BANK OF CHILE - 20-F - 20050624 - OPERATING_AND_FINANCIAL_REVIEW
Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
OPERATING RESULTS
Introduction
The following discussion should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the section entitled Item 4. Information on
the CompanySelected Statistical Information. Certain amounts (including percentage amounts) that appear in this annual report may not total due to rounding.
We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP (including the rules of the Chilean
Superintendency of Banks relating thereto), which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements provides a description of the material differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP
as they relate to us. It also includes a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 and shareholders equity at December 31, 2003 and 2004.
Pursuant to Chilean GAAP, the financial data presented in this section for
all full-year periods are restated in constant pesos of December 31, 2004. See Presentation of Financial Information and note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Overview
We are a leading bank in Chile providing a broad range of financial products and services to individual and corporate
customers that are primarily located in Chile. Accordingly, and as described below, our financial condition and results of operations are largely dependent upon economic and political factors affecting Chile, as well as changes in interest rates and
inflation rates. We also face a number of other risks, such as increased competition and changes in market conditions that could impact our ability to achieve our goals. See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical
Information for a description of risk characteristics associated with each type of loan in our loan portfolio and Item 3. Risk Factors for a more detailed description of the specific risks which we believe to be material to our
business operations.
Despite growth in the 1980s and 1990s,
Chiles economy has remained smaller than the economies of neighboring countries such as Argentina and Brazil. Although Chiles economy has continued to grow in recent years, the Chilean economys growth slowed in each of the years
between 2000 and 2003.
Unemployment has also remained high, averaging 9.2% in 2001, 9.0% in 2002 and 8.5% in 2003. During 2004, GDP grew 6.1%, but unemployment remained high, averaging 8.8% for the year.
Future developments in the Chilean economy may impair our ability to proceed
with our strategic plan or our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our financial condition and results of operations could also be adversely affected by changes in economic or other policies of the Chilean government, which has
exercised and continues to exercise a substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, or other political or economic developments in Chile, as well as regulatory changes or administrative practices of Chilean authorities, over which
we have no control. See Item 3. Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Relating to ChileOur growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile and Item 3. Key InformationRisk
FactorsRisks Relating to ChileInflation could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and financial condition and results of operations.
Historically, Chile has experienced high levels of inflation which have significantly affected our financial condition and
results of operations. Inflation has remained relatively stable in recent years; however, the inflation rate was 2.4% in 2004, 1.1% in 2003 and 2.8% in 2002. Our results of operations reflect the effect of inflation in the following ways:
a substantial portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in UFs, a unit of account, the value of which in pesos is indexed daily to reflect inflation recorded in the
previous month, with the net gain or loss resulting from such indexation reflected in income;
our non-monetary assets, liabilities and shareholders equity are restated monthly to adjust for inflation, with the net gain or loss resulting from the adjustment reflected in
income; and
the rates of interest earned and paid on peso-denominated assets and liabilities to some degree reflect inflation and expectations regarding inflation.
UF-denominated Assets and Liabilities
. The UF is revalued in monthly
cycles. On every day in the period beginning the tenth day of the current month through the ninth day of the next month, the nominal peso value of the UF is indexed up (or down in the event of deflation) in order to reflect each day a pro rata
amount of the prior calendar months change in the Consumer Price Index. One UF was equal to Ch$16,744.12 at December 31, 2002, Ch$16,920.00 at December 31, 2003 and Ch$17,317.05 at December 31, 2004. The effect of any changes in the nominal
peso value of our UF-denominated assets and liabilities is reflected in our results of operations as an increase (or decrease, in the event of deflation) in interest revenue and expense. Our net interest revenue will be positively affected by
inflation (and negatively affected by deflation) to the extent that our average UF-denominated assets exceed our average UF-denominated liabilities, while net interest revenue will be negatively affected by inflation (and positively affected by
deflation) when average UF-denominated liabilities exceed average UF-denominated assets. Our average UF-denominated assets exceeded our average UF-denominated liabilities by Ch$1,348,156 million during the year ended December 31, 2002, Ch$1,124,677
million during the year ended December 31, 2003 and Ch$1,291,520 million during the year ended December 31, 2004. See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical Information.
Peso-denominated Assets and Liabilities
. Interest rates in Chile tend
to reflect the rate of inflation during the period and expectations regarding future inflation. The sensitivity of our peso-denominated interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to the inflation rate varies. See Interest
Rates. We maintain a substantial amount of non-interest bearing peso-denominated demand deposits. The ratio of such deposits to average interest bearing peso-denominated liabilities was 57% during 2002, 66% during 2003 and 64% during 2004.
Because a large part of such deposits are not sensitive to inflation, even a slight decline in the rate of inflation may adversely affect our net interest margin on assets funded with such deposits and even a slight increase in the rate of inflation
may increase the net interest margin on such assets. See Item 4. Selected Statistical InformationInterest Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin.
Price-Level Restatements
. Chilean GAAP requires that the effect of inflation on a banks net
monetary asset position (monetary assets less monetary liabilities) be reflected in its results of operations as a gain (or loss) from price-level restatement. A banks net monetary asset position is determined by subtracting its net
nonmonetary asset position (nonmonetary assets less nonmonetary liabilities) from shareholders equity. As such, under Chilean GAAP, the gain (or loss) from price-level restatement in results of operations is determined by subtracting the
price-level restatement adjustment of net nonmonetary assets from the price-level restatement adjustment of shareholders equity. The inflation rate used for purposes of such adjustments is the change in the Consumer Price Index during the 12
months ended November 30 of the reported year. The change in the Consumer Price Index used for price-level restatement purposes was 3.0% in 2002, 1.0% in 2003 and 2.5% in 2004. See note 1(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements. The
actual change in the Consumer Price Index was 2.8% in the year ended December 31, 2002, 1.1% in the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2.4% in the year ended December 31, 2004.
Interest Rates
Interest rates earned and paid on our assets and liabilities to some degree reflect inflation and expectations regarding future inflation as well as
shifts in short-term interest rates related to the Central Banks monetary policies. The Central Bank manages short-term interest rates based on its stated objectives of achieving low inflation and stable exchange rates. Because our liabilities
generally re-price faster than our assets, changes in the rate of inflation or short-term interest rates are reflected in the rates of interest we pay on our liabilities before they are reflected in the interest rates we earn on our assets.
Accordingly, our net interest margin on assets and liabilities is usually adversely affected in the short-term by increases in inflation or short-term interest rates and benefits in the short-term from decreases in inflation or short-term interest
rates, although the existence of non-interest bearing peso-denominated demand deposits tends to mitigate both effects. See InflationPeso-denominated Assets and Liabilities. In addition, because our peso-denominated
liabilities have relatively short re-pricing periods, those liabilities generally are more responsive to changes in inflation or short-term interest rates than our UF-denominated liabilities.
The average real annual short-term interest rate based on the rate paid by
Chilean financial institutions for 90 to 360 day Chilean peso denominated deposits was 1.94% in 2002, 1.76% in 2003 and 1.07% in 2004. The average annual real long-term interest rate based on the Chilean Central Banks eight-year duration
Chilean peso denominated bonds was 4.54% in 2002, 3.96% in 2003 and 3.52% in 2004.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars, and we historically have maintained and may continue to maintain gaps between the balances of such
assets and liabilities. The gap between foreign currency-denominated assets and foreign currency-denominated liabilities was a net asset position of Ch$75,396 million at December 31, 2002, Ch$23,274 million at December 31, 2003 and Ch$36,541 at
December 31, 2004. See note 20 to our audited consolidated financial statements. This gap includes assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and assets and liabilities denominated in Chilean pesos that contain repayment terms linked
to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Because foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, as well as interest earned or paid on such assets and liabilities and gains (losses) realized upon the sale of such assets, are translated
into pesos in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements, our reported income is affected by changes in the value of the peso with respect to foreign currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar. For their part, adjustments to U.S.
dollar-indexed assets are reflected as adjustments in net interest earnings and offset results in the foreign exchange position. The exchange rate variation over capital and reserves of our foreign branches is adjusted against equity and not against
net income.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with Chilean GAAP and the specific accounting rules of the
Chilean Superintendency of Banks. The notes to our audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of the accounting policies that are significant to us, as well as a description of the significant differences between these policies and
U.S. GAAP. The notes include additional disclosures required under U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation between shareholders equity and net income to the corresponding amounts that would be reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and a discussion of
recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Both Chilean and
U.S. GAAP require management to make certain estimates and assumptions, as some of the amounts reported in the financial statements are related to matters that are inherently uncertain. The following discussion describes those areas that require the
most judgment or involve a higher degree of complexity in the application of the accounting policies that currently affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Allowances for loan losses
Chilean banks are required to maintain loan loss allowances in amounts determined in accordance with the regulations issued
by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. Under these regulations, we must classify our portfolio based on payment capability. The minimum amount of required loan loss allowances are determined based on fixed percentages of estimated loan losses
assigned to each category.
Under U.S. GAAP, allowances for
loan losses are made to account for estimated losses in outstanding loans for which there is doubt about the borrowers capacity to repay the principal.
The classification of our loan portfolio for Chilean GAAP purposes and for allowances for loan losses under U.S. GAAP is determined through statistical
modeling and estimates. Informed judgments must be made when identifying deteriorating loans, the probability of default, the expected loss, the value of collateral and current economic conditions. Even though we consider our allowances for loan
losses to be adequate, the use of different estimates and assumptions could produce different allowances for loan losses, and amendments to the allowances may be required in the future due to changes in the value of collateral, the amount of cash to
be received or other economic events.
On January 1, 2004, in
accordance with Circular No. 3,246 issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, we adopted a new methodology to determine our loan loss allowances. This new regulation did not adversely affect our financial position or results of operations. A
detailed description of this accounting policy is discussed in Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and SupervisionAllowances for Loan Losses and in notes 1 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Fair value accounting
A portion of our assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. Under
both Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP financial instruments are stated at fair value, except for those classified as held-to-maturity under U.S. GAAP, which are carried at amortized cost. Under U.S. GAAP, derivative financial instruments are
recorded at fair value and assets received in lieu of payment are recorded at fair value less their estimated cost of sale. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or, if not available, on internally developed pricing models informed by
independently obtained market information. If market information is limited or in some instances not available, management applies its professional judgment. Other factors that may also affect estimates are incorrect model assumptions, market
dislocations and unexpected correlations. Notwithstanding the level of subjectivity inherent in determining fair value, we believe our estimates of fair value are adequate. The use of different models or assumptions could lead to changes in our
reported results.
Chilean GAAP requires that financial statements be restated to reflect the full effects of loss in the purchasing power of
the Chilean peso on the financial position and results of operations of reporting entities. The method prescribes that the historical cost of all non-monetary accounts be restated for general price-level changes between the date of origin of each
item and the year-end.
Our audited consolidated financial
statements have been price-level restated in order to reflect the effects of the changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso during each year. All non-monetary assets and liabilities and all equity accounts have been restated to reflect the
changes in the Consumer Price Index from the date they were acquired or incurred to year-end. Consistent with general banking practices in Chile, no specific purchasing power adjustments of income statement amounts are made. The purchasing power
gain or loss included in net income reflects the effects of Chilean inflation on the monetary assets and liabilities held by us.
For comparative purposes, the historical December 31, 2002 and 2003 audited consolidated financial statements and their accompanying notes have been
presented in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2004. As described in note 1(s) of our audited consolidated financial statements, certain balances of previous years financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the present
year presentation.
The price-level adjusted audited
consolidated financial statements do not purport to represent appraised values, replacement cost, or any other current value of assets at which transactions would take place currently. Instead, they are intended to restate all nonmonetary
consolidated financial statement components in terms of local currency of a single purchasing power and to include in the net result for each year the gain or loss in purchasing power arising from the holding of monetary assets and liabilities
exposed to the effects of inflation. See the discussion of price-level restatement in note 1(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill
Under U.S. GAAP, we have significant intangible assets related to goodwill. We record all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions,
including goodwill and other acquired intangibles, at fair value as required by SFAS No. 141, published by FASB. These include amounts pushed down from our parent Quiñenco S.A.
Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill must be allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment. We test goodwill for impairment
annually or more frequently if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. Impairment testing is performed at the reporting-unit level, which is
generally one level below the six major business segments identified in note 28 (x) to our audited consolidated financial statements. The first part of the test is a comparison at the reporting unit level of the fair value of each reporting unit to
its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then the second part of the test is conducted to measure the amount of potential goodwill impairment. The implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill
is calculated and compared to the carrying amount of goodwill recorded in our financial records. If the carrying value of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, then we would recognize an impairment loss in the
amount of the difference, which would be recorded as a charge against net income.
The fair values of the reporting units are determined using discounted cash flow models based on each reporting units internal forecasts.
Goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2003 or 2004, nor was any goodwill written-off during the years ended December
31, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
The initial goodwill and intangibles recorded and subsequent impairment analysis requires management to
make subjective judgments concerning estimates of how the acquired asset will perform in the future using a discounted cash flow analysis. Additionally, estimated cash flows may extend beyond ten years and, by their nature, are difficult to
determine. Events and factors that may significantly affect the estimates include competitive forces, customer behavior and attrition, changes in revenue growth trends, cost structures and technology and changes in interest rates and specific
industry or market sector conditions. Impairment is recognized earlier whenever warranted. For a further discussion of accounting practices for goodwill under U.S. GAAP, see note 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Changes in Accounting Principles
On January 1, 2004, in accordance with Circular No 3,246 of the Chilean
Superintendency of Banks, the new standards for determining loan loss provisions established in Chapter 7-10 of the Superintendencys accounting rules became effective. The application of these new criteria for determining provisions did not
have a significant effect on the financial situation of our subsidiaries presented in the consolidated financial statements or us. To comply with the amended regulations, we redesignated the voluntary provisions recorded as of December 31, 2003 to
the additional provisions category in conformity with the amended regulations.
In accordance with Circular No. 3,196, issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, effective October 31, 2002, we modified our accounting treatment of financial investments in mortgage finance bonds issued by us.
This change consisted of subtracting the amount recorded for mortgage finance bonds issued by us from assets, and subtracting the respective mortgage finance bonds obligation from liabilities. Similarly, the difference between the amount deducted
from related assets and liabilities was recognized under other assets and is amortized using the straight-line method based on the term of the obligation. As of December 31, 2003 and 2004, we recorded a net amount of Ch$2,138 million and Ch$2,152
million, respectively, under Other assets.
Differences between
Chilean and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Chilean GAAP varies in certain important respects from U.S. GAAP, including some of the methods that are used to measure the amounts shown in the audited consolidated financial statements, additional disclosures required by U.S. GAAP and
the accounting treatment of the merger. Those differences, as well as other significant differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP, are described in greater detail in note 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004
The following section discusses the results of operations for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004. To the extent that it is available and is useful in analyzing our results, we have included information based on the business areas that we use for internal reporting. We also present our results on a
consolidated basis.
We use a business area-based profitability
system to manage our business. This system allows us to extract income and expense information by client and also allows us to view information by office, branch or business area. The profitability system uses the accounting balances and the
interest rates as agreed upon with the client. In order to assess the income per transaction, the system compares the interest rate agreed upon with the client with our own cost of funds. We use internal cost of funds tables for various transactions
which are updated daily. From these tables we are able to determine operating costs per transaction or per client and these costs are then allocated to our various business areas. The system has been developed in recent years, and has been subject
of continued improvement resulting in cost allocation changes.
Our business is organized into the following areas:
large corporations;
middle market companies;
international banking;
retail banking;
treasury and money market operations; and
operations through subsidiaries.
The accounting policies used for the business areas are those used for our consolidated management reports. Corporate and personal customers are assigned
to account executives who work exclusively within one business area. Some costs are allocated to the business areas and others are split between two or more business areas based on a single transaction. Thereafter, any unallocated costs are included
as other in order to arrive at the consolidated balance sheet and income statement.
The business area information is subject to general internal auditing procedures to ensure the integrity of the information used in the management
decision making purposes. The business area information presented has also been adjusted in order to tie results to the income statement, as presented in accordance with Chilean GAAP in our audited consolidated financial statements. The most
significant differences in classification are as follows:
We measure the net interest margin of loans and deposits on an individual transaction and client basis, based on the difference between the effective customer rate and our related
fund transfer price in terms of maturity, repricing and currency.
The results associated with our gap management (mismatches) have been allocated among different business areas.
Our management model used to measure the performance of our business areas considers results that are directly related to performance and not all overhead expenses of corporate and
support departments, additional allowances (previously referred to as voluntary allowances under guidelines prior to 2004), taxes and other non-operating income and expenses.
In addition to direct costs (consisting mainly of labor and administrative expenses) we allocate the majority of our indirect operating costs to each business area based on the type
and amount of the relevant transactions. These costs are mainly related to the use of technology and computer equipment. Other indirect costs are allocated using activity-based costing methodology.
We allocate theoretical rental costs to each branch we own based on market rental values so that the results of these branches are comparable to rental-property branches.
The following table sets forth net income before tax for each business area
for each of the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The line item Other includes the effect of conforming internal accounting policies to Chilean GAAP and a number of non-allocated costs, such as human resources related
expenses, additional provisions (previously referred to as voluntary provisions) and depreciation costs. For internal reporting purposes, we control and monitor these costs separately and do not include them in the determination of
business area profitability. Also included within Other are specific portions of income such as rental income.
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Large corporations
Ch$
10,546
Ch$
51,849
Ch$
38,794
391.6
%
(25.2
)%
Middle market companies
24,528
39,109
36,537
59.4
(6.6
)
International banking
(6,900
)
12,507
6,756
(46.0
)
Retail banking
25,773
37,475
49,008
45.4
30.8
Treasury and money market operations
23,869
19,620
25,091
(17.8
)
27.9
Subsidiaries
13,974
21,798
28,181
56.0
29.3
Other
(38,494
)
(34,291
)
(13,390
)
(10.9
)
(61.0
)
Net income before tax
Ch$
53,296
Ch$
148,067
Ch$
170,977
177.8
%
15.5
%
2003 and 2004
.
The 15.5% increase in net income before taxes in 2004 as compared to 2003 was primarily attributable to a 42.8% increase in net interest revenue, a 29.1% increase in fees and a 29.6% increase in recovery of loans that had previously been charged
off. These increases were mainly due to the growth of the Chilean economy, an improvement in our asset mix and the further integration of our subsidiaries businesses with our core business.
2002 and 2003
. The 177.8% increase in net income before taxes in 2003
as compared to 2002 was primarily attributable to a significant decrease in provisions for loan losses, a significant increase in fees and income from services, a decrease in operating expenses and an increase in recoveries of loans that had
previously been charged-off. These results were primarily attributable to the recovery of the Chilean economy, which positively impacted the financial conditions of our clients and the quality of our overall loan portfolio and the merger, which
resulted in costs efficiencies and higher business volumes.
Large Corporations
.
2003 and 2004
. The 25.2% decrease in the large corporations business areas net income before taxes in 2004 was primarily attributable to an 11.9% decrease in operating revenues, which was primarily
attributable to a decrease in lending spreads and losses from the sale of corporate loans. The decrease in net income before taxes was also explained by a 12.4% increase in operating expenses primarily due to marketing and technological costs and an
11.8% increase in provisions for loan losses.
2002 and
2003
. The almost five-fold increase in the large corporations business areas net income before taxes in 2003 was primarily attributable to a 73.6% decrease in provisions for loan losses. To a lesser extent, the increase in net income
before taxes was also attributable to a decrease in charge-offs on assets received in lieu of payments and an increase in fee income from financial services. These factors more than offset a small decrease in net interest revenue, which was
primarily attributable to a decrease in inflation in 2003.
Middle Market Companies
.
2003 and 2004.
The 6.6% decrease in the middle market companies business areas income before taxes in 2004 was primarily attributable to a 28.8% increase in provisions for loan losses, from
Ch$17,601 million in 2003 to Ch$22,669 million in 2004, which was primarily due to increased growth, an increase in the risk index of the loan portfolio and a 4% increase in operating expenses during 2004.
2002 and 2003.
The 59.4% increase in the middle market companies business areas net income
before taxes in 2003 was primarily attributable to a decrease in provisions for loan losses and, to a lesser extent, lower charge offs on assets received in lieu of payment.
International Banking
.
2003 and 2004
. The 46% decrease in the international banking business areas net
income before taxes in 2004 as compared to 2003 was primarily attributable to the non-recurring earnings generated in 2003 from the sale of Latin American investment securities held at our New York branch. This decrease was partially offset by lower
operating expenses during 2004.
2002 and 2003
. In 2003,
the international banking business area recorded net income before taxes of Ch$12,507 million, as compared to a net loss of Ch$6,900 million recorded in 2002. The change from a net loss to net income was primarily attributable to earnings obtained
from the sale of Latin American investment securities held at our New York branch that had been previously written-off. The change from a net loss to net income was also attributable to a decrease in operating expenses.
Retail Banking
.
2003 and 2004.
The 30.8% increase in the retail
banking business areas net income before taxes for in 2004 was primarily attributable to an 18.6% increase in operating revenues from Ch$140,725 million in 2003 to Ch$166,877 million in 2004, which was primarily attributable to a 16.2% growth
in the retail banking business areas loan portfolio and, to a lesser extent, higher fee income. These factors were partially offset by higher operating expenses.
2002 and 2003.
The 45.4% increase in the retail banking business areas net income before taxes in 2003 was
primarily attributable to lower provisions for loan losses and an increase in recoveries of loans that had previously been charged-off. Additionally, increased loan volumes and a decrease in operating expenses more than offset a reduction in spreads
on our loans and the negative effect of the decrease in the inflation rate.
Treasury and Money Market Operations
.
2003 and 2004.
The 27.9% increase in the treasury and money market operations business areas net income before taxes in 2004 was primarily attributable to
increased income from our investment portfolio, which was primarily attributable to an increase in the value of our UF-denominated assets as a result of increased inflation and a decrease in Chilean-peso denominated costs of funds resulting from a
decrease in the short term reference rate from 2.73% in 2003 to 1.87% in 2004.
2002 and 2003.
The 17.8% decrease in the treasury and money market operations business areas net income before taxes in 2003 was primarily attributable to a slight increase in long-term interest rates and
decreased interest rate volatility, which reduced our earnings from our Chilean investment portfolio as compared to 2002.
Operations through Subsidiaries
.
2003 and 2004.
The 29.3% increase in net income before taxes from our subsidiaries in 2004 was primarily
attributable to the 23.8% increase in fee income from their operations from Ch$37,428 million in 2003 to Ch$46,335 million in 2004, which resulted in a 21% increase in operating revenues. The increase in our subsidiaries fee income was also a
result of increased cross-selling of products by our subsidiaries, as well as the growth of the Chilean economy. In particular, fee income from our securities brokerage subsidiary increased 24.7% during 2004. The 80% increase in fee income from
services generated by our financial advisory services subsidiary was primarily attributable to fee income from investment banking and advisory services.
2002 and 2003.
The 56.0% increase in net income before taxes from our subsidiaries in 2003 was primarily attributable to significant growth in fee
income from our subsidiary operations. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the trading volume of stocks and U.S. dollars traded by our securities brokerage subsidiary, an increase in the average amount of funds managed by our
mutual fund management subsidiary and an increase in the net income of our factoring subsidiary, which was primarily the result of increased volume and a decrease in its provisions for loan losses.
The following table sets forth the principal components of our net income, as detailed in our audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Net interest revenue
Ch$
380,546
Ch$
230,082
Ch$
328,472
(39.5
)%
42.8
%
Provisions for loan losses
(104,192
)
(61,612
)
(73,512
)
(40.9
)
19.3
Fees and income from services, net
78,733
98,251
126,842
24.8
29.1
Other operating income (loss), net
(31,621
)
98,801
14,509
(85.3
)
Other income and expenses, net:
Loan loss recoveries
12,334
26,026
33,736
111.0
29.6
Other income and expenses, net
(15,789
)
(11,785
)
(11,301
)
(25.4
)
(4.1
)
Minority interest
(1
)
(2
)
(1
)
100.0
(50.0
)
Operating expenses
(256,780
)
(227,557
)
(240,302
)
(11.4
)
5.6
Net loss from price-level restatement
(9,934
)
(4,137
)
(7,466
)
(58.4
)
80.5
Net income before income taxes
53,296
148,067
170,977
177.8
15.5
Income taxes
1,194
(14,250
)
(18,349
)
28.8
Net income
Ch$
54,490
Ch$
133,817
Ch$
152,628
145.6
%
14.1
%
2003 and 2004
.
Our net income for 2004 was Ch$152,628 million, an increase of 14.1% from Ch$133,817 million in 2003, primarily reflecting a 42.8% increase in net interest revenue, a 29.1% increase in fee income and a 29.6% increase in loan loss recoveries. These
factors were partially offset by a decrease in other operating income, net, an increase in operating expenses and increased provisions for loan losses.
2002 and 2003
. Our net income for 2003 was Ch$133,817 million, an increase of 146% from Ch$54,490 million in 2002, which primarily reflected a
40.9% decrease in provisions for loan losses, a 24.8% increase in fee income, a change from other operating loss, net of Ch$31,621 million in 2002 to other operating income, net of Ch$98,801 million in 2003, an 11.4% decrease in operating expenses
and an increase in the recovery of loans that had previously been charged-off. These factors were partially offset by lower net interest revenue and higher income taxes.
Net Interest Revenue
The tables included under the headings Interest Revenue and Interest Expense set forth information regarding our
consolidated interest revenue and expenses and average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004. This information is derived from the tables included elsewhere in this
annual report under Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical Information and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such information.
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Interest revenue
Ch$
714,018
Ch$
439,422
Ch$
543,372
(38.5
)%
23.7
%
Interest expense
(333,472
)
(209,340
)
(214,900
)
(37.2
)
2.7
Net interest revenue
Ch$
380,546
Ch$
230,082
Ch$
328,472
(39.5
)%
42.8
%
Net interest margin(1)
4.52
%
2.75
%
3.84
%
(1)
Net interest margin is net interest revenue divided by average interest earning assets.
The following table sets forth the effect on our net interest revenue of changes in the average volume of
interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and the effect of average nominal interest rates on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities during the periods indicated:
Increase (Decrease)
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Due to changes in average volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities
Ch$
40,606
Ch$
48,800
Due to changes in average nominal interest rates of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities
(191,070
)
49,590
Net change
Ch$
(150,464
)
Ch$
98,390
2003 and 2004
.
Net interest revenue increased by 42.8% from Ch$230,082 million in 2003 to Ch$328,472 million in 2004, primarily as a result of a 2.2% increase in average interest earning assets and an increase of 109 basis points (one basis point equals one
one-hundredth of a percent) in net interest margin (net interest revenue divided by average interest earning assets), from 2.75% in 2003 to 3.84% in 2004. The increase in net interest margin was primarily the result of:
an increase in the inflation rate, which resulted in higher nominal rates on the portion of UF-denominated interest earning assets financed by nominal interest bearing liabilities
and non-interest bearing liabilities;
a favorable change in our asset mix towards higher-yielding loans, such as commercial loans, mortgage loans financed by our general borrowings, factoring loans, lease contracts and
consumer loans, and segments which reflected a slight increase in lending spreads;
an improved funding mix, reflected in the improvement of the ratio of average interest bearing liabilities to average interest earning assets from 73.0% in 2003 to 71.1% in 2004;
and
a reduced negative impact of the 6.6% appreciation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar in 2004, as compared to the 15.9% appreciation in 2003, as we maintained a net asset
position in assets and liabilities denominated in Chilean pesos, readjusted in accordance with changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate (this position is usually hedged with a net liability position in U.S. dollars and, consequently, decreased our
net interest revenue, but originated accounting gains shown in the foreign exchange transaction line item in 2004).
2002 and 2003
. Net interest revenue decreased by 39.5% from Ch$380,546 million in 2002 to Ch$230,082 million in 2003 primarily as a result of a
decrease of 177 basis points (one basis point equals one one-hundredth of a percent) in our net interest margin and, to a lesser extent, a 0.5% decrease in the average volume of interest earning assets. Our net interest margin decreased from 4.52%
in 2002 to 2.75% in 2003 primarily as a result of:
the impact of the 15.9% appreciation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar in 2003, as we maintained a higher net asset position in assets and liabilities denominated in
Chilean pesos, readjusted in accordance with changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate, thus reducing our net interest revenue. In 2003, we also maintained a net liability position in U.S. dollars which partially offset the decrease in net interest
revenue and increased the foreign exchange transaction line item;
a decrease in the inflation rate (from 2.8% in 2002 to 1.1% in 2003), which resulted in lower nominal rates on the portion of interest earning assets financed by non-interest
bearing liabilities; and
an absence of significant repricing benefits during 2003, as the Central Bank left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 2.75% between February and December 11, 2003, which
reduced our net interest margin as compared to 2002. During 2002, successive decreases in interest rates benefited the 2002 net financial margin as our interest bearing liabilities have a shorter repricing period than our interest earning assets.
The 0.5% decrease in average interest earning
assets in 2003 was primarily the result of a decrease in the amount of foreign currency denominated regulatory reserves we are required to maintain, and a decrease in average financial investments. We reduced the level of such regulatory reserves
and financial investments in response to the Central Banks reduction in May 2003 of its foreign currency denominated demand and time deposits requirements.
Interest Revenue
The following table sets forth information regarding our interest revenue and average interest earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003
and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Interest revenue(1)
Ch$
714,018
Ch$
439,422
Ch$
543,372
(38.5
)%
23.7
%
Average interest earning assets:
Commercial loans(2)
Ch$
3,122,288
Ch$
3,242,090
Ch$
3,386,304
3.8
4.4
Consumer loans
404,440
432,409
634,717
6.9
46.8
Mortgage loans(3)
1,274,401
1,186,079
1,000,958
(6.9
)
(15.6
)
Foreign trade loans
633,628
670,685
682,913
5.8
1.8
Interbank loans
102,931
85,812
45,174
(16.6
)
(47.4
)
Past due loans(4)
149,847
138,734
98,962
(7.4
)
(28.7
)
Contingent loans(5)
379,523
404,693
476,686
6.6
17.8
Leasing contracts
247,672
271,871
304,093
9.8
11.9
Total loans
Ch$
6,314,730
Ch$
6,432,373
Ch$
6,629,807
1.9
%
3.1
%
Financial investments(6)
1,884,350
1,823,648
1,834,212
(3.2
)
0.6
Interbank deposits
220,830
123,063
96,720
(44.3
)
(21.4
)
Total
Ch$
8,419,910
Ch$
8,379,084
Ch$
8,560,739
(0.5
)%
2.2
%
Average rates earned on total interest earning assets(7):
Average nominal rates
8.48
%
5.24
%
6.35
%
Average real rates
7.82
%
4.89
%
2.38
%
(1)
Interest revenue includes fees we charge in respect of contingent loans.
(2)
Excludes leasing contracts.
(3)
Includes residential and general purpose mortgage loans.
(4)
Includes interest accrued and unpaid on principal until the date on which payment becomes overdue.
(5)
Consists of unfunded letters of credit, guarantees, performance bonds and other unfunded commitments.
(6)
Financial investments includes primarily bonds issued by the Central Bank and foreign governments.
(7)
See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical InformationAverage Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on
Interest Bearing Liabilities.
The following table sets forth the effect on our interest revenue of changes in (1) the average volume of
interest earning assets and (2) the average nominal interest rates on interest earning assets, during the periods presented in the preceding table:
Increase (Decrease)
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Effect due to changes in average volume of interest earning assets
Ch$
7,103
Ch$
44,659
Effect due to changes in average nominal interest rates of interest earning assets
(281,699
)
59,291
Net change
Ch$
(274,596
)
Ch$
103,950
2003 and 2004
.
Interest revenue increased by 23.7% from Ch$439,422 million in 2003 to Ch$543,372 million in 2004, primarily as a result of an increase in average nominal rates earned and a 2.2% increase in average interest earning assets from Ch$8,379,084 million
in 2003 to Ch$8,560,739 million in 2004, primarily as a result of higher loan balances. Average nominal interest rates earned increased from 5.24% in 2003 to 6.35% in 2004, primarily as a result of an increase in the inflation rate from 1.1% in 2003
to 2.4% in 2004 and successive increases of the Chilean Central Banks nominal reference rates (from 1.75% as of February 2004 to 2.25% as of December 2004).
2002 and 2003
. Interest revenue decreased by 38.5% from Ch$714,018 million in 2002 to Ch$439,422 million in 2003
primarily as a result of a decrease in the average nominal interest rates earned from 8.48% in 2002 to 5.24% in 2003. The decrease in average nominal interest rates earned was primarily as a result of a decrease in the inflation rate (from 2.8% in
2002 to 1.1% in 2003) and in the interest rates on Chilean peso-denominated interest earning assets. Average interest earning assets decreased slightly from Ch$8,419,910 million in 2002 to Ch$8,379,084 million in 2003 as a result of a reduction in
the Central Banks foreign currency-denominated demand and time deposits requirements.
The following table sets forth information regarding our interest expense and average interest bearing liabilities for the
years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Interest expense
Ch$
333,472
Ch$
209,340
Ch$
214,900
(37.2
)%
2.7
%
Average interest bearing liabilities:
Time deposits(1)
Ch$
3,640,906
Ch$
3,413,951
Ch$
3,466,036
(6.2
)
1.5
Savings accounts
173,446
176,967
146,778
2.0
(17.1
)
Total Central Bank borrowings
62,674
69,949
90,259
11.6
29.0
Investments sold under agreements to repurchase
384,807
359,723
424,832
(6.5
)
18.1
Mortgage finance bonds
1,312,999
1,051,414
914,065
(19.9
)
(13.1
)
Other interest bearing liabilities(2)
775,279
1,040,913
1,045,957
34.3
0.5
Total
Ch$
6,350,111
Ch$
6,112,917
Ch$
6,087,927
(3.7
)%
(0.4
)%
Average rates paid on total interest bearing liabilities(3):
Average nominal rates
5.25
%
3.42
%
3.53
%
Average real rates
4.21
%
(1.89
)%
(0.67
)%
Average (Chilean peso-denominated) non-interest bearing demand deposits
Ch$
1,633,578
Ch$
1,873,627
Ch$
2,088,509
14.7
%
11.5
%
(1)
Includes interest-earning demand deposits.
(2)
Combines interest bearing demand deposits and other interest bearing liabilities.
(3)
See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical InformationAverage Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on
Interest Bearing Liabilities.
The
following table sets forth the effect on our interest expense from changes in (1) average volume of interest bearing liabilities and (2) average nominal interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities, during the periods presented:
Increase (Decrease)
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Effect due to changes in average volume of interest bearing liabilities
Ch$
(33,503
)
Ch$
(4,141
)
Effect due to changes in average nominal interest rates of interest bearing liabilities
(90,629
)
9,701
Net change
Ch$
(124,132
)
Ch$
5,560
2003 and 2004
.
Interest expense increased by 2.7% from Ch$209,340 million in 2003 to Ch$214,900 million in 2004, primarily as a result of an increase in the average nominal interest rates paid from 3.42% in 2003 to 3.53% in 2004. The increase in average nominal
interest rates was partially offset by the 0.4 % decrease in average interest bearing liabilities from Ch$6,112,917 million in 2003 to Ch$6,087,927 million in 2004, primarily as a result of an 11.5% increase in average non-interest bearing demand
deposits denominated in Chilean pesos.
2002 and 2003.
Interest expense decreased by 37.2% from Ch$333,472 million in 2002 to Ch$209,340
million in 2003. The decrease was primarily attributable to a significant decrease in average nominal interest rates paid, from 5.25% in 2002 to 3.42% in 2003, and, to a lesser extent, by the impact of a 3.7% decrease in the average volume of
interest bearing liabilities, from Ch$6,350,111 million in 2002 to Ch$6,112,917 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a decrease in mortgage finance bonds, investments sold under agreements to repurchase and time deposits. The decrease in the
average nominal interest rate paid was primarily attributable to lower inflation and lower real interest rates paid on Chilean peso-denominated liabilities.
Provisions for Loan Losses
Chilean banks are required to maintain allowances to cover possible credit losses in accordance with regulations issued by the Chilean Superintendency of
Banks. Effective as of January 1, 2004, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks modified the procedure used to calculate a financial institutions required allowances. The application of such amended regulations did not result in any material
increase in our allowance for loan losses. According to regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks applicable to such periods, the amount of provisions charged to income in any period consists of net provisions for possible loan losses. See
Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and Supervision and note 7 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
The following table sets forth information with respect to our provisions and allowances for loan losses and charge-offs for each of the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Provisions:
Total provisions for loan losses
Ch$
104,192
Ch$
61,612
Ch$
73,512
(40.9
)%
19.3
%
Charge-offs:
Total charge-offs
114,856
98,535
99,100
(14.2
)
0.6
Loan loss recoveries:
Total loan loss recoveries
12,334
26,026
33,736
111.0
29.6
Net charge-offs
102,522
72,509
65,364
(29.3
)
(9.9
)
Other asset quality data:
Total loans
Ch$
6,378,727
Ch$
6,411,793
Ch$
6,888,911
0.5
7.4
Consolidated risk index
3.00
%
2.36
%
2.23
%
Unconsolidated risk index
3.10
%
2.41
%
2.23
%
Allowances for loan losses(1)
Ch$
223,678
Ch$
183,938
Ch$
153,742
(17.8
)%
(16.4
)%
Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
3.51
%
2.87
%
2.23
%
(1)
Allowances for loan losses includes additional loan loss allowances (previously referred to as voluntary allowances under guidelines prior to 2004) greater
than those required by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and SupervisionAllowances for Loan Losses and Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and
SupervisionAdditional Allowances.
2003 and 2004
. Our overall provisions for loan losses increased by 19.3% from Ch$61,612 million in 2003 to Ch$73,512 million in 2004, primarily as a result of the 7.4% growth in the loan portfolio and the risk classification
downgrade of certain corporate clients primarily concentrated in the construction sector. Provisions for loan losses represented approximately 1.11% of average loans in 2004, a small increase from the 0.96% in 2003. On a consolidated basis, our risk
index decreased from 2.36% in 2003 to 2.23% in 2004.
2002 and 2003.
Our overall provisions for loan losses decreased by 40.9% from Ch$104,192 million in 2002 to Ch$61,612 million in 2003, which primarily reflected the establishment of significant provisions in 2003 that were not in
effect in 2002 and the growth of the Chilean economy. The decrease in our overall
provisions for loan losses were also attributable to the 15.9% appreciation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar, which resulted in a decrease in the
amount of our Chilean peso-denominated provisioning for foreign currency-denominated loans. As a result, the ratio of provisions to average loans decreased to 0.96% in 2003 from 1.65% in 2002. Our consolidated risk index, changed from 3.00% at the
end of 2002, to 2.36% as of December 31, 2003.
Fees and
Income from Services, Net
The following table sets
forth certain components of our fees and income from services (net of fees paid to third parties that provide support for those services, principally fees relating to sales force and receipts and collection services provided to us) for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Credit cards
Ch$
6,622
Ch$
8,632
Ch$
11,595
30.4
%
34.3
%
Sight accounts and ATMs
9,616
8,374
10,432
(12.9
)
24.6
Demand deposits and overdrafts
20,893
22,200
24,037
6.3
8.3
Credit lines
5,158
5,659
6,747
9.7
19.2
Mutual funds
12,248
13,600
18,616
11.0
36.9
Stock brokerage
3,716
9,533
12,083
156.5
26.7
Collection services
2,675
2,946
3,561
10.1
20.9
Receipts and payment of services
5,891
7,351
7,960
24.8
8.3
Collection of over-due loans
6,558
8,837
8,569
34.8
(3.0
)
Income and revenue from goods received in lieu of payment
1,261
2,488
3,874
97.3
55.7
Letters of credit, guarantees, collaterals and other contingent loans
4,184
4,073
5,148
(2.7
)
26.4
Insurance
6,294
9,596
14,236
52.5
48.4
Financial advisory services
1,977
5,484
4,632
177.4
(15.5
)
Foreign trade and currency exchange
2,300
3,340
3,409
45.2
2.1
Prepaid loans
1,238
2,018
3,317
63.0
64.4
Leasing
1,231
1,151
1,539
(6.5
)
33.7
Factoring
301
750
584
149.2
(22.1
)
Custody and trust services
609
934
1,399
53.4
49.8
Sales force expenses
(8,767
)
(11,135
)
(11,193
)
27.0
0.5
Teller services expenses
(2,834
)
(3,252
)
(3,388
)
14.7
4.2
Cobranding expenses
(3,149
)
(6,095
)
(3,633
)
93.6
(40.4
)
Other
711
1,767
3,318
148.5
87.8
Total
Ch$
78,733
Ch$
98,251
Ch$
126,842
24.8
%
29.1
%
2003 and 2004
.
Fees and income from services, net increased by 29.1% from Ch$98,251 million in 2003 to Ch$126,842 million in 2004, primarily as a result of an increase in fees generated from mutual funds, insurance and stock brokerage related products, credit
cards, checking accounts, overdrafts, sight accounts and ATM transactions. Fee income accounted for 27.0% of operating revenues during 2004, a decrease from 23.0% in 2003, primarily as a result of the improved quality and increased quantity of fee
generating products through alliances, promotions, product innovations and expanded distribution.
2002 and 2003
. Fees and income from services, net increased by 24.8% from Ch$78,733 million in 2002 to Ch$98,251 million in 2003. The increase in
2003 was primarily attributable to the improved performance of our stock brokerage subsidiary, an increase in financial advisory service fees, additional fee income from our insurance business and from Socofin S.A., our collection services
subsidiary, increased fee income associated with checking accounts and sight accounts (primarily as a result of an increase in the number of these accounts), a new fee structure for overdrafts and increased credit cards fees.
Other operating income (loss), net, consists of net gains and losses from
trading activities and net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions. Trading results include gains and losses realized on the sale of financial investments as well as gains and losses arising from marking financial investments to market
at period-end. Net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions include gains and losses realized upon the sale of foreign currency and foreign exchange derivatives and gains and losses arising from the period-end translation of foreign
currency-denominated assets and liabilities into pesos. Foreign exchange results do not include net adjustments on U.S. dollar-indexed domestic currency transactions, or the exchange rate variation on foreign branches capital and reserves.
Foreign exchange results do include existing interest rate differences in currency derivatives.
The following table sets forth certain components of our other operating income (loss), net, in the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Gains (losses) on trading activities, net
Ch$
1,159
Ch$
5,463
Ch$
(3,151)
371.4
%
%
Foreign exchange transactions, net
(32,780
)
93,338
17,660
(81.1
)
Net other operating income (loss)
Ch$
(31,621
)
Ch$
98,801
Ch$
14,509
%
(85.3
)%
2003 and 2004
.
In 2004, other operating income (loss), net contributed net income of Ch$14,509 million, a substantial decrease from Ch$98,801 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a significant decrease in income from foreign exchange transactions in 2004 and,
to a lesser extent, losses on trading activities in the same year.
Gains on sales of financial instruments in 2004 accounted for a loss of Ch$3,151 million as compared to a gain of Ch$5,463 million in 2003. This loss was primarily a result of losses caused by decreases in the fair value of cross-currency
swap transactions recorded during 2004 and losses associated with the sale of two loans in the manufacturing and retail sectors during 2004.
The decrease in foreign exchange transactions during 2004 as compared to 2003 was primarily attributable to a lower appreciation of the Chilean peso in
2004 of 6.6% as compared to 15.9% in 2003, which significantly reduced the income resulting from the net liability U.S. dollar-denominated position in 2004.
2002 and 2003.
We recorded other operating income of Ch$98,801 million in 2003, compared to an other operating loss of Ch$31,621 million in 2002,
primarily as a result of a significant increase in income from foreign exchange transactions and, to a lesser extent, increased gains on trading activities. The increase in foreign exchange transactions was primarily attributable to our decision to
maintain a higher net liability position in U.S. dollars at a time when the Chilean peso was appreciating against the U.S. dollar in 2003. This effect was partially offset by our net asset position in Chilean peso-denominated assets, which were
readjusted in U.S. dollars.
Total gains on trading activities
in 2003 totaled Ch$5,463 million, compared to Ch$1,159 million in 2002, primarily as a result of earnings obtained from the sale of Argentine securities.
Other income and expenses, net consists of gains arising from the recovery
of loans previously charged-off, non-operating income, non-operating expenses and income and gains arising from our affiliates accounted for by the equity method, offset by any minority interest participation in the net income of our subsidiaries.
See notes 9, 17 and 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
The following table sets forth certain components of our other income and expenses, net, in the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Loan loss recoveries previously charged-off
Ch$
11,591
Ch$
25,228
Ch$
28,359
117.7
%
12.4
%
Loan loss recoveries reacquired from the Central Bank
743
798
5,377
7.4
573.8
Subtotal
12,334
26,026
33,736
111.0
29.6
Non-operating income
6,135
5,429
4,821
(11.5
)
(11.2
)
Non-operating expenses
(20,920
)
(15,963
)
(16,558
)
(23.7
)
3.7
Subtotal
(14,785
)
(10,534
)
(11,737
)
(28.8
)
11.4
Income from investments in other companies
(1,004
)
(1,251
)
436
24.6
%
Minority interest
(1
)
(2
)
(1
)
100.0
%
(50.0
)%
Total
Ch$
(3,456)
Ch$
14,239
Ch$
22,434
57.6
%
2003 and 2004
.
Other income and expenses, net increased to income of Ch$22,434 million in 2004 from Ch$14,239 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a 29.6% increase in loan loss recoveries which resulted from improved economic conditions in Chile, increased
collection efforts and, to a lesser extent, losses in connection with equity investments related to an affiliate that offers e-commerce services to our corporate customers in 2003.
2002 and 2003.
Other income and expenses, net changed to income of Ch$14,239 million in 2003 from an expense of
Ch$3,456 million in 2002, primarily as a result of an increase in the recovery of loans that had previously been charged-off, a decrease in non-operating expenses and a decrease in provisions and charge-offs on assets received in lieu of payment.
The change was also attributable to the fact that certain non-recurring expenses (such as certain provisions and charge-offs on premises) were recorded in 2002 as a result of the merger. See note 17 to our audited consolidated financial
statements.
The following table sets forth information regarding our operating expenses in the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and
2004:
Year Ended December 31,
% Increase (Decrease)
2002
2003
2004
2002/2003
2003/2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Personnel salaries and expenses
Ch$
138,829
Ch$
128,329
Ch$
136,599
(7.6
)%
6.4
%
Administrative and other expenses:
Advertising
8,799
7,978
10,857
(9.3
)
36.1
Building maintenance
8,112
5,715
6,722
(29.5
)
17.6
Rentals and insurance
9,536
9,191
9,204
(3.6
)
0.1
Office supplies
4,783
4,359
4,554
(8.9
)
4.5
Other expenses
64,013
54,604
56,389
(14.7
)
3.3
Total administrative and other expenses
Ch$
95,243
Ch$
81,847
Ch$
87,726
(14.1
)%
7.2
%
Depreciation and amortization
22,708
17,381
15,977
(23.5
)
(8.1
)
Total
Ch$
256,780
Ch$
227,557
Ch$
240,302
(11.4
)%
5.6
%
2003 and 2004
.
Our operating expenses increased by 5.6% from Ch$227,557 million in 2003 to Ch$240,302 million in 2004, primarily as a result of increased personnel and administrative expenses. Personnel salaries and expenses increased by 6.4% during 2004,
primarily as a result of salary increases, higher performance-related incentive expenses, the addition of 225 employees and a one-time bonus payment of approximately Ch$3,890 million made in the fourth quarter of 2004 in connection with our
four-year collective bargaining agreement with our labor unions. We do not expect to be involved in any new collective bargaining agreements in the next four years.
The annual increase in administrative expenses was primarily due to advertising expenses, expenses associated with the
expansion of our ATM network and the Credichile branch network, Neos related expenses and legal expenses of the New York branch.
Depreciation and amortization expenses declined by 8.1% during 2004 reflecting lower depreciation of computer equipment, which more than offset the higher
amortization expenses related to our Neos project.
2002 and 2003
. Our operating expenses decreased by 11.4% from Ch$256,780 million in 2002 to Ch$227,557 million in 2003, primarily as a result of cost savings associated with the merger. Personnel salaries and expenses decreased 7.6%
in 2003 as a result of an employee reduction, which was partially offset by an increase in personnel salaries in 2003. The merger also resulted in a decrease in administrative costs, particularly those associated with the maintenance of fixed asset
and rental expenses. Decreased depreciation expenses during 2003 were primarily due to higher charge-offs during 2002 of discontinued software and assets in leased branches that were closed during the first half of 2002.
Loss from Price-Level Restatement
Chilean GAAP requires that adjustments be made to nonmonetary assets
(including fixed assets), liabilities and shareholders equity at the end of each reported period to reflect the effects of inflation during such period. The net effect of this inflation adjustment is reflected in our results of operations
under gain (loss) from price-level restatement. See OverviewInflation.
2003 and 2004
. The loss from price-level restatement increased from Ch$4,137 million in 2003 to
Ch$7,466 million in 2004, primarily as a result of the increase in the inflation rate used for adjustment purposes from 1.0% in 2003 to 2.5% in 2004.
2002 and 2003.
The loss from price-level restatement decreased from Ch$9,934 million in 2002 to Ch$4,137 million in 2003 primarily as a result of a
decrease in the inflation rate used for adjustment purposes from 3.0% in 2002 to 1.0% in 2003.
Income Tax
The
statutory corporate income tax rate in Chile was 16.5% in 2003 and 17% in 2004. We are also permitted under Law No. 19,396 to deduct dividend payments made to SAOS. In addition, any other payments made by SAOS or its shareholders to the Central Bank
in connection with the Central Bank indebtedness are tax deductible. Consequently, our effective tax rate is significantly lower than the statutory corporate income tax rate because of the deduction of dividend payments from our taxable income.
Additionally, but to a lesser extent, differences in the tax treatment for provisions on individual loans and for charge-offs for past due loans have an impact on our effective tax rate. Moreover, all real estate taxes paid on properties that are
leased to customers are deductible from our taxable income.
2003 and 2004
. In 2004, we recorded a tax expense of Ch$18,349 million as compared to a tax expense of Ch$14,250 million in 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to a higher income tax base in 2004 as a result of a 15.5%
increase in net income before taxes, and the increase in the statutory income tax rate from 16.5% in 2003 to 17% in 2004.
2002 and 2003
. We recorded a tax expense of Ch$14,250 million in 2003, as compared to a tax benefit of Ch$1,194 million in 2002. The change was
primarily attributable to a higher income tax base in 2003, as a result of the 178% increase in net income before taxes between periods, an increase in the corporate income tax rate from 16.0% in 2002 to 16.5% in 2003, a lower tax benefit in 2003
relating to the amortization of the complementary accounts on accumulated deferred taxes for periods prior to 1999 and non-recurring earnings in 2002 related to the recognition of deferred taxes as a consequence of the increase in the corporate
income tax rate in 2002.
Chilean and U.S. GAAP Reconciliation
We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements
in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See note 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements for a description of the material differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they
relate to us and our consolidated subsidiaries, reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and shareholders equity and a discussion of new accounting rules under U.S. GAAP. The following table sets forth net income and shareholders equity
for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 under Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP:
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2003
2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Significant differences exist between our net income and shareholders equity under Chilean GAAP as
presented in Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, and our net income and shareholders equity under U.S. GAAP as presented in note 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements. The differences are primarily
in the context of the accounting treatment used for the merger. The principal differences are as follows:
Under Chilean GAAP, the merger was accounted for as a pooling of interests on a prospective basis. As such, the historical financial statements for periods prior to the
merger are not restated under Chilean GAAP and we are considered to be the surviving entity. Under U.S. GAAP, the merger of the two banks is accounted for as a merger of entities under common control, as LQ Inversiones Financieras, a holding company
beneficially owned by Quiñenco S.A., controlled both banks since March 27, 2001. Consequently, U.S. GAAP requires that we restate our U.S. GAAP historical financial statements to retroactively reflect the merger as if both banks had been
combined since March 27, 2001. Under U.S. GAAP, for periods prior to March 27, 2001, the information presented in our audited consolidated financial statements is that of Banco de A. Edwards, as it had been under Quiñenco S.A.s control
since September 2, 1999.
The pooling of interests method under Chilean GAAP eliminates any interbank balances and aggregates the results of both banks using their historical book values. Under U.S. GAAP, to
the extent that we and Banco de A. Edwards were under common control, the assets and liabilities of Banco de A. Edwards were transferred into our accounts at their book value. However, as Quiñenco S.A. only owned 51.18% of Banco de A.
Edwards, we effectively acquired from minority interest holders that portion that was not held by Quiñenco S.A. and so we applied purchase accounting. As a result, we must calculate goodwill based on the difference between the purchase price
(
i.e.
, the market value of our shares) and the fair value of the proportion of assets and liabilities acquired from minority interest holders at the date of the merger. As part of this process, under U.S. GAAP, we were also required to value
previously unrecorded intangible assets, such as the Banco de A. Edwards brand name, and to include these assets in our financial records. Such assets remain unrecorded under Chilean GAAP. The different basis of the assets and liabilities caused by
this treatment has an effect on changes in depreciation and amortization in subsequent periods.
Under U.S. GAAP, when accounting for a merger of entities under common control, the book values of the merged entities that are held in the books of the common parent must be pushed
down to the merged entity. This means that any goodwill in the books of Quiñenco S.A. at the time that it acquired each bank and any fair value differences created from those purchases must be included in our U.S. GAAP accounting records. In
practice, this means that the goodwill and fair value adjustments created from Quiñenco S.A.s purchases of Banco de A. Edwards shares in September, October and December 1999 and from Quiñenco S.A.s purchase of our shares in
March 2001 are pushed down to us. As there is no analogous accounting treatment under Chilean GAAP, there is a considerable difference in the asset and liability bases under each body of accounting principles.
Under Chilean GAAP, allowances for loan losses are calculated according to specific guidelines set by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. Under U.S. GAAP, allowances for loan
losses should be in amounts adequate to cover inherent losses in the loan portfolio at the respective balance sheet dates. If we had applied U.S. GAAP, our net income would have increased by Ch$7,492 million and Ch$8,258 million in 2003 and 2004,
respectively, and shareholders equity would have increased by Ch$29,696 million and Ch$37,953 million in 2003 and 2004, respectively.
As required by the guidelines issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, we account for forward contracts between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar and forward contracts
between the U.S. dollar and the Chilean peso, or the UF, are valued at the closing spot exchange rate at each balance sheet date, with the initial discount or premium being amortized over the life of the contract. Interest rate swap agreements are
treated as off-balance-sheet financial instruments and the net interest effect, which corresponds to the difference between interest income and interest expense arising from such agreements, is recorded in net income in the period that such
differences originate, except for interest rate and cross currency swaps designated as a hedge of the foreign investment portfolio, which are recorded at their estimated fair market values. Under U.S. GAAP, our entire portfolio of swap agreements
are recorded at their estimated fair value and forward contracts between the U.S. dollar and the Chilean peso, or the UF, at the fair value based on the forward exchange rate. Additionally, we separately measure embedded derivatives included in
certain contracts as freestanding derivative instruments at their estimated fair values, recognizing changes in earnings when they occur.
These differences are explained in greater detail in note 28(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our payment obligations and potential payment obligations as and
when they become due without incurring unacceptable losses. To manage that risk, we maintain at all times a diversified stock of highly liquid assets that can be quickly mobilized in extraordinary circumstances, including cash, financial
investments, and Central Bank and government securities. Additionally, we have established lines of credit with foreign and domestic banks and have access to Central Bank borrowings to increase liquidity as necessary.
Our general policy is to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure our ability
to honor withdrawals of deposits, make repayments of other liabilities at maturity, extend loans and meet our working capital needs. As a bank, we satisfy our working capital needs through general funding. The majority of our funding is derived from
deposits and other borrowings from the public. We believe that our working capital is sufficient to meet our present needs. The minimum amount of liquidity is determined by the reserve requirements set by the Central Bank. These reserves are
currently 9.0% of demand deposits and 3.6% of time deposits. We are in compliance with all of these requirements.
In addition, we are subject to a technical requirement applicable to Chilean banks pursuant to which we must hold a certain amount of assets in cash or in
highly liquid instruments. This reserve is equal to the amount by which the daily balance of:
deposits in checking accounts;
other demand deposits or obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business;
other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or within a term of less than 30 days; and
time deposits payable within ten days
in the aggregate exceeds 2.5 times the amount of our capital and reserves.
Chilean regulations also require that gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 30 days not exceed a banks basic capital and
that gaps among assets and liabilities maturing within less than 90 days not exceed twice a banks equity.
The senior members of our financial division evaluate liquidity by projecting daily cash flows over the
following 100 days to verify that adequate liquidity is maintained, in compliance with limits imposed by Chilean banking regulations and those set internally by us.
Cash Flows
The tables below set forth our principal sources of cash. Our subsidiaries are not an important source of cash for us and therefore, have no impact on our
ability to meet our cash obligations. No legal or economic restrictions exist on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of loans or cash dividends as long as our subsidiaries abide by the regulations in the Chilean
Corporations Law regarding loans to related parties and minimum dividend payments.
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2003
2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Ch$
432,859
Ch$
(117,085)
Ch$
574,804
2003 and 2004
.
Cash provided by operating activities reached Ch$574,804 million in 2004 compared to cash used in operating activities of Ch$117,085 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a decrease in our financial investments, primarily in short-term Central
Bank securities and Chilean financial institutions, due to our issuance of three series of bonds on September 1, 2004 which improved our liquidity and allowed us to reduce our lower-yielding short-term assets. In addition, foreign country-related
investments also declined as a result of the decrease in the exchange rate.
2002 and 2003
. We recorded cash used in operating activities of Ch$117,085 million in 2003, primarily as a result of an increase in the amount of Central Bank and government securities required to be held by us
in order to comply with higher technical reserve requirements from the significant growth in checking accounts.
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2003
2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Net cash used in investing activities
Ch$
(259,362)
Ch$
(170,521)
Ch$
(642,668)
2003 and 2004
.
Cash used in investing activities increased to Ch$642,668 million in 2004 from Ch$170,521 million in 2003 primarily as a result of an increase in the volume of our loan portfolio.
2002 and 2003
. Cash used in investing activities decreased to Ch$170,521 million in 2003 from Ch$259,362 million in
2002, primarily as a result of a decrease in the funds used in spot foreign exchange transactions.
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2003
2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
2003 and 2004
. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities of Ch$473,368 million in 2003
to cash provided by financing activities of Ch$98,645 million in 2004 was primarily attributable to a decrease in investments sold under agreements to repurchase, mortgage finance bonds and foreign borrowings. Additionally, the decrease in net cash
provided by financing activities resulted from the purchase of 2.5% of our shares and higher dividends distributed to our shareholders, Ch$130,550 million in 2004 compared to Ch$53,949 million in 2003.
2002 and 2003
. The change from cash used in financing activities of
Ch$269,466 million in 2002 to cash provided by financing activities of Ch$473,368 million in 2003 was primarily attributable to an increase in savings accounts and time deposits and, to a lesser extent, an increase in short-term foreign borrowings
and investments sold under repurchase agreements.
Other Borrowings
Our long-term and short-term borrowings are summarized
below. In accordance with the guidelines established by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, we do not present a classified balance sheet. Borrowings are described as short-term when they have original maturities of less than one year or are due on
demand. All other borrowings are described as long-term, including the amounts due within one year on such borrowings.
Year Ended December 31, 2003
Year Ended December 31, 2004
Long-term
Short-term
Total
Long-term
Short- term
Total
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Central Bank Credit lines for renegotiation of loans
Central Bank borrowings include credit lines for the renegotiation of loans and other Central Bank borrowings. Credit lines
were provided by the Central Bank for the renegotiation of mortgage loans due to the need to refinance debts as a result of the economic recession and crisis of the Chilean banking system from 1982 to 1985. The credit lines for the renegotiations of
mortgage loans are linked to the UF index and carry a real annual interest rate of 2.29% as of December 31, 2004. The maturities of the outstanding amounts are as follows:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of
December 31, 2004)
Due within 1 year
Ch$
1,930
Due after 1 year but within 2 years
Due after 2 years but within 3 years
Due after 3 years but within 4 years
Due after 4 years but within 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total long-term (Credit lines for renegotiation of loans)
1,930
Total short-term (Other Central Bank borrowings)
107,643
Total Central Bank borrowings
Ch$
109,573
Mortgage finance
bonds
Mortgage finance bonds
are used to finance the granting of mortgage loans. The outstanding principal amounts of the bonds are amortized on a quarterly basis. The range of maturities of these bonds is between five and twenty years. The bonds are linked to the UF index and
carry a weighted average annual interest rate of 5.9% as of December 31, 2004.
The maturities of outstanding mortgage finance bond amounts as of December 31, 2004 are as follows:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
Due within 1 year
Ch$
79,647
Due after 1 year but within 2 years
71,034
Due after 2 years but within 3 years
71,525
Due after 3 years but within 4 years
69,640
Due after 4 years but within 5 years
68,004
Due after 5 years
429,038
Total mortgage finance bonds
Ch$
788,888
Bonds
Our bonds are linked to the UF Index and carry an
average real annual interest rate of 3.6% as of December 31, 2004, with interest and principal payments due semi-annually. The bonds were originally intended to finance loans that had a maturity of greater than one year.
The maturities of outstanding bond amounts as of December 31, 2004 are as
follows:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
In 2002 we issued bonds totaling UF1,580,000 at a discount of UF98,670. The bonds are linked to the UF index with interest
and principal payments due semi-annually. The discount on the issuance of the bonds is amortized over the life of the bond. As of December 31, 2004, the effective real interest rate is 7.0%, taking into consideration the discount on issuance.
The bonds are intended to finance loans having a maturity
greater than one year. As of December 31, 2004 the outstanding maturities of the bonds, which are considered long-term, are as follows:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$
as of December 31, 2004)
Due within 1 year
Ch$26,605
Due after 1 year but within 2 years
20,417
Due after 2 years but within 3 years
20,417
Due after 3 years but within 4 years
20,417
Due after 4 years but within 5 years
20,417
Due after 5 years
158,031
Total subordinated bonds
Ch$266,304
Subordinated bonds are
considered in the calculation of effective equity for the purpose of determining our minimum capital requirements.
Borrowings from domestic financial institutions
Borrowings from domestic financial institutions, which are used to fund our general activities, carry a weighted average annual real interest rate of
2.39% as of December 31, 2004 and have the following outstanding maturities as of December 31, 2004:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$
as of December 31, 2004)
Due within 1 year
Due after 1 year but within 2 years
Due after 2 years but within 3 years
Due after 3 years but within 4 years
Due after 4 years but within 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total long-term
Total short-term
Ch$26,399
Total borrowings from domestic financial institutions
We have short-term and long-term borrowings from foreign banks. The outstanding maturities of these borrowings as of
December 31, 2004 are as follows:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
Due within 1 year
Ch$215,576
Due after 1 year but within 2 years
39,236
Due after 2 years but within 3 years
Due after 3 years but within 4 years
Due after 4 years but within 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total long-term
254,812
Total short-term
340,736
Total foreign borrowings
Ch$595,548
All of these loans are
denominated in U.S. dollars, are principally used to fund our foreign trade loans and carry an average annual nominal interest rate of 2.33% as of December 31, 2004.
Other obligations
As of December 31,
2003
2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
Other long-term obligations:
Obligations with Chilean government
Ch$
10,092
Ch$
11,089
Total other long-term obligations
10,092
11,089
Other short-term obligations
50,998
33,758
Total other obligations
Ch$
61,090
Ch$
44,847
As of December 31,
2004, other obligations had the following maturities:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
Our asset and liability management policy is to maximize net interest revenue and return on assets and shareholders
equity in light of interest rate, liquidity and foreign exchange risks and within the limits of Chilean banking regulations and our internal risk management policies. Subject to these constraints, we may from time to time take mismatched positions
as to interest rates or, in certain limited circumstances, foreign currencies when justified, in our view, by market conditions and prospects, and subject to our asset and liability management policies. Our board of directors determines our asset
and liability policies. See Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.
Funding
The following
table sets forth our average daily balance of liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, in each case together with the related average nominal interest rates paid thereon:
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2003
2004
Average
Balance
% of
Total
Liabilities
Average
Nominal
Rate
Average
Balance
% of
Total
Liabilities
Average
Nominal
Rate
Average
Balance
% of
Total
Liabilities
Average
Nominal
Rate
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004, except for percentages)
Non-interest bearing demand deposits
Ch$
1,633,578
18.9
%
Ch$
1,873,627
21.8
%
Ch$
2,088,509
23.3
%
Time deposits
3,640,906
42.0
4.1
%
3,413,951
39.8
2.5
%
3,466,036
38.7
2.5
%
Savings accounts
173,446
2.0
4.3
176,967
2.1
1.7
146,778
1.7
2.2
Mortgage finance bonds
1,312,999
15.2
9.3
1,051,414
12.2
7.4
914,065
10.2
8.2
Central Bank borrowings
62,674
0.7
3.7
69,949
0.8
2.5
90,259
1.0
2.3
Contingent liabilities
379,759
4.4
404,684
4.7
478,351
5.4
Other non-interest bearing liabilities
301,567
3.5
199,798
2.3
298,514
3.3
Other interest bearing liabilities
1,160,086
13.3
4.5
%
1,400,636
16.3
2.9
%
1,470,789
16.4
3.3
%
Total liabilities
Ch$
8,665,015
100.0
%
Ch$
8,591,026
100.0
%
Ch$
8,953,301
100.0
%
Our most important
source of funding is our customer deposits, which consist primarily of peso-denominated non-interest bearing demand deposits and peso- and UF-denominated interest bearing time deposits. Non-interest bearing demand deposits represented 23.3% of our
average total liabilities in 2004, and are our least expensive source of funding. Time deposits and mortgage finance bonds represented 48.9% of our average liabilities in 2004 and 52.0% in 2003, respectively.
Our current funding strategy is to continue to utilize all sources of funding
in accordance with their cost and availability and with our general asset and liability management strategy. We also intend to continue to broaden our customer deposit base, to emphasize core deposit funding and to fund our mortgage loans with the
matched funding available through the issuance of mortgage finance bonds and other long-term bonds in Chiles capital markets. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyBusiness OverviewPrincipal Business ActivitiesRetail
Banking.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to a number of off-balance sheet activities that contain credit, market and
operational risk that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. These activities include commitments to extend credit not otherwise accounted for as contingent loans, such as overdrafts and credit card lines of credit, and
long-term contractual obligations under operating leases or service contracts.
We provide customers with off-balance sheet credit support through loan commitments. Such commitments are agreements to lend to a customer at a future date, subject to compliance with the contractual terms. Since
substantial portions of these commitments are expected to expire without our having to make any loans, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent our actual future cash requirements. The amounts of these loan commitments were Ch$909,217
million and Ch$593,002 million as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. The amounts of subscribed leasing contracts were Ch$55,537 million and Ch$41,195 million as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Our interest rate swap agreements are treated as off-balance sheet financial
instruments and the net interest effect, which is the difference between interest income and interest expense arising from such agreements, is recorded in net income in the period in which such differences originate. However, interest rate and
cross-currency swaps, which are entered into in order to hedge the foreign investment portfolio, are recorded at their estimated fair market values.
The credit risk of both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments varies based on many factors, including the value of collateral held and other
security arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, we generally determine the need for specific covenant, guarantee and collateral requirements on a case-by-case basis, depending on the nature of the financial instrument and the customers
creditworthiness. We may also receive comfort letters and oral assurances. The amount and type of collateral held to reduce credit risk varies, but may include real estate, machinery, equipment, inventory and accounts receivable, as well as cash on
deposit, stocks, bonds and other marketable securities that are generally held in our possession or at another appropriate custodian or depository. This collateral is valued and inspected on a regular basis to ensure both its existence and adequacy.
Additional collateral is requested when appropriate.
Financial Guarantees
The following is a summary of instruments that are
considered financial guarantees in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 45:
As of December 31, 2004
(in millions of constant Ch$ as
of December 31, 2004)
Performance bonds
Ch$347,843
Foreign office guarantees
15,355
Standby letters of credit
23,737
Total
Ch$386,935
Guarantees in the form
of performance bonds, standby letters of credit and foreign office guarantees are issued in connection with agreements made by customers to counterparties. If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the counterparty may enforce the
performance bonds, standby letters of credit or foreign office guarantees as a remedy. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the customer may not be able to repay us for these guarantees.
The expiration of guarantees per period is as follows:
Due within 1
year
Due after 1
year but
within 3
years
Due after 3
years but
within 5
years
Due after 5
years
Total
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Performance bonds
Ch$
221,812
Ch$
96,309
Ch$
28,322
Ch$
1,400
Ch$
347,843
Standby letters of credit
12,521
10,956
78
182
23,737
Foreign office guarantees
15,355
15,355
Total
Ch$
249,688
Ch$
107,265
Ch$
28,400
Ch$
1,582
Ch$
386,935
TABULAR DISCLOSURE
OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following tables set forth
our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by time remaining to maturity. As of December 31, 2004, the scheduled maturities of our contractual obligations, including accrued interest, were as follows:
Due within 1
year
Due after 1
year but
within 3
years
Due after 3
years but
within 5
years
Due after 5
years
Total
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)
Contractual Obligations
Deposit and other term liabilities(1)
Ch$
3,296,296
Ch$
224,033
Ch$
1,020
Ch$
3,521,349
Mortgage finance bonds
79,647
142,559
137,644
Ch$
429,038
788,888
Bonds issued
56,013
97,076
95,707
199,023
447,819
Central Bank credit lines from renegotiations of loans
1,930
1,930
Other Central Bank borrowings
107,643
107,643
Borrowings from domestic financial institutions
26,399
26,399
Foreign borrowings
556,312
39,236
595,548
Other obligations
35,154
3,382
3,317
2,994
44,847
Lease contracts
5,711
8,133
4,972
3,341
22,157
Services contracts
143,090
145,732
123,359
2,463,271
2,875,452
Investments sold under agreements to repurchase
349,086
349,086
Total
Ch$
4,657,281
Ch$
660,151
Ch$
366,019
Ch$
3,097,667
Ch$
8,781,118
(1)
Excludes demand accounts and savings accounts.
As of December 31, 2004, the scheduled maturities of other commercial commitments, including accrued interest, were as follows:
Due within 1
year
Due after 1
year but
within 3
years
Due after 3
years but
within 5
years
Due after 5
years
Total
(in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2004)