collection and assignment of student loans.
The trust will
purchase or originate student loans only with moneys in any of the funds and,
subject to any adjustments referred to in the following paragraph, will
diligently cause to be collected all principal, interest and other payments in
respect of the student loans to which the trust is entitled.
Enforcement of
student loans.
The trust will cause to be diligently enforced all
terms, covenants and conditions of all student loans and agreements in
connection with the student loans, including the prompt payment of all principal
and interest and other amounts due to the trust. The trust will not permit the
release of the obligations of any borrower under any student loan and will, to
the extent permitted by law, cause to be defended, enforced, preserved and
protected, the rights and privileges of the trust, the eligible lender trustee,
the indenture trustee, the holders of the notes and the other beneficiaries
under the indenture, under and with respect to each student loan and related
agreement. The trust will not consent or agree to or permit any amendment or
modification of any student loan or related agreement that will in any manner
materially adversely affect the rights or security of the holders of the notes
and other beneficiaries under the indenture. The trust may, however:
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settle a default or cure a delinquency on a student loan on terms that are required by law,
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amend the terms of a student loan to provide a different rate of interest to the
extent required by law and
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reduce the interest rate of or forgive interest or principal payments on student
loans pursuant to borrower benefit programs within certain limitations specified
in the indenture.
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The trust may otherwise
amend the terms of any student loan or reduce interest payments or forgive
interest or principal payments in excess of the specified limitations if each
rating agency has confirmed that the proposed action will not result in the
withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then applicable to any outstanding notes.
Administration and
collection of student loans.
The trust will enter into one or
more servicing agreements pursuant to which servicers (which shall not include
the trust) that meet certain standards set forth in the indenture agree to
service and collect, all student loans originated under the Federal Family
Education Loan Program in accordance with all requirements of the Higher
Education Act, the Secretary of Education, the indenture and each guarantee
agreement. The trust will diligently enforce all terms, covenants and conditions
of all servicing agreements, student loan purchase agreements and administration
agreements, including the prompt payment of all amounts due under those
agreements. The trust will not permit the release of the obligations of any
servicer under any servicing agreement, any administrator under any
administration agreement or any party under a loan purchase agreement, except in
accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement. The trust will not
consent or agree to or permit any amendment or modification of any servicing
agreement, administration agreement or loan purchase agreement unless each
rating agency confirms that the amendment or modification will not result in the
withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then applicable to the outstanding notes.
Limitation on
fees.
The fees, costs and expenses of the trust may not exceed
certain levels unless each rating agency confirms that such levels will not
result in the withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then applicable to any
outstanding notes.
Tax
Treatment
. The trust agrees, and each holder of notes, by its
acceptance of its notes, agrees, to treat the notes for federal, state and local
income, business and franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the trust.
Continued existence;
merger and consolidation.
The trust will maintain its existence
as a Delaware statutory trust and will not dispose of all or substantially all
of its assets, except as otherwise specifically authorized in the indenture, or
consolidate with or merge into another entity, or permit any other entity to
consolidate with or merge into it, unless either the trust is the surviving
entity or each of the following conditions is satisfied:
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the surviving, resulting or transferee entity, as the case may be, is a
corporation, limited liability company or other legal entity organized under the
laws of the United States or one of the states thereof;
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at least 30 days before any merger, consolidation or transfer of assets
becomes effective, the trust gives the indenture trustee written notice of the
proposed transaction;
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immediately after giving effect to any merger, consolidation or transfer of
assets, no event of default under the indenture has occurred and is continuing;
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each rating agency confirms that the merger, consolidation or transfer of assets
will not result in the withdrawal or reduction of any ratings then applicable to
any outstanding notes; and
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prior to or concurrently with any merger, consolidation or transfer of assets,
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any action necessary to maintain the lien and security interest created in favor
of the indenture trustee under the indenture is taken;
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the surviving, resulting or transferee entity, as the case may be, delivers to
the indenture trustee an instrument assuming all of the obligations of the trust
under the indenture and related agreements, together with any necessary
consents; and
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the trust delivers to the indenture trustee and each rating agency a certificate
and an opinion of counsel (which will either describe the actions taken that are
necessary to maintain the lien and security interest in favor of the indenture
trustee under the indenture or that no such action needs to be taken), each
stating that all conditions precedent to the merger, consolidation or transfer
of assets have been complied with.
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Events of default
The
indenture defines the following events as events of default:
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default in the due and punctual payment of any interest on any senior note; or
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default in the due and punctual payment of the principal of, or premium, if any,
on any senior note, whether at stated maturity, at the date fixed for redemption
of that senior note (including, but not limited to, mandatory sinking fund
payment dates) or otherwise upon the maturity of that senior note; or
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default by the trust in its obligation to purchase any senior note on a tender
date for that senior note; or
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default in the due and punctual payment of any amount owed by the trust to any
other senior beneficiary under a senior swap agreement or senior credit
enhancement facility; or
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if no senior obligations are outstanding, default in the due and punctual
payment of any interest on any subordinate note; or
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if no senior obligations are outstanding, default in the due and punctual
payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, on, any subordinate note,
whether at stated maturity, at the date fixed for redemption of that subordinate
note (including but not limited to, mandatory sinking fund payment dates) or
otherwise upon the maturity of that subordinate note; or
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if no senior obligations are outstanding, default by the trust in its obligation
to purchase any subordinate note on a tender date for that subordinate note; or
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if no senior obligations are outstanding, default in the due and punctual
payment of any amount owed by the trust to any other subordinate beneficiary
under a subordinate swap agreement or a subordinate credit enhancement facility;
or
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if no senior obligations and no subordinate obligations are outstanding, default
in the due and punctual payment of any interest on any junior subordinate note;
or
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if no senior obligations and no subordinate obligations are outstanding, default
in the due and punctual payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, on, any
junior subordinate note, whether at stated maturity, at the date fixed for
redemption of that junior subordinate note (including, but not limited to,
mandatory sinking fund payment dates) or otherwise upon the maturity of that
junior subordinate note; or
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if no senior obligations and no subordinate obligations are outstanding, default
by the trust in its obligation to purchase any junior subordinate note on a
tender date therefor; or
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if no senior obligations and no subordinate obligations are outstanding, default
in the due and punctual payment of any amount owed by the trust to any other
junior subordinate beneficiary under a junior subordinate swap agreement or
junior subordinate credit enhancement facility; or
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default in the performance of any of the trust's obligations with respect
to the transmittal of money to be credited to the Collection Fund, the
Acquisition Fund or the Debt Service Fund under the provisions of the indenture
that has continued unremedied for 30 days; or
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default in the performance or observance of any other of the covenants,
agreements or conditions on the part of the trust contained in the indenture or
in the notes that has continued unremedied for 30 days after written notice
specifying the default has been given to the trust by the indenture trustee,
unless the default is such that it can be corrected, but not within
30 days, corrective action has been instituted by the trust within
30 days and is diligently pursued until the default is corrected; or
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certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency of the trust.
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Remedies on default
Whenever any event of
default has occurred and is continuing, the indenture trustee may (and, upon the
written request of the Acting Beneficiaries Upon Default, the indenture trustee
will), by notice in writing delivered to the trust, declare the principal of and
interest accrued on all notes then outstanding due and payable and principal and
interest will become immediately due and payable.
At any time after such a
declaration of acceleration has been made, and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the indenture trustee, the Acting
Beneficiaries Upon Default, by written notice to the trust and the indenture
trustee, may rescind and annul that declaration and its consequences if:
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a sum of money has been paid to or deposited with the indenture trustee by or
for the account of the trust, or provision for payment satisfactory to the
indenture trustee has been made, sufficient to pay:
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if senior obligations are outstanding:
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all overdue installments of interest on all senior notes;
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the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any senior notes which have become
due other than by declaration of acceleration, together with interest at the
rate or rates borne by those senior notes;
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to the extent lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest on the
senior notes at the rate or rates borne by the senior notes;
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all other senior obligations which have become due other than as a direct result
of declaration of acceleration;
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all other sums required to be credited to the Collection Fund and the Interest Account; and
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all sums paid or advanced by the indenture trustee under the indenture and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the indenture
trustee, its agents and counsel and any paying agents, remarketing agents,
tender agents, auction agents, market agents and broker-dealers;
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if no senior obligations are outstanding, but subordinate obligations are outstanding:
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all overdue installments of interest on all subordinate notes;
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the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any subordinate notes which have
become due other than by declaration of acceleration, together with interest at
the rate or rates borne by those subordinate notes;
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to the extent lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest on the
subordinate notes at the rate or rates borne by the subordinate notes;
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all other subordinate obligations which have become due other than as a direct
result of declaration of acceleration;
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all other sums required to be credited to the Collection Fund and the Interest Account; and
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all sums paid or advanced by the indenture trustee under the indenture and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the indenture
trustee, its agents and counsel and any paying agents, remarketing agents,
tender agents, auction agents and broker-dealers; or
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if no senior obligations and no subordinate obligations are outstanding but
junior subordinate notes are outstanding:
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all overdue installments of interest on all junior subordinate notes;
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the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any junior subordinate notes which
have become due other than by declaration of acceleration, together with
interest at the rate or rates borne by those junior subordinate notes;
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to the extent lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest on the
junior subordinate notes at the rate or rates borne by the junior subordinate
notes;
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all other junior subordinate obligations which have become due other than as a
direct result of declaration or acceleration;
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all other sums required to be credited to the Collection Fund and the Interest Account; and
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all sums paid or advanced by the indenture trustee under the indenture and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the indenture
trustee, its agents and counsel and any paying agents, remarketing agents,
tender agents, auction agents, market agents and broker-dealers;
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and
all events of default, other than the nonpayment of the principal of and
interest on notes or other obligations which have become due solely by, or as a
direct result of, declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as
provided in the indenture.
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If an event of default has
occurred and is continuing, the indenture trustee may, subject to applicable
law, pursue any available remedy by suit at law or in equity to enforce the
covenants of the trust in the indenture and may pursue such appropriate judicial
proceedings as the indenture trustee deems most effective to protect and
enforce, or aid in the protection and enforcement of, the covenants and
agreements in the indenture. The indenture trustee is also authorized to file
proofs of claims in any equity, receivership, insolvency, bankruptcy,
liquidation, readjustment, reorganization or other similar proceedings.
If an event of default has
occurred and is continuing, the Acting Beneficiaries Upon Default have requested
the indenture trustee to do so and the indenture trustee has been indemnified as
provided in the indenture, the indenture trustee is obliged to exercise such one
or more of the rights and powers conferred by the indenture as the indenture
trustee deems most expedient in the interests of the beneficiaries. However, the
indenture trustee has the right to decline to comply with any such request if
counsel has advised the indenture trustee that the action requested may not
lawfully be taken or if the indenture trustee receives, before exercising that
right or power, contrary instructions from the Acting Beneficiaries Upon
Default.
The Acting Beneficiaries
Upon Default have the right to direct the method and place of conducting all
proceedings to be taken in connection with the enforcement of the terms and
conditions of the indenture, provided that:
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such direction will not violate any provisions of law or of the indenture;
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the indenture trustee does not determine that the action so directed would be
unjustly prejudicial to the holders of notes or other beneficiaries not taking
part in the direction, other than by effect of the subordination of any of their
interests;
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the indenture trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the indenture
trustee which is not inconsistent with the direction; and
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the indenture trustee will be indemnified to its reasonable satisfaction as
provided in the indenture.
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Except as permitted in a
supplemental indenture with respect to an other beneficiary, no holder of any
note or other beneficiary will have any right to institute any suit, action or
proceeding in equity or at law for the enforcement of the indenture or for the
execution of any trust under the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver
or any other remedy under the indenture unless:
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an event of default has occurred and is continuing;
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the Acting Beneficiaries Upon Default have provided written request to the indenture trustee;
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that beneficiary or those beneficiaries have offered to the indenture trustee indemnity;
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the indenture trustee has failed or refused for a period of 60 days after
the receipt of the request and indemnification to exercise the powers granted in
the indenture or to institute that action, suit or proceeding in its own name;
and
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no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the
indenture trustee during that 60-day period by the holders of not less than a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding.
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No one or more holders of
the notes or any other beneficiary has any right in any manner whatsoever to
affect, disturb or prejudice the lien of the indenture by his, her, its or their
action or to enforce any right under the indenture except in the manner
described indenture, and all proceedings at law or in equity must be instituted,
had and maintained in the manner described in the indenture and for the benefit
of the holders of all outstanding notes and other beneficiaries, as their
interests may appear. Nevertheless, the Acting Beneficiaries Upon Default may
institute any such suit, action or proceeding in their own names for the benefit
of the holders of all outstanding notes and other beneficiaries under the
indenture.
Unless the indenture
trustee has declared the principal of and interest on all outstanding notes
immediately due and payable and has obtained a judgment or decree for payment of
the money due, the indenture trustee, will waive any event of default and its
consequences upon written request of the Acting Beneficiaries Upon Default;
except that the indenture trustee is not permitted to waive:
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any event of default arising from the acceleration of the maturity of the notes,
except upon the rescission and annulment of the declaration as described above;
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any event of default in the payment when due of any amount owed to any
beneficiary (including payment of principal of or interest on any note) except
with the consent of that beneficiary or unless, prior to the waiver, the trust
has paid or deposited with the indenture trustee a sum sufficient to pay all
amounts owed to that beneficiary (including, to the extent permitted by law,
interest upon overdue installments of interest);
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any event of default arising from the failure of the trust to pay unpaid
expenses of the indenture trustee, its agents and counsel, and any
authenticating agent, paying agents, note registrars, tender agents, remarketing
agents, auction agents, market agents and broker-dealers as required by the
indenture, unless, prior to the waiver, the trust has caused to be paid or
deposited with the indenture trustee sums required to satisfy those obligations
of the trust under the indenture; or
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any default in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture which cannot
be modified or amended without the consent of each affected holder of a note.
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Notwithstanding any other
provisions of the indenture, if an "event of default" occurs under a
swap agreement or a credit enhancement facility and, as a result, any other
beneficiary that is a party is entitled to exercise one or more remedies under
that swap agreement or credit enhancement facility, that other beneficiary may
exercise those remedies, including the termination of that agreement, in its own
discretion. Nevertheless, that party may not exercise any such remedy if it
adversely affects the legal ability of the trustee or Acting Beneficiaries Upon
Default to exercise any remedy available under the indenture.
After the occurrence of a
default, the indenture trustee will have a lien on the trust estate prior to the
lien of the noteholders and all other persons as security for the obligation of
the trust to pay the reasonable fees of the indenture trustee and to indemnify
the indenture trustee in accordance with the provisions of the indenture.
Application of Proceeds
Unless the principal of all
the notes shall have become or shall have been declared due and payable, all
such funds will be applied as follows:
FIRST, to the payment to
the holders of the senior notes and other senior obligations of all installments
of principal and interest then due (except, with respect to senior swap
agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a
rating agency condition), and if the amount available will not be sufficient to
pay all those amounts in full, then to the payment ratably, in proportion to the
amounts due without regard to due date, to the senior noteholders and to each
other senior beneficiary, and the indenture trustee will apply the amount so
apportioned to the senior noteholders first to the payment of interest and
thereafter to the payment of principal;
SECOND (only if the Senior
Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such amounts or
if there are no senior notes outstanding), to the payment to the holders of
subordinate notes and other subordinate obligations of all installments of
principal and interest then due (except, with respect to subordinate swap
agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a
rating agency condition), and if the amount available will not be sufficient to
pay all those amounts in full, then to the payment ratably, in proportion to the
amounts due, without regard to due date, to the subordinate noteholders and to
each other subordinate beneficiary, and the indenture trustee will apply the
amount so apportioned to the subordinate noteholders first to the payment of
interest and thereafter to the payment of principal;
THIRD (only if the
Subordinate Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such
amounts or there are no senior notes or subordinate notes outstanding), to the
payment to the junior subordinate beneficiaries of all installments of principal
and interest then due on the junior subordinate notes and all other junior
subordinate obligations (except, with respect to junior subordinate swap
agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a
rating agency condition), and if the amount available shall not be sufficient to
pay all such amounts in full, then to the payment ratably, in proportion to the
amounts due, without regard to due date, to the junior subordinate noteholders
and to each other junior subordinate beneficiary, and the indenture trustee will
apply the amount so apportioned to the junior subordinate noteholders first to
payment of interest and thereafter to the payment of principal;
FOURTH, to the payment of
the holders of the senior notes of all carry-over amounts (together with
interest thereon) then due and payable in the order in which such amounts became
due and payable, and if the amount available shall not be sufficient to pay in
full all such carry-over amounts (and interest thereon) which became due and
payable on any particular date, then to the payment, ratably, according to the
amounts due on such date, to the senior noteholders entitled thereto;
FIFTH (only if the Senior
Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such amounts or
if there are no senior notes outstanding), to the payment to the holders of the
subordinate notes of all carry-over amounts (together with interest thereon)
then due and payable in the order in which such amounts became due and payable,
and if the amount available shall not be sufficient to pay in full all such
carry-over amounts (and interest thereon) which became due and payable on any
particular date, then to the payment, ratably, according to the amounts due on
such date, to the subordinate noteholders entitled thereto;
SIXTH (only if the
Subordinate Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such
amounts or there are no senior notes or subordinate notes outstanding), to the
payment to the holders of the junior subordinate notes of all carry-over amounts
(together with interest thereon) then due and payable in the order in which such
amounts became due and payable, and if the amount available shall not be
sufficient to pay in full all such carry-over amounts (and interest thereon)
which became due and payable on any particular date, then to the payment,
ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the junior subordinate
noteholders entitled thereto;
SEVENTH, to the payment of
unpaid termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments then
due and payable to swap agreement counterparties under senior swap agreements,
in the order in which such termination payments became due and payable, and if
the amount available shall not be sufficient to pay in full all such termination
payments which became due and payable on any particular date, then to the
payment, ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the senior swap
agreement counterparties entitled thereto;
EIGHTH (only if the Senior
Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such amounts or
if there are no senior notes outstanding), to the payment of unpaid termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments then due and payable to
swap agreement counterparties under subordinate swap agreements, in the order in
which such termination payments became due and payable, and if the amount
available shall not be sufficient to pay in full all such termination payments
which became due and payable on any particular date, then to the payment,
ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the subordinate swap
agreement counterparties entitled thereto; and
NINTH (only if the
Subordinate Asset Percentage would be at least 100% upon the application of such
amounts or if there are no senior notes or subordinate notes outstanding), to
the payment of unpaid termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary
payments then due and payable to swap agreement counterparties under junior
subordinate swap agreement agreements, in the order in which such termination
payments became due and payable, and if the amount available shall not be
sufficient to pay in full all such termination payments which became due and
payable on any particular date, then to the payment, ratably, according to the
amounts due on such date, to the junior subordinate swap agreement
counterparties entitled thereto.
If the principal of all
outstanding notes shall have become due or shall have been declared due and
payable and such declaration has not been annulled and rescinded under the
provisions of the indenture, all such funds will be applied as follows:
FIRST, to the payment to
the senior beneficiaries of all principal and interest then due on the senior
notes and all other senior obligations (except, with respect to senior swap
agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination,
indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a
rating agency condition), without preference or priority of principal over
interest or of interest over principal, or of any installment of interest over
any other installment of interest, or of any senior beneficiary over any other
senior beneficiary, ratably, according to the amounts due, to the persons
entitled thereto;
SECOND, to the payment to
the subordinate beneficiaries of the principal and interest then due on the
subordinate notes and all other subordinate obligations (except, with respect to
subordinate swap agreements, only amounts due in the ordinary course and not any
termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payment without
satisfaction of a rating agency condition), without preference or priority of
principal over interest or of interest over principal, or of any installment of
interest over any other installment of interest, or of any subordinate
beneficiary over any other subordinate beneficiary, ratably, according to the
amounts due, to the person entitled thereto;
THIRD, to the payment to
the junior subordinate beneficiaries of the principal and interest then due and
unpaid upon the junior subordinate notes and all other junior subordinate
obligations (except, with respect to junior subordinate swap agreements, only
amounts due in the ordinary course and not any termination, indemnity or other
similar or extraordinary payment without satisfaction of a rating agency
condition), without preference or priority of principal over interest or of
interest over principal, or of any installment of interest over any other
installment of interest, or of any junior subordinate beneficiary over any other
junior subordinate beneficiary, ratably, according to the amounts due, to the
persons entitled thereto;
FOURTH, to the payment of
the holders of the senior notes of all carry-over amounts (together with
interest thereon) then due and unpaid, without any preference or priority of
carry-over amounts over interest thereon or of interest thereon over carry-over
amounts, ratably, according to the amounts due, to the senior noteholders
entitled thereto;
FIFTH, to the payment to
the holders of the subordinate notes of all carry-over amounts (together with
interest thereon) then due and unpaid, without any preference or priority of
carry-over amounts over interest thereon or of interest thereon over carry-over
amounts, ratably, according to the amounts due, to the subordinate noteholders
entitled thereto;
SIXTH, to the payment to
the holders of the junior subordinate notes of all carry-over amounts (together
with interest thereon) then due and unpaid, without any preference or priority
of carry-over amounts over interest thereon or of interest thereon over
carry-over amounts, ratably, according to the amounts due, to the junior
subordinate noteholders entitled thereto;
SEVENTH, to the payment of
unpaid termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments then
due and unpaid to swap agreement counterparties under senior swap agreements,
ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the senior swap agreement
counterparties entitled thereto;
EIGHTH, to the payment of
unpaid termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments then
due and unpaid to swap agreement counterparties under subordinate swap agreement
agreements, ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the
subordinate swap agreement counterparties entitled thereto, without any
discrimination or preference; and
NINTH to the payment of
unpaid termination, indemnity or other similar or extraordinary payments then
due and unpaid to swap agreement counterparties under junior subordinate swap
agreements, ratably, according to the amounts due on such date, to the junior
subordinate swap agreement counterparties entitled thereto.
If the principal of all
outstanding notes has been declared due and payable and then been rescinded and
annulled, then, the money held by the indenture trustee under the indenture will
be applied in accordance with the provisions above for payments following an
event of default but prior to acceleration of all outstanding notes.
The indenture trustee
Prior to the occurrence of
an event of default which has not been cured, the indenture trustee is required
to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in the
indenture. Upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, the
indenture trustee is required to exercise the rights and powers vested in it by
indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in his own affairs.
Before taking any action
under the indenture, the indenture trustee may require that satisfactory
indemnity be furnished to it for the reimbursement of all expenses to which it
may be put and to protect it against all liability by reason of any action so
taken, except liability which is adjudicated to have resulted from its
negligence or willful misconduct.
The indenture trustee may
at any time resign upon 60 days' notice to the trust and to the
beneficiaries, such resignation to take effect upon the appointment of a
successor trustee. The indenture trustee may be removed at any time by the
trust, and the trust agrees to remove the indenture trustee at the request of
the holders of a majority in principal amount of notes outstanding except during
the existence of an event of default. No such removal will be effective until
the appointment of a successor indenture trustee.
Supplemental indentures
Supplemental
indentures not requiring consent of noteholders and other
beneficiaries.
The trust can agree with the indenture trustee to
enter into any indentures supplemental to the indenture for any of the following
purposes without notice to or the consent of noteholders or any other
beneficiary:
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to cure any ambiguity or formal defect or omission in the
indenture or any supplemental indenture;
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to grant to the indenture trustee for the benefit of the beneficiaries any
additional benefits, rights, remedies, powers, authority or security;
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to describe or identify more precisely any part of the trust estate or subject
additional revenues, properties or collateral to the lien and pledge of the
indenture;
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to evidence the appointment of a separate trustee or a co-trustee or the
succession of a new indenture trustee under the indenture;
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to authorize the issuance of a series of notes, subject to the requirements of the indenture;
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to modify, eliminate from or add to the indenture as shall be necessary to
effect the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939
or any similar federal statue, excluding, however, the provisions referred to in
Section 316(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;
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to modify the indenture as required by any credit facility provider or
counterparty, or otherwise necessary to give effect to any credit enhancement
facility, swap agreement or counterparty guaranty at the time of issuance of a
series of notes to which such agreement relates; provided that the each rating
agency has confirmed that such modifications would not result in any withdrawal
or downgrade of any then current rating on any outstanding notes; and provided
further that no such modifications will be effective if the consent of any
noteholders would be required therefore under the proviso described under
"Supplemental indentures requiring consent of noteholders and other
beneficiaries" below and such consent has not been obtained or if the
indenture trustee determines that the modifications are to the prejudice of any
other beneficiary;
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to create additional funds, accounts or sub-accounts under the indenture;
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to provide for an additional series of indenture obligations which is
subordinate to each outstanding series of indenture obligations, except to the
extent specifically authorized or permitted by the supplemental indenture
authorizing the issuance of those outstanding indenture obligations or to the
extent consented to by each beneficiary who would be adversely affected thereby;
provided that each rating agency has confirmed that such additional series of
indenture obligations would not result in a withdrawal or downgrade of any then
current ratings on any outstanding notes; or
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to make any other change in the indenture, if the indenture trustee shall have
received written confirmation from each rating agency that such change will not
result in the reduction or withdrawal of any ratings then applicable to any
outstanding notes.
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Supplemental
indentures requiring consent of noteholders and other
beneficiaries.
The trust and the indenture trustee also may enter
into indentures supplemental to the indenture providing for any other amendment
of the indenture, other than those listed in the paragraph below, upon receipt
of an instrument evidencing the consent of:
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if they are affected by the proposed amendment, the holders of not less than
two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior notes;
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if they are affected by the proposed amendment, the holders of not less than
two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding subordinate
notes;
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if they are affected by the proposed amendment, the holders of not less than
two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding junior
subordinate notes; and
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each other party that any supplemental indenture specifies as being required to
consent to the proposed amendment.
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All affected beneficiaries
must consent to a supplemental indenture providing for any of the following:
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an extension of the maturity of the principal of or the interest on any note,
whether at stated maturity, on a mandatory sinking fund payment date or
otherwise;
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a reduction in the principal amount, redemption price or purchase price of any
note or the rate of interest on that note;
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a privilege or priority of any senior obligation over any other senior obligation;
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a privilege or priority of any subordinate obligation over any other subordinate obligation;
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a privilege of any senior notes over any subordinate notes or junior subordinate
notes not already provided for in the indenture;
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a privilege of any subordinate notes over any junior subordinate notes not
already provided for in the indenture;
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the surrender of a privilege or a priority granted by the indenture if that
surrender is, in the judgment of the indenture trustee, to the detriment of
another beneficiary under the indenture;
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a reduction or an increase in the aggregate principal amount of the notes
required for consent to that supplemental indenture;
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the creation of any lien ranking prior to or on a parity with the lien of the
indenture on all or part of the trust estate, except as expressly permitted
under the indenture;
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the exclusion of any beneficiary from the benefit of the lien created on the
rights, title, interest, privileges, revenues, funds and securities pledged
under the indenture;
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the modification of any of the provisions of the indenture described in this paragraph; or
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the modification of any provision of a supplemental indenture that provides that
it may not be modified without the consent of the holders of notes issued
pursuant to that supplemental indenture or any notes of the same level of
seniority or any beneficiary that has provided a credit enhancement facility or
swap agreement of that level of seniority.
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Rights of Indenture
Trustee.
If, in the opinion of the indenture trustee, any
supplemental indenture adversely affects the rights, duties or immunities of the
indenture trustee under the indenture or otherwise, the indenture trustee may,
in its discretion, decline to execute such supplemental indenture. The indenture
trustee is entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
opinion of its counsel that any such supplemental indenture conforms to the
requirements of the indenture.
Remarketing
Agents.
The trust may, in a supplemental indenture, appoint a
remarketing agent with respect to one or more series of notes. Each remarketing
agent will enter into an agreement under which the remarketing agent will agree
to perform one or more of the following functions:
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determining any interest rate on a series of notes, in accordance with the
applicable provisions of the related supplemental indenture;
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holding all notes of a series delivered to it in trust for the benefit of the
respective noteholders until the purchase price for such notes is delivered to
the noteholders; and
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holding all funds delivered to it for the purchase of notes in trust for the
benefit of the person that delivered such funds until the notes purchased are
delivered to such person or entity.
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Consent of Tender
Agent, Remarketing Agents, Auction Agent, Broker-Dealers and Market
Agent.
So long as any tender agent agreement, remarketing
agreement, auction agent agreement, broker-dealer agreement or market agent
agreement is in effect, no supplemental indenture which materially adversely
affects the rights, duties or immunities of the tender agent, the remarketing
agent, the auction agent, the broker-dealer or the market agent will become
effective unless and until delivery to the indenture trustee of a written
consent of the tender agent, the remarketing agent, the auction agent or the
broker-dealer, as the case may be, to that supplemental indenture.
Satisfaction of indenture
If the holders of the notes
issued under the indenture are paid all the principal of and interest due on
their notes, at the times and in the manner stipulated in the indenture, and if
each other beneficiary is paid all payments then due to it, then the pledge of
the trust estate will thereupon terminate and be discharged. The indenture
trustee will execute and deliver to the trust instruments to evidence the
discharge and satisfaction, and the indenture trustee will pay all money held by
it under the indenture to the party entitled to receive it under the indenture.
Notes will be considered to
have been paid if money for their payment or redemption has been set aside and
is being held in trust by the indenture trustee. Any outstanding note will be
considered to have been paid if the note is to be redeemed on any date prior to
its stated maturity and notice of redemption has been given as provided in the
indenture and there shall have been deposited with the indenture trustee either
money or governmental obligations the principal of and the interest on which
when due will provide money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest to
become due on the note.
Description of Credit Enhancement and Swap Agreements
Credit Enhancement
Credit enhancement may be
provided with respect to one or more series of the notes. The amounts and types
of credit enhancement and the provider of the credit enhancement, if any, will
be set forth in the related prospectus supplement. Credit enhancement may be in
the form of a letter of credit, the subordination of one or more series of
notes, the use of an insurance policy or surety bonds, the establishment of one
or more reserve funds, interest rate swaps, or any combination of the foregoing.
The presence of the Reserve
Fund and other forms of credit enhancement for the benefit of any series of
notes is intended to enhance the likelihood that noteholders of a series will
receive the full amount of principal and interest due on the notes and to
decrease the likelihood that such noteholders will experience losses. The credit
enhancement will not provide protection against all risks of loss and will not
guarantee payment to such noteholders of all amounts to which they are entitled
unless a guarantee against losses is described in the related prospectus
supplement. If losses or shortfalls occur that exceed the amount covered by the
credit enhancement or that are not covered by the credit enhancement,
noteholders will bear their allocable share of deficiencies. Moreover, if a form
of credit enhancement covers more than one series of notes, holders of notes of
one series will be subject to the risk that the credit enhancement will be
exhausted by the claims of the holders of notes of one or more other series.
Subordinate
notes.
The notes issued by the trust will be designated senior
notes, subordinate notes or junior subordinate notes in the related prospectus
supplement. To the extent specified in the related prospectus supplement, the
rights of the subordinate noteholders to receive distributions on any payment
date will be subordinated to the corresponding rights of the senior noteholders,
and the rights of the junior subordinate noteholders to receive distributions on
any payment date will be subordinated to the corresponding rights of the
subordinate noteholders and the senior noteholders. If so provided in the
related prospectus supplement, the subordination of a series may apply only in
the event of, or may be limited to, specific types of losses or shortfalls. The
related prospectus supplement will set forth information concerning the amount
of subordination provided by one or more series of notes, the circumstances
under which such subordination will be available and the manner in which the
amount of subordination will be made available.
Letter of
credit.
If so specified in the prospectus supplement with respect
to a series, deficiencies in amounts otherwise payable on the notes or certain
series of the notes will be covered by one or more letters of credit. The bank
or financial institution issuing the letter of credit will be identified in a
prospectus supplement. Under a letter of credit, the issuer will be obligated to
honor draws in an aggregate fixed dollar amount generally equal to a percentage
specified in the related prospectus supplement of the principal balance of the
student loans on a specified date or of the initial aggregate principal balance
of one or more series of notes. If so specified in the related prospectus
supplement, the letter of credit may permit draws only in the event of certain
types of losses and shortfalls. The amount available under the letter of credit
will, in all cases, be reduced to the extent of the unreimbursed payments under
the letter of credit and may otherwise be reduced as described in the related
prospectus supplement. The obligations of the issuer of the letter of credit
will expire at the earlier of the date specified in the related prospectus
supplement or the termination of the trust estate.
Note insurance and
surety bonds.
If so specified in the prospectus supplement with
respect to a series of the notes, deficiencies in amounts otherwise payable on
the notes or certain series of the notes will be covered by insurance policies
or surety bonds provided by one or more insurance companies or sureties. The
insurance policies or surety bonds may cover timely distributions of interest
and full distributions of principal on the basis of a schedule of principal
distributions set forth in or determined in the manner specified in the related
prospectus supplement.
Reserve
Fund.
In addition to the Reserve Fund described in this
prospectus, one or more reserve funds may be established with respect to a
series of the notes. Cash, eligible investments, a demand note or a combination
thereof, in the amounts so specified in the related prospectus supplement, may
be deposited in such reserve fund. The reserve fund for a series may also be
funded over time by depositing in the reserve fund a specified amount of the
distributions received on the related receivables as specified in the related
prospectus supplement.
Amounts on deposit in any
reserve fund, together with the reinvestment income on those amounts, will be
applied by the indenture trustee for the purposes, in the manner and to the
extent specified in the related prospectus supplement. A reserve fund may be
provided to increase the likelihood of timely payments of principal of and
interest on the notes, if required as a condition to the rating of the notes of
that series. If so specified in the related prospectus supplement, a reserve
fund may be established to provide limited protection, in an amount satisfactory
to each rating agency rating the notes, against certain types of losses not
covered by insurance policies or other credit support. Following each interest
payment date, amounts in a reserve fund in excess of any specified reserve fund
requirement may be released from the reserve fund under the conditions specified
in the related prospectus supplement and will not be available for further
application by the indenture trustee.
Additional information
concerning any reserve fund is to be set forth in the related prospectus
supplement, including the initial balance of the reserve fund, the reserve fund
balance to be maintained, the purposes for which funds in the reserve fund may
be applied to make distributions to noteholders and use of investment earnings
from the reserve fund, if any.
Swap agreements; swap payments
If so provided in a
prospectus supplement, a trust may enter into interest rate swap agreements
consisting of rate swaps, rate caps and rate ceilings to help minimize the risk
to noteholders of adverse changes in interest rates, and other yield supplement
agreements or similar yield maintenance arrangements. If notes are being sold in
a foreign country, a trust also may enter into currency swaps, currency forwards
and currency options to help minimize the risk to foreign noteholders of adverse
changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and one or more foreign
currencies. If a trust issues notes denominated in one currency which are backed
by assets denominated in one or more other currencies, it may enter into
currency swaps, currency forwards and currency options to help minimize the risk
to noteholders of adverse changes in the relevant exchange rates.
A swap agreement
constituting an interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to
exchange a stream of payments on an agreed upon actual or hypothetical
"notional" principal amount. No principal amount is exchanged between
the parties to an interest rate swap. Typically, one party agrees to make
payments based on a fixed interest rate and an actual or notional principal
amount, while the other party agrees to make payments based on a floating
interest rate and the same actual or notional principal amount. The floating
rate is based on one or more reference interest rates, including the London
Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, a specified bank's prime rate or U. S
Treasury Bill rates. Interest rate swaps also permit two parties to exchange a
floating rate obligation based on one reference interest rate such as
LIBOR for a floating rate obligation based on another referenced interest
rate such as U.S. Treasury Bill rates. Generally, the parties to an
interest rate swap net out their payment obligations so that on any given
payment date only one party is making a payment.
Swap agreements
constituting interest rate caps, yield supplement agreements and yield
maintenance arrangements typically involve a trust making an initial payment to
a party, which party agrees to make future payments to the trust if interest
rates exceed a specified amount or other events occur that are specified in a
prospectus supplement. The trust also may sell an interest rate cap to a party
from which the trust has simultaneously purchased an interest rate cap. The
interest rate cap sold by the trust will require the trust to make payments to
the other party if interest rates exceed a specified amount that is higher than
the amount specified in the rate cap purchased by the trust. Since the payment
obligations under the two caps would be netted, the effect of the caps is to
limit the other party's exposure to the interest rate differential between
the amounts specified in the caps. Interest rate ceilings may be entered into in
connection with an interest rate swap, and would result in one party to the swap
limiting the maximum interest rate it would be required to pay, either over the
life of the swap or for a specified period of time. In exchange for limiting its
exposure, the relevant party may be required to make an initial cash payment to
the other party.
Currency swaps are similar
to interest rate swaps, but the payments owed by the parties are referenced to
the exchange rate between designated currencies rather than interest rates. In a
currency forward contract, the trust typically would agree to deliver a
specified amount of one currency to a party on a future date in exchange for
delivery by such party of a specified amount of a second currency. In a typical
currency option, if the exchange rate between two designated currencies reaches
a specified level by a certain date, the trust will have the right, but not the
obligation, to require the other party to deliver a specified quantity of one of
the designated currencies on such date in exchange for a specified quantity of
the other designated currency. The trust would make an initial payment to the
other party for this right.
The trust's obligation
to make payments under a swap agreement may be secured by a pledge of and lien
on the trust estate. The trust will not enter into a swap agreement after the
closing date unless the indenture trustee has received a confirmation from each
rating agency providing a rating for the trust's notes that the swap
agreement will not adversely affect the rating on any of the notes.
Description of the Federal Family Education Loan Program
The Federal Family Education Loan Program
The Higher Education Act
provides for a program of direct federal insurance for student loans as well as
reinsurance of student loans guaranteed or insured by state agencies or private
non-profit corporations.
The Higher Education Act
currently authorizes certain student loans to be covered under the Federal
Family Education Loan Program. The 1998 Amendments to the Higher Education Act
extended the authorization for the Federal Family Education Loan Program through
September 30, 2004. In October 2004 Congress passed legislation extending all
provisions of the Higher Education Act through September 30, 2005. Congress has
extended similar authorization dates in prior versions of the Higher Education
Act. However, the current authorization dates may not again be extended and the
other provisions of the Higher Education Act may not be continued in their
present form.
Generally, a student is
eligible for loans made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program only if
he or she:
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has been accepted for enrollment or is enrolled in good standing at an eligible
institution of higher education;
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is carrying or planning to carry at least one-half the normal full-time workload
for the course of study the student is pursuing as determined by the
institution;
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has agreed to promptly notify the holder of the loan of any address change; and
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meets the applicable "needs" requirements.
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Eligible institutions
include higher educational institutions and vocational schools that comply with
specific federal regulations. Each loan is to be evidenced by an unsecured note.
The Higher Education Act
also establishes maximum interest rates for each of the various types of loans.
These rates vary not only among loan types, but also within loan types depending
upon when the loan was made or when the borrower first obtained a loan under the
Federal Family Education Loan Program. The Higher Education Act allows lesser
rates of interest to be charged.
Types of loans
Four
types of loans are currently available under the Federal Family Education Loan
Program:
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Subsidized Stafford Loans,
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Unsubsidized Stafford Loans,
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These loan types vary as to eligibility requirements, interest
rates, repayment periods, loan limits and eligibility for interest subsidies and
Special Allowance Payments. Some of these loan types have had other names in the
past. References to these various loan types include, where appropriate, their
predecessors.
The primary loan under the
Federal Family Education Loan Program is the Subsidized Federal Stafford Loan
(the "Subsidized Stafford Loan"). Students who are not eligible for
Subsidized Stafford Loans based on their economic circumstances may be able to
obtain Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans. Parents of students may be able to
obtain Federal PLUS Loans. Consolidation Loans are available to borrowers with
existing loans made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program and other
federal programs to consolidate repayment of the borrower's existing loans.
Prior to July 1, 1994, the Federal Family Education Loan Program also offered
Federal Supplemental Loans for Students ("Federal SLS Loans") to
graduate and professional students and independent undergraduate students and,
under certain circumstances, dependent undergraduate students, to supplement
their Subsidized Stafford Loans.
Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans
General.
Subsidized Stafford Loans are eligible for reinsurance under the Higher
Education Act if the eligible student to whom the loan is made has been accepted
or is enrolled in good standing at an eligible institution of higher education
or vocational school and is carrying at least one-half the normal full-time
workload at that institution. Subsidized Stafford Loans have limits as to the
maximum amount which may be borrowed for an academic year and in the aggregate
for both undergraduate and graduate/professional study. Both aggregate
limitations exclude loans made under the Federal SLS and Federal PLUS Programs.
The Secretary of Education has discretion to raise these limits to accommodate
students undertaking specialized training requiring exceptionally high costs of
education.
Subsidized Stafford Loans
are generally made only to student borrowers who meet the needs tests provided
in the Higher Education Act. Provisions addressing the implementation of needs
analysis and the relationship between unmet need for financing and the
availability of Subsidized Federal Stafford Loan Program funding have been the
subject of frequent and extensive amendment in recent years. Further amendment
to such provisions may materially affect the availability of Subsidized Stafford
Loan funding to borrowers or the availability of Subsidized Stafford Loans for
secondary market acquisition.
Subsidized Stafford Loans
are eligible for both interest subsidy payments and Special Allowance Payments
as described below under "Interest subsidy payments" and
"Special Allowance Payments."
Interest rates for
Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans.
For a Subsidized Stafford Loan
made prior to July 1, 1994, the applicable interest rate for a borrower who, on
the date the promissory note was signed, did not have an outstanding balance on
a previous Federal Family Education Loan Program loan:
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(1) is
7% per annum for a loan covering a period of instruction beginning before
January 1,1981;
(2) is 9% per annum
for a loan covering a period of instruction beginning on or before January 1,
1981, but before September 13, 1983;
(3) is 8% per annum
for a loan covering a period of instruction beginning on or after September 13,
1983, but before July 1, 1988;
(4) is 8% per annum
for the period from the disbursement of the loan to the date which is four years
after the loan enters repayment, for a loan made prior to October 1, 1992,
covering a period of instruction beginning on or after July 1, 1988, and
thereafter shall be adjusted annually, and for any 12-month period commencing on
a July 1 shall be equal to the bond equivalent rate of 91-day U.S. Treasury
bills auctioned at the final auction prior to the preceding June 1, plus 3.25%
per annum (but not to exceed 10% per annum); or
(5) for a loan made
on or after October 1, 1992 shall be adjusted annually, and for any 12-month
period commencing on a July 1 shall be equal to the bond equivalent rate of
91-day U.S. Treasury bills auctioned at the final auction prior to the preceding
June 1, plus 3.1% per annum (but not to exceed 9% per annum).
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For a Subsidized Stafford
Loan made prior to July 1, 1994, the applicable interest rate for a borrower
who, on the date the promissory note evidencing the loan was signed, had an
outstanding balance on a previous loan made insured or guaranteed under the
Federal Family Education Loan Program:
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(6)
for a loan made prior to July 23, 1992 is the applicable interest rate on the
previous loan or, if the previous loan is not a Subsidized Stafford Loan 8% per
annum or
(7) for a loan made
on or before July 23, 1992 shall be adjusted annually, and for any twelve month
period commencing on a July 1 shall be equal to the bond equivalent rate of
91-day U.S. Treasury bills auctioned at the final auction prior to the preceding
June 1, plus 3.1% per annum but not to exceed:
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7% per annum in the case of a Subsidized Stafford Loan made to a borrower who
has a loan described in clause (1) above;
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8% per annum in the case of
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a Subsidized Stafford Loan made to a borrower who has a loan described in clause (3) above,
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a Subsidized Stafford Loan which has not been in repayment for four years and
which was made to a borrower who has a loan described in clause (4) above,
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a Subsidized Stafford Loan for which the first disbursement was made prior to
December 20, 1993 to a borrower whose previous loans do not include a Subsidized
Stafford Loan or an Unsubsidized Stafford Loan;
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9% per annum in the case of a Subsidized Stafford Loan made to a borrower who
has a loan described in clauses (2) or (5) above or a Subsidized Stafford Loan
for which the first disbursement was made on or after December 20, 1993 to a
borrower whose previous loans do not include a Subsidized Stafford Loan or an
Unsubsidized Stafford Loan; and
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10% per annum in the case of a Subsidized Stafford Loan which has been in
repayment for four years or more and which was made to a borrower who has a loan
described in clause (4) above.
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The interest rate on all
Subsidized Stafford Loans made on or after July 1, 1994 but prior to July 1,
1998, regardless of whether the borrower is a new borrower or a repeat borrower,
is the rate described in clause (7) above, except that the interest rate shall
not exceed 8.25% per annum. For any Subsidized Stafford Loan made on or after
July 1, 1995, the interest rate is further reduced prior to the time the loan
enters repayment and during any deferment periods. During deferment periods, the
formula described in clause (7) above is applied, except that 2.5% is
substituted for 3.1%, and the rate shall not exceed 8.25% per annum.
For Subsidized Stafford
Loans made on or after July 1, 1998 but before July 1, 2006, the applicable
interest rate shall be adjusted annually, and for any twelve month period
commencing on a July 1 shall be equal to the bond equivalent rate of 91-day U.S.
Treasury bills auctioned at the final auction prior to the proceeding June 1,
plus 1.7% per annum prior to the time the loan enters repayment and during any
deferment periods, and 2.3% per annum during repayment, but not to exceed 8.25%
per annum.
For loans the first
disbursement of which is made on or after July 1, 2006, the applicable
interest rate will be 6.8%. There can be no assurance that the interest rate
provisions for these loans will not be further amended.
Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans
General.
The Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loan Program was created by Congress
in 1992 for students who do not qualify for Subsidized Stafford Loans due to
parental and/or student income and assets in excess of permitted amounts. These
students are entitled to borrow the difference between the Subsidized Stafford
Loan maximum and their Subsidized Stafford eligibility through the Unsubsidized
Stafford Loan Program. The general requirements for Unsubsidized Federal
Stafford Loans ("Unsubsidized Stafford Loans") are essentially the same as those
for Subsidized Stafford Loans. The interest rate, the annual loan limits and the
Special Allowance Payments provisions of the Unsubsidized Stafford Loans are the
same as the Subsidized Stafford Loans. However, the terms of the Unsubsidized
Stafford Loans differ materially from Subsidized Stafford Loans in that the
federal government will not make interest subsidy payments and the loan
limitations are determined without respect to the expected family contribution.
The borrower will be required to either pay interest from the time the loan is
disbursed or capitalize the interest until repayment begins. Unsubsidized
Stafford Loans were not available before October 1, 1992. A student meeting the
general eligibility requirements for a loan under the Federal Family Education
Loan Program is eligible for an Unsubsidized Stafford Loan without regard to
need. Unsubsidized Stafford Loans are eligible for Special Allowance Payments,
as described below under "--Special Allowance Payments."
Interest rates for Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans.
Unsubsidized Stafford Loans are subject to the same interest rate provisions as
Subsidized Stafford Loans.
Federal PLUS Loans
General.
PLUS Loans are made only to borrowers who are parents and, under
certain circumstances, spouses of remarried parents, of dependent undergraduate
students. For PLUS Loans made on or after July 1, 1993, the parent borrower must
not have an adverse credit history as determined pursuant to criteria
established by the Department of Education. The basic provisions applicable to
PLUS Loans are similar to those of Subsidized Stafford Loans with respect to the
involvement of guarantee agencies and the Secretary of Education in providing
federal reinsurance on the loans. However, PLUS Loans differ significantly from
Subsidized Stafford Loans, particularly because federal interest subsidy
payments are not available under the PLUS Loan program and Special Allowance
Payments are more restricted.
Interest rates for Federal
PLUS Loans.
The applicable interest rate depends upon the date of
issuance of the loan and the period of enrollment for which the loan is to
apply. The applicable interest rate on a PLUS Loan:
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made on or after January 1, 1981, but before October 1, 1981, is 9% per annum;
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made on or after October 1, 1981, but before November 1, 1982, is 14% per annum;
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made on or after November 1, 1982, but before July 1, 1987, is 12% per annum;
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made on or after July 1, 1987, but before October 1, 1992 shall be adjusted
annually, and for any 12-month period beginning on July 1 shall be equal to the
bond equivalent rate of 52-week U.S. Treasury bills auctioned at the final
auction prior to the preceding June 1, plus 3.25% per annum (but not to exceed
12% per annum);
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made on or after October 1, 1992, but before July 1, 1994, shall be adjusted
annually, and for any 12-month period beginning on July 1 shall be equal to the
bond equivalent rate of 52-week U.S. Treasury bills auctioned at the final
auction prior to the preceding June 1, plus 3.1% per annum (but not to exceed
10% per annum).
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made on or after July 1, 1994, but before July 1, 1998, is the same as that for
a loan made on or after October 1, 1992, but before July 1, 1994, except that
such rate shall not exceed 9% per annum; or
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made on or after July 1, 1998, but before July 1, 2006, shall be adjusted
annually, and for any 12-month period beginning on July 1 shall be equal to the
bond equivalent rate of 91-day U.S. Treasury bills auctioned at the final
auction prior to the preceding June 1, plus 3.1% per annum (but not to exceed 9%
per annum).
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the first disbursement of which is made on or after July 1, 2006, will be 7.9%.
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For any 12-month period
beginning on July 1, 2001 or any succeeding year, the weekly average 1-year
constant maturity Treasury yield, as published by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System, for the last calendar week before such June 26,
will be substituted for the 52-week Treasury bill as the index for interest rate
calculations.
Federal SLS Loans
General.
SLS Loans were limited to graduate or professional students,
independent undergraduate students, and dependent undergraduate students, if the
students' parents were unable to obtain a PLUS Loan and were also unable to
provide the students' expected family contribution. Except for dependent
undergraduate students, eligibility for SLS Loans was determined without regard
to need. SLS Loans are similar to Subsidized Stafford Loans with respect to the
involvement of guarantee agencies and the Secretary of Education in providing
federal reinsurance on the loans. However, SLS Loans differ significantly from
Subsidized Stafford Loans, particularly because federal interest subsidy
payments are not available under the SLS Loan program and Special Allowance
Payments are more restricted.
Interest rates for
Federal SLS Loans.
The applicable interest rates on SLS Loans
made prior to October 1, 1992 are identical to the applicable interest rates on
PLUS Loans made at the same time. For SLS Loans made on or after October 1,
1992, the applicable interest rate is the same as the applicable interest rate
on PLUS Loans, except that the ceiling is 11% per annum instead of 10% per
annum.
Federal Consolidation Loans
General.
The Higher Education Act authorizes a program under which certain
borrowers may consolidate their various student loans into a single loan insured
and reinsured on a basis similar to Subsidized Stafford Loans. Federal
Consolidation Loans may be obtained in an amount sufficient to pay outstanding
principal, unpaid interest and late charges on federally insured or reinsured
student loans incurred under the Federal Family Education Loan Program,
excluding Federal PLUS Loans made to "parent borrowers", selected by the
borrower, as well as loans made pursuant to the Perkins (formally "National
Direct Student Loan") and Health Professional Student Loan Programs. To be
eligible for a Consolidation Loan, a borrower must:
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have outstanding indebtedness on student loans made under the Federal Family
Education Loan Program and/or certain other federal student loan programs, and
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be in repayment status or in a grace period, or
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be a defaulted borrower who has made arrangements to repay any defaulted loan
satisfactory to the holder of the defaulted loan.
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If requested by the
borrower, an eligible lender may consolidate SLS or PLUS Loans of the same
borrower held by the lender under a single repayment schedule. The repayment
period for each included loan shall be based on the commencement of repayment of
the most recent loan. The consolidated loan shall bear interest at a rate equal
to the weighted average of the rates of the included loans. Such a consolidation
shall not be treated as the making of a new loan. In addition, at the request of
the borrower, a lender may refinance an existing fixed rate SLS or PLUS Loan,
including an SLS or PLUS Loan held by a different lender who has refused to
refinance the loan, at a variable interest rate. In this case, proceeds of the
new loan are used to discharge the original loan.
A married couple who agree
to be jointly liable on a Consolidation Loan, for which the application is
received on or after January 1, 1993, may be treated as an individual for
purposes of obtaining a Consolidation Loan. For Consolidation Loans disbursed
prior to July 1, 1994 the borrower was required to have outstanding student loan
indebtedness of at least $7,500. Prior to the adoption of the Higher Education
Technical Amendments Act of 1993, PLUS Loans could not be included in the
Consolidation Loan. For Consolidation Loans for which the applications were
received prior to January 1, 1993, the minimum student loan indebtedness
was $5,000 and the borrower could not be delinquent more than 90 days in the
payment of such indebtedness. For applications received on or after January 1,
1993, borrowers may add additional loans to a Federal Consolidation Loan during
the 180-day period following the origination of the Federal Consolidation Loan.
Interest rates for
Federal Consolidation Loans.
A Consolidation Loan made prior to
July 1, 1994 bears interest at a rate equal to the weighted average of the
interest rates on the loans retired, rounded to the nearest whole percent, but
not less than 9% per annum. Except as described in the next sentence, a
Consolidation Loan made on or after July 1, 1994 bears interest at a rate equal
to the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans retired, rounded
upward to the nearest whole percent, but with no minimum rate. For a
Consolidation Loan for which the application is received by an eligible lender
on or after November 13, 1997 and before October 1, 1998, the interest rate
shall be adjusted annually, and for any twelve-month period commencing on a July
1 shall be equal to the bond equivalent rate of 91-day U.S. Treasury bills
auctioned at the final auction prior to the preceding June 1, plus 3.1% per
annum, but not to exceed 8.25% per annum. Notwithstanding these general interest
rates, the portion, if any, of a Consolidation Loan that repaid a loan made
under title VII, Sections 700-721 of the Public Health Services Act, as amended,
has a different variable interest rate. Such portion is adjusted on July 1 of
each year, but is the sum of the average of the T-Bill Rates auctioned for the
quarter ending on the preceding June 30, plus 3.0%, without any cap on the
interest rate. Consolidation Loans made on or after October 1, 1998 and
before July 1, 2006 will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the
lesser of 8.25% or the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans being
consolidated, rounded to the nearest higher 1/8
th
of 1%.
Consolidation Loans for which the application is received on or after
July 1, 2006, will bear interest also at a rate per annum equal to the
lesser of 8.25% or the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans being
consolidated, rounded to the nearest higher 1/8
th
of 1%. For a
discussion of required payments that reduce the return on Consolidation Loans,
see "Fees Rebate Fees on Consolidation Loans" in this
prospectus.
Maximum loan amounts
Each type of loan is
subject to limits on the maximum principal amount, both with respect to a given
year and in the aggregate. Consolidation Loans are limited only by the amount of
eligible loans to be consolidated. All of the loans are limited to the
difference between the cost of attendance and the other aid available to the
student. Subsidized Stafford Loans are also subject to limits based upon needs
analysis. Additional limits are described below.
Loan limits for
Stafford and Unsubsidized Stafford Loans.
Subsidized Stafford and
Unsubsidized Stafford Loans ("Stafford Loans") are generally treated
as one loan type for loan limit purposes. A student who has not successfully
completed the first year of a program of undergraduate education may borrow up
to $2,625 in an academic year. A student who has successfully completed the
first year, but who has not successfully completed the second year may borrow up
to $3,500 per academic year. An undergraduate student who has successfully
completed the first and second year, but who has not successfully completed the
remainder of a program of undergraduate education, may borrow up to $5,500 per
academic year. For students enrolled in programs of less than an academic year
in length, the limits are generally reduced in proportion to the amount by which
the programs are less than one year in length. A graduate or professional
student may borrow up to $8,500 in an academic year. The maximum aggregate
amount of Stafford and Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, including that portion of a
Consolidation Loan used to repay such loans, which an undergraduate student may
have outstanding is $23,000. The maximum aggregate amount for a graduate and
professional student, including loans for undergraduate education, is $65,500.
The Secretary of Education is authorized to increase the limits applicable to
graduate and professional students who are pursuing programs which the Secretary
of Education determines to be exceptionally expensive.
Prior to the enactment of
the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, an undergraduate student who had not
successfully completed the first and second year of a program of undergraduate
education could borrow Stafford Loans in amounts up to $2,625 in an academic
year. An undergraduate student who had successfully completed the first and
second year, but who had not successfully completed the remainder of a program
of undergraduate education could borrow up to $4,000 per academic year. The
maximum for graduate and professional students was $7,500 per academic year. The
maximum aggregate amount of Stafford Loans which a borrower could have
outstanding, including that portion of a Consolidation Loan used to repay such
loans, was $17,250. The maximum aggregate amount for a graduate or professional
student, including loans for undergraduate education, was $54,750. Prior to the
1986 changes, the annual limits were generally lower.
Loan limits for PLUS
Loans.
For PLUS Loans made on or after July 1, 1993, the amounts
of PLUS Loans are limited only by the student's unmet need. Prior to that
time PLUS Loans were subject to limits similar to those of SLS Loans applied
with respect to each student on behalf of whom the parent borrowed.
Loan limits for SLS
Loans.
A student who had not successfully completed the first and
second year of a program of undergraduate education could borrow an SLS Loan in
an amount of up to $4,000. A student who had successfully completed the first
and second year, but who had not successfully completed the remainder of a
program of undergraduate education could borrow up to $5,000 per year. Graduate
and professional students could borrow up to $10,000 per year. SLS Loans were
subject to an aggregate maximum of $23,000 ($73,000 for graduate and
professional students). Prior to the 1992 changes, SLS Loans were available in
amounts of $4,000 per academic year, up to a $20,000 aggregate maximum. Prior to
the 1986 changes, a graduate or professional student could borrow $3,000 of SLS
Loans per academic year, up to a $15,000 maximum, and an independent
undergraduate student could borrow $2,500 of SLS Loans per academic year minus
the amount of all other Federal Family Education Loan Program loans to such
student for such academic year, up to the maximum amount of all Federal Family
Education Loan Program loans to that student of $12,500. In 1989, the amount of
SLS Loans for students enrolled in programs of less than an academic year in
length were limited in a manner similar to the limits described above under
"Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans".
Disbursement requirements
The Higher Education Act now
requires that virtually all Stafford Loans and PLUS Loans be disbursed by
eligible lenders in at least two separate installments. The proceeds of a loan
made to any undergraduate first-year student borrowing for the first time under
the program must be delivered to the student no earlier than thirty days after
the enrollment period begins.
Repayment
Repayment
periods.
Loans made under the Federal Family Education Loan
Program, other than Consolidation Loans, must provide for repayment of principal
in periodic installments over a period of not less than five nor more than ten
years. After the 1998 Amendments, lenders are required to offer extended
repayment schedules to new borrowers who accumulate outstanding loans of more
than $30,000, in which case the repayment period may extend up to 25 years
subject to certain minimum repayment amounts. A Consolidation Loan must be
repaid during a period agreed to by the borrower and lender, subject to maximum
repayment periods which vary depending upon the principal amount of the
borrower's outstanding student loans, but may not be longer than 30 years.
For Consolidation Loans for which the application was received prior to January
1, 1993, the repayment period could not exceed 25 years. Repayment of principal
on a Stafford Loan does not commence while a student remains a qualified
student, but generally begins upon expiration of the applicable grace period.
Grace periods may be waived by borrowers. For Stafford Loans for which the
applicable rate of interest is 7% per annum, the repayment period commences not
more than twelve months after the borrower ceases to pursue at least a half-time
course of study. For other Subsidized Stafford Loans and Unsubsidized Stafford
Loans, the repayment period commences not more than six months after the
borrower ceases to pursue at least a half-time course of study. The six month or
twelve month periods are the "grace periods".
In the case of SLS, PLUS
and Consolidated Loans, the repayment period commences on the date of final
disbursement of the loan, except that the borrower of an SLS Loan who also has a
Stafford Loan may defer repayment of the SLS Loan to coincide with the
commencement of repayment of the Subsidized Stafford or Unsubsidized Stafford
Loan. During periods in which repayment of principal is required, payments of
principal and interest must in general be made at a rate of not less than the
greater of $600 per year or the interest that accrues during the year, except
that a borrower and lender may agree to a lesser rate at any time before or
during the repayment period. A borrower may agree, with concurrence of the
lender, to repay the loan in less than five years with the right subsequently to
extend his minimum repayment period to five years. Borrowers may accelerate,
without penalty, the repayment of all or any part of the loan.
Income sensitive
repayment schedules.
Since 1992, lenders of Consolidation Loans
have been required to establish graduated or income-sensitive repayment
schedules and lenders of Stafford and SLS Loans have been required to offer
borrowers the option of repaying in accordance with graduated or
income-sensitive repayment schedules. The trust may implement graduated
repayment schedules and income-sensitive repayment schedules. Use of
income-sensitive repayment schedules may extend the ten-year maximum term for up
to five years. In addition, if the repayment schedule on a loan that has been
converted to a variable interest rate does not provide for adjustments to the
amount of the monthly installment payments, the ten-year maximum term may be
extended for up to three years.
Deferment
periods.
No principal repayments need be made during certain
periods of deferment prescribed by the Higher Education Act. For loans to a
borrower who first obtained a loan which was disbursed before July 1, 1993,
deferments are available:
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during a period not exceeding three years while the borrower is a member of the
Armed Forces, an officer in the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service
or, with respect to a borrower who first obtained a student loan disbursed on or
after July 1, 1987, or a student loan to cover the cost of instruction for a
period of enrollment beginning on or after July 1, 1987, an active duty member
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Corps;
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during a period not in excess of three years while the borrower is a volunteer
under the Peace Corps Act;
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during a period not in excess of three years while the borrower is a full-time
volunteer under the Domestic Volunteer Act of 1973;
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during a period not exceeding three years while the borrower is in service,
comparable to the service described above as a full-time volunteer for an
organization which is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code;
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during a period not exceeding two years while the borrower is serving an
internship necessary to receive professional recognition required to begin
professional practice or service, or a qualified internship or residency
program;
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during a period not exceeding three years while the borrower is temporarily
totally disabled, as established by sworn affidavit of a qualified physician, or
while the borrower is unable to secure employment by reason of the care required
by a dependent who is so disabled;
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during a period not to exceed twenty-four months while the borrower is seeking
and unable to find full-time employment;
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during any period that the borrower is pursuing a full-time course of study at
an eligible institution (or, with respect to a borrower who first obtained a
student loan disbursed on or after July 1, 1987, or a student loan to cover the
cost of instruction for a period of enrollment beginning on or after July 1,
1987, is pursuing at least a half-time course of study for which the borrower
has obtained a loan under the Federal Family Education Loan Program), or is
pursuing a course of study pursuant to a graduate fellowship program or a
rehabilitation training program for disabled individuals approved by the
Secretary of Education;
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during a period, not in excess of 6 months, while the borrower is on parental leave; and
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only with respect to a borrower who first obtained a student loan disbursed on
or after July 1, 1987, or a student loan to cover the cost of instruction for a
period of enrollment beginning on or after July 1, 1987, during a period not in
excess of three years while the borrower is a full-time teacher in a public or
nonprofit private elementary or secondary school in a "teacher shortage
area" (as prescribed by the Secretary of Education), and during a period
not in excess of 12 months for mothers, with preschool age children, who are
entering or re-entering the work force and who are compensated at a rate not
exceeding $1 per hour in excess of the federal minimum wage.
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For
loans to a borrower who first obtains a loan on or after July 1, 1993,
deferments are available:
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during any period that the borrower is pursuing at least a half-time course of
study at an eligible institution or a course of study pursuant to a graduate
fellowship program or rehabilitation training program approved by the Secretary
of Education;
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during a period not exceeding three years while the borrower is seeking and
unable to find full-time employment; and
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during a period not in excess of three years for any reason which the lender
determines, in accordance with regulations under the Higher Education Act, has
caused or will cause the borrower economic hardship. Economic hardship includes
working full time and earning an amount not in excess of the greater of the
minimum wage or the poverty line for a family of two. Additional categories of
economic hardship are based on the relationship between a borrower's
educational debt burden and his or her income.
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Prior to the 1992 changes,
only certain of the deferment periods described above were available to PLUS
Loan borrowers, and only certain deferment periods were available to
Consolidation Loan borrowers. Prior to the 1986 changes, PLUS Loan borrowers
were not entitled to certain deferment periods. Deferment periods extend the
ten-year maximum term.
Forbearance
period.
The Higher Education Act also provides for periods of
forbearance during which the borrower, in case of temporary financial hardship,
may defer any payments. A borrower is entitled to forbearance for a period not
to exceed three years while the borrower's debt burden under Title IV of
the Higher Education Act (which includes the Federal Family Education Loan
Program) equals or exceeds 20% of the borrower's gross income, and also is
entitled to forbearance while he or she is serving in a qualifying medical or
dental internship program or in a "national service position" under
the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993. In addition, mandatory
administrative forbearances are provided in exceptional circumstances such as a
local or national emergency or military mobilization, or when the geographical
area in which the borrower or endorser resides has been designated a disaster
area by the President of the United States or Mexico, the Prime Minister of
Canada, or by the governor of a state. In other circumstances, forbearance is at
the lender's option. Forbearance also extends the ten year maximum term.
Interest payments
during grace, deferment and forbearance periods.
The Secretary of
Education makes interest payments on behalf of the borrower of certain eligible
loans while the borrower is in school and during grace and deferment periods.
Interest that accrues during forbearance periods and, if the loan is not
eligible for interest subsidy payments, while the borrower is in school and
during the grace and deferment periods, may be paid monthly or quarterly or
capitalized not more frequently than quarterly.
Fees
Guarantee
fee.
A guarantee agency is authorized to charge a premium, or
guarantee fee, of up to 1% of the principal amount of the loan, which must be
deducted proportionately from each installment payment of the proceeds of the
loan to the borrower.
Origination
fee.
An eligible lender is authorized to charge the borrower of a
Subsidized Stafford Loan and an Unsubsidized Stafford Loan an origination fee in
an amount not to exceed 3% of the principal amount of the loan, and is required
to charge the borrower of a PLUS Loan an origination fee in the amount of 3% of
the principal amount of the loan. These fees must be deducted proportionately
from each installment payment of the loan proceeds prior to payment to the
borrower. These fees are not retained by the lender, but must be passed on to
the Secretary of Education.
Lender origination
fee.
The lender of any loan under the Federal Family Education
Loan Program made on or after October 1, 1993 is required to pay to the
Secretary of Education a fee equal to 0.5% of the principal amount of such loan.
Rebate fee on
Consolidation Loans.
The holder of any Consolidation Loan made on
or after October 1, 1993 is required to pay to the Secretary of Education a
monthly fee equal to .0875% (1.05% per annum) of the principal amount of, and
accrued interest on the Consolidation Loan. For loans made pursuant to
applications received on or after October 1, 1998, and on or before January 31,
1999 the fee on consolidation loans of 1.05% is reduced to .62%.
Interest subsidy payments
Interest subsidy payments
are interest payments paid with respect to an eligible loan before the time that
the loan enters repayment and during grace and deferment periods. The Secretary
of Education and the guarantee agencies enter into interest subsidy agreements
whereby the Secretary of Education agrees to pay interest subsidy payments to
the holders of eligible guaranteed loans for the benefit of students meeting
certain requirements, subject to the holders' compliance with all
requirements of the Higher Education Act. Only Subsidized Stafford Loans and
Consolidation Loans for which the application was received on or after January
1, 1993, are eligible for interest subsidy payments. Consolidation Loans made
after August 10, 1993 are eligible for interest subsidy payments only if all
loans consolidated thereby are Subsidized Stafford Loans, except that
Consolidation Loans for which the application is received by an eligible lender
on or after November 13, 1997 and before October 1, 1998, are eligible for
interest subsidy payments on that portion of the Consolidation Loan that repays
Subsidized Stafford Loans or similar subsidized loans made under the direct loan
program. In addition, to be eligible for interest subsidy payments, guaranteed
loans must be made by an eligible lender under the applicable guarantee
agency's guarantee program, and must meet requirements prescribed by the
rules and regulations promulgated under the Higher Education Act.
The Secretary of Education
makes interest subsidy payments quarterly on behalf of the borrower to the
holder of a guaranteed loan in a total amount equal to the interest which
accrues on the unpaid principal amount prior to the commencement of the
repayment period of the loan or during any deferment period. A borrower may
elect to forego interest subsidy payments, in which case the borrower is
required to make interest payments.
Special Allowance Payments
The Higher Education Act
provides for Special Allowance Payments to be made by the Secretary of Education
to eligible lenders. The rates for Special Allowance Payments are based on
formulas that differ according to the type of loan, the date the loan was
originally made or insured and the type of funds used to finance the loan
(taxable or tax-exempt).
Special Allowance Payments
are generally payable, with respect to variable rate loans to which a maximum
borrower interest rate applies, only when the maximum borrower interest rate is
in effect. The Secretary of Education offsets Interest Subsidy Payments and
Special Allowance Payments by the amount of origination fees and lender
origination fees described above under "Fees," whether or not
the lender collects these amounts.
Federal Subsidized
and Unsubsidized Stafford Loans.
The effective formulas for
Special Allowance Payments rates for Subsidized Stafford and Unsubsidized
Stafford Loans are summarized in the following chart. The T-Bill Rate mentioned
in the chart refers to the average of the bond equivalent yield of the 91-day
Treasury bills auctioned during the preceding quarter.
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Date of Loans
|
Annualized SAP Rate
|
|
On or after October 1, 1981
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 3.5%
|
|
On or after November 16, 1986
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 3.25%
|
|
On or after October 1, 1992
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 3.1%
|
|
On or after July 1, 1995
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 3.1%(1)
|
|
On or after July 1, 1998
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 2.8%(2)
|
|
On or after January 1, 2000 and before July 1, 2003
|
3 Month Commercial Paper Rate less Applicable Interest Rate + 2.34%(3)
|
|
(1)
|
Substitute 2.5% in this formula while such loans are in the in-school or grace period.
|
|
(2)
|
Substitute 2.2% in this formula while such loans are in the in-school or grace period.
|
|
(3)
|
Substitute 1.74% in this formula while such loans are in the in-school or grace period.
|
The effective formulas for
Special Allowance Payments rates for Subsidized Stafford Loans and Unsubsidized
Stafford Loans differ depending on whether loans to borrowers were acquired or
originated with the proceeds of tax-exempt obligations. There are minimum
Special Allowance Payments rates for Subsidized Stafford Loans and Unsubsidized
Stafford Loans acquired with proceeds of tax-exempt obligations, which rates
effectively ensure an overall minimum return of 9.5% on such loans. However,
loans acquired with the proceeds of tax-exempt obligations originally issued
after September 30, 1993 are not assured of a minimum Special Allowance
Payments.
PLUS and
Consolidation Loans.
The formula for special allowance payments
rates for PLUS and Consolidation Loans are as follows:
|
Date of Loans
|
Annualized SAP Rate
|
|
On or after October 1, 1992
|
T-Bill Rate less Applicable Interest Rate +3.1%
|
|
On or after January 1, 2000
|
3 Month Commercial Paper Rate less Applicable Interest Rate +2.64%
|
The Higher Education Act
provides that if Special Allowance Payments or interest subsidy payments have
not been made within 30 days after the Secretary of Education receives an
accurate, timely and complete request therefor, the special allowance payable to
such holder shall be increased by an amount equal to the daily interest accruing
on the special allowance and interest subsidy payments due the holder.
Special Allowance Payments
and interest subsidy payments are reduced by the amount which the lender is
authorized or required to charge as an origination fee. In addition, the amount
of the lender origination fee is collected by offset to Special Allowance
Payments and interest subsidy payments.