ADVANCE AMERICA, CASH ADVANCE CENTERS, INC. - 10-K - 20070301 - BUSINESS
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Overview
We are
the largest provider of payday cash advance services in the United States, as
measured by the number of centers operated. As of December 31, 2006, we
operated 2,853 centers in 36 states. We do not franchise any of our centers.
Payday cash advances are small-denomination, short-term, unsecured advances
that are typically due on the customers next payday. We focus primarily on
providing payday advance services to middle-income working individuals and do
not provide pawn lending, title lending or similar services. During 2006, we
began offering customers in Pennsylvania the Advance America Choice-Line of
Credit product. We previously marketed, processed and serviced installment
loans made by lending banks under our former agency business model, and during
2006 we began offering installment loans directly to customers in Illinois. In
the fall of 2006, we introduced a prepaid debit card as an additional product
in our centers. In the future we intend to expand further our product and
service offerings. The table below shows selected demographics of the customers
we serve:
Customers(1)
U.S. Census 2000
Average age
(years)
39
35.8
Percentage
between 18-44
66
%
40
%
Median household
income
$
40,557
$
41,994
Percentage
homeowners
45
%
66
%
Percentage with high
school degrees
86
%
80
%(2)
(1)
Based on a study
performed for us of the approximately 52% of customers served during the twelve
months ended April 2005 for whom this information was available.
(2)
Percentage of population
25 years old and older who are high school graduates or higher.
Our goal is to attract customers by offering
straightforward, rapid access to temporary funding while providing
high-quality, professional customer service. We believe that our services
represent a competitive source of liquidity to the customer relative to other
credit alternatives, which typically include overdraft privileges or bounced
check protection, late bill payments, checks returned for insufficient funds
and short-term collateralized loans.
4
The following
table presents key operating data for our business:
Year Ended December 31,
2004
2005
2006
Number of centers open
at end of period
2,408
2,604
2,853
Number of customers
servedall credit products (thousands)
1,412
1,534
1,494
Number of payday cash
advances originated (thousands)
11,586
11,620
11,539
Aggregate principal
amount of payday cash advances originated (thousands)
$
3,804,096
$
3,943,815
$
4,082,865
Average amount of payday
cash advance originated
$
328
$
339
$
353
Average charge to
customers for providing and processing a payday cash advance
$
52
$
55
$
55
Average duration of a
payday cash advance (days)
15.4
15.8
16.2
Average number of lines
of credit outstanding during the period (thousands)
20
Average amount of
aggregate principal on lines of credit outstanding during the period
(thousands)
$
8,963
Average principal amount
on lines of credit outstanding during the period
$
448
Number of installment
loans originated (thousands)
68
29
Aggregate principal
amount of installment loans originated (thousands)
$
34,541
$
13,905
Average amount of
installment loan originated
$
508
$
486
Average charge to customers for providing and
processing an installment loan(1)
$
337
$
357
(1)
This
calculation for 2006 excludes the Illinois installment loan product which was
rolled out in October 2006 because that product was not available long
enough for an average charge in Illinois to be determined.
Our centers, which we
design to have the appearance of a mainstream financial institution, are
typically located in middle-income shopping areas with high retail activity. As
of December 31, 2006, we operated 2,769 centers under the Advance
America brand and 84 centers under the National Cash Advance brand.
Our Industry
The payday cash advance
services industry has grown steadily since the early 1990s in response to a
shortage of available short-term consumer credit alternatives from traditional
banking institutions. The rapid increase in the charges associated with having
insufficient funds in ones bank account, as well as other late/penalty fees
charged by financial institutions and merchants, have also helped increase
customer demand for advances. An advance typically involves a single charge,
unlike other alternatives that often require collateral, origination and
administration fees, interest payments, additional incremental charges and
prepayment penalties and charges for other services such as credit life
insurance. Other alternatives, such as bounced checks and late bill payments,
may also have negative credit consequences. We believe customers use short-term
advances as a simple, quick and confidential way to meet short-term cash needs
between paydays while avoiding the potentially higher costs and negative credit
consequences of other alternatives.
We believe many banks and
other traditional financial institutions reduced or eliminated their provision
of small-denomination, short-term consumer loans, in part due to the costs
associated with originating these loans. As a result, a significant number of
companies now offer short-term consumer loans, or advances, to lower-income and
middle-income individuals. The providers of these types of services are
fragmented and range from specialty finance offices, like our centers, to
retail stores in other industries that offer short-term consumer loans as
ancillary services. Because of the relatively low cost of
5
entry
and the regulatory safe harbor that many state statutes provide for advances,
the industry has experienced significant growth in the number of centers. Other
entrants to the industry offer advances and short-term loans over the internet
as well as by telephone.
We believe the payday cash
advance services industry is growing, fueled by overall increases in the
population and increased consumer and legislative acceptance of payday cash
advances. The number of jurisdictions with specific legislation and/or
regulations permitting payday cash advances or small loans has grown from 16
states in 1997, the year in which we commenced operations, to 39 states and the
District of Columbia as of December 31, 2006.
Competitive Strengths
Market Leader with Economies of
Scale.
With 2,853 centers located in 36 states as of
December 31, 2006, we are the largest provider of payday cash advance
services in the United States, as measured by the number of centers operated,
with approximately twice as many centers as the next largest provider of payday
cash advance services. We believe our scale provides us with a leadership
position in the industry, allows us to leverage our brand name in opening
centers in existing and new markets and enables us to benefit from economies of
scale and to enter favorable relationships with landlords, strategic vendors
and other suppliers. We have centralized most center support functions,
including marketing and advertising, accounting and finance, treasury
management, human resources, regulatory compliance, information technology
support and customer support systems. We believe these centralization efforts
will enable us to continue to expand our network of centers while controlling
our costs.
Successful Execution of Growth
Strategy.
We believe we have successfully executed an
effective growth strategy, including identifying attractive locations for new
centers, rapidly entering into new leases and establishing the necessary procedures
and systems to manage the overall growth process. We use our database of over
4.0 million customer records to analyze market opportunities and make
management decisions regarding expanding our network of centers. In 2006, we
opened 302 new centers in 32 states, and in 2005, we opened 361 new centers in
32 states.
Continued Focus on Government
Affairs.
We have experience with the legislative and
regulatory environment in all of the states in which we operate as well as at
the federal level. We are a founding member of the Community Financial Services
Association of America (CFSA), an industry trade group comprised of our
company and more than 100 other companies engaged in the payday cash advance
services industry. Our internal government affairs team, together with the
CFSA, seeks to encourage favorable legislation that permits us to operate
profitably within a balanced regulatory framework. In 2006, 2005 and 2004,
payday cash advance legislation we supported was adopted in 3 states, 9 states
and 15 states, respectively. Our approach is to continue to work with
policymakers and grass roots organizations to provide a predictable and
favorable legislative environment for the payday cash advance services
industry.
Ability to Respond Rapidly to
Regulatory Changes.
Our regulatory department, along
with our internal government affairs team and outside counsel, monitors the
various state and federal legislatures and rule-making bodies to keep abreast
of changes in laws and regulations relevant to our business. Our organization
is designed to be able to respond rapidly to these regulatory developments. We
believe that our strong internal regulatory team enables us to seize
opportunities for growth in new jurisdictions, permits us to conduct our
business in compliance with often changing laws and regulations and allows us
to react quickly to those changes.
Rigorous Implementation of Center
Level Controls.
We believe that our management
information systems, our cash management systems and our internal compliance
systems are critical to our success and continued growth. We employ a
proprietary point-of-sale system used to record transactions in our centers.
This information is recorded daily and analyzed at our centers and at our
headquarters. We also employ a third-party cash reconciliation software system
to balance and monitor cash receipts and disbursements. The principal benefits
from our use of these two systems are our quick recognition of variances from
6
expected operating
results, our early detection of theft and fraud and our ability to monitor
compliance with various federal and state laws.
Geographical Diversification of
Our Centers.
With centers located in 36 states as of
December 31, 2006, we believe we have developed a significant presence
throughout the United States that helps us to mitigate the risk and possible
financial impact of unfavorable changes in state legislation or in the economic
environment of a particular region or state and allows us to take advantage of
competitive opportunities in those markets. For the year ended
December 31, 2006, California and Texas, which accounted for approximately
10.5% and 11.6%, respectively, of our total revenues, were the only states that
accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues.
Business Strategy
Continue to Open Centers
Systematically.
A key objective of our growth strategy
is to become the leading provider of payday cash advance services in each
market we enter by rapidly opening proprietary, wholly owned centers. We do not
intend to franchise our centers. We opened 302 centers in 2006, and we expect
to continue our rapid roll-out of new centers. We believe that internal
development of new centers is currently generally more economical than
acquiring and integrating existing centers. However, from time to time, we also
may consider opportunities to acquire payday cash advance companies or
businesses, particularly in markets we do not currently serve. We believe that
by offering the convenience of a high density of centers, as well as
exceptional customer service, we will maintain a high level of customer
satisfaction.
Drive New Center Operating
Performance.
In our operating centers that opened in
2006 and 2005, we are striving to match the operating performance of our
centers that have been open at least 24 months. To do this, our employees are
evaluated and compensated, in part, based on their achievement of operational
goals, which we adjust each year to account for the continued improvement in
our business. The three key metrics we reward are (1) maintaining a high
level of compliance with applicable laws and regulations, (2) meeting
stated growth objectives and (3) meeting collection targets. We believe
that by focusing on these specific goals and tying them to employee
compensation, we can achieve operating performance in our newer centers
comparable to the operating performance at our mature centers.
Maximize the Efficiency of Our
Infrastructure.
We have made significant investments in
technology, infrastructure and monitoring/compliance systems that we believe
are highly scalable. As we continue to expand our network of centers, we expect
that our general and administrative expenses will decline as a percentage of
our net revenues.
Support Improvement of the
Legislative and Regulatory Environment.
As of
December 31, 2006, 39 states and the District of Columbia had specific
laws that permitted payday cash advances or allowed a form of payday cash
advances under small loan laws. Our goal is to work with policymakers and grass
roots organizations to facilitate the implementation of a balanced, visible and
predictable regulatory framework that protects the interests of the customers
we serve while allowing us to operate profitably in every state.
Expand Our Product and Service
Offerings.
We are actively exploring complementary
product and service offerings to take advantage of our brand name and national footprint.
During 2006, we introduced a prepaid debit card called the CashVantage Card. We
believe this and other new offerings will increase customer satisfaction and
drive incremental revenue.
Our Services
Historically, we have conducted our business in most
states under the authority of a variety of enabling state statutes including
payday advance, deferred presentment, check-cashing, small loan, credit service
organization and other state laws (which we refer to as the standard business
model). In certain states, we previously conducted business as a marketing,
processing and servicing agent for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) supervised, state-chartered banks that made payday cash advances and
installment loans to their customers pursuant to the authority of the laws of
the states in
7
which they were located
and federal interstate banking laws, regulations and guidelines (which we refer
to as the agency business model). We refer to the banks for which we acted as
an agent under the agency business model as lending banks. Our advance services
consist primarily of payday cash advances. We currently also offer lines of
credit in Pennsylvania and installment loans in Illinois.
We provide advances and charge fees and/or interest as
specified by the laws of the states where we operate under the standard
business model. In the states where we previously operated under the agency
business model, the lending banks provided advances and installment loans and
charged fees and/or interest as specified by the laws of the states in which
they were located and consistent with the regulatory authority of the FDIC and
federal banking law. The permitted size of an advance varies by state and
ranges from $50 to $1,000. The permitted fees and/or interest on an advance
also vary by state and range from 10% to 22% of the amount of a payday cash advance.
Fees and interest for installment loans are larger relative to the size of the
advance because of the longer term of this product. Fees and interest for the
line of credit product consist of a monthly service fee for the line of credit
plus interest on the average outstanding balance.
Additional fees that we may collect include fees for
returned checks and late fees. The returned check fee varies by state and
ranges up to $30. We charge a customer this fee if a deposited check is
returned due to non-sufficient funds (NSF) in the customers account or other
reasons. In three states, we are also permitted to charge a late fee, the
amount of which varies by state. In Texas, where we provide credit services as
a Credit Services Organization (CSO), the third-party lender charges a late
fee on its loan in accordance with state law. In two other states, a late fee
was charged by the lending bank on the installment loan, the amount of which
was determined by the lending bank. For the years ended December 31, 2006
and 2005, total NSF fees collected by us, the third-party lender in Texas and
the lending banks were approximately $3.3 million and $2.8 million,
respectively, and total late fees collected by us, the third-party lender in Texas
and the lending banks were approximately $768,000 and $254,000, respectively.
We provide advance services and small-denomination,
short-term unsecured consumer credit because we believe that many consumers
have limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. To obtain an advance,
a new customer first completes an application that includes personal
information such as his or her name, address, phone number, employment
information or source of income, and references. This information is entered
into our information system. The new customer then presents the required
documentation, usually proof of identification, a pay stub or other evidence of
income, and a bank statement, to our center employee. In order for a new
customer to be approved for an advance, he or she is required to have a bank
account and a regular source of income, such as a job.
Under the standard business model, we determine
whether to approve an advance to our customers. Using this model, we do not
undertake any evaluation of the creditworthiness of our customers in
determining whether to approve customers for advances, other than requiring
proof of identification, bank account and income source, as described above. We
also consider the customers income in determining the amount of the advance.
Under the agency business model, the lending banks used third-party credit
scores to evaluate and approve each customers application. We currently act as
a CSO in our centers in Texas. As a CSO, we offer a fee-based credit services
package to assist customers in trying to improve their credit and in obtaining
an extension of consumer credit through a third-party lender, who determines
whether to approve the loan and establishes all of the loan underwriting
criteria and terms, conditions and features of the loan agreement with the
customer.
After the documents presented by the customer have
been reviewed for completeness and accuracy, copied for record-keeping purposes
and the advance has been approved, the customer enters into an agreement governing
the terms of the advance. The customer then writes a personal check to cover
the amount of the advance plus charges for applicable fees and/or interest, and
makes an appointment to return on a specified due date, typically his or her
next payday for payday cash advances, to repay the advance plus the applicable
charges. At the specified due date, the customer is required to pay off the
advance in full, which is usually accomplished by the customer returning to the
center with cash.
8
In our CSO centers, we
also assist the customer by agreeing to reimburse the lender for the full
amount of the loan and all related fees that are not collected from the
customers. If the customer has chosen the consumer-reporting option, we report
the repayment information from the lender to Payment Reporting Builds
Credit, Inc. (PRBC), a consumer credit reporting agency. Reporting to
PRBC may assist the customer in improving his or her credit if the customer
repays the loan in accordance with its terms and if that positive repayment is
viewed favorably by users of the PRBC report. In addition, we provide access to
free financial tools, services and information to help customers with their
personal finances, budgets and credit ratings.
Upon a repayment in full,
we are obligated to return the customers personal check to the customer. If
the customer does not repay the outstanding advance or loan in full on or
before the due date, we will seek to collect from the customer the amount of
the advance or loan and any applicable fees, including late and NSF fees due,
and may deposit the customers personal check.
In the fall of 2006, we
began selling a prepaid debit card called the CashVantage Card in select
states. The CashVantage Card allows a cardholder to load cash onto the card
and use it wherever VISA debit cards are accepted. We earn a fee from the
original purchase of the card by the customer and a convenience fee for loads
on the cards. In addition, we earn fees and incur expenses related to
cardholder transactions such as purchases, ATM withdrawals made with the cards,
account maintenance and subscription fees. For the year ended December 31,
2006, we sold approximately 40,000 prepaid cards on which we loaded
approximately $11.6 million.
Seasonality
Our business is seasonal
due to the impact of fluctuating demand for advances and fluctuating collection
rates throughout the year. Demand has historically been higher in the third and
fourth quarters of each year, corresponding to the back-to-school and holiday seasons,
and lowest in the first quarter of each year, corresponding to our customers
receipt of income tax refunds.
Collection Procedures
As part of the closing
process for each advance, we typically establish the expectation with the
customer that they will return by scheduling an appointment for them to return
to our center to repay their advance on its due date. The day before the due
date, we generally call the customer to confirm their appointment.
If a customer does not
return to repay the amount due, the center manager has the discretion to either
(1) commence past-due collection efforts, which typically may proceed for
up to 14 days in most states, or (2) deposit the customers personal
check. If the center manager has decided to commence past-due collection
efforts in place of depositing the customers personal check, center employees
typically contact the customer by telephone or in person to obtain a payment or
a promise to pay and attempt to exchange the customers check for a cashiers
check, if funds are available. We also may permit a customer to enter into an
extended payment plan if the customer is not able to meet his or her current
repayment obligation.
If at the end of this
past-due collection period, the center has been unable to collect the amount
due, the customers check is then deposited. Additional collection efforts are
not required if the customers deposited check clears. If the customers check
does not clear and is returned because of non-sufficient funds in the
customers account or because of a closed account or a stop-payment order,
additional collection efforts begin. These additional collection efforts are
carried out by the center employees and typically include contacting the
customer by telephone or in person to obtain payment or a promise to pay and
attempting to exchange the customers check for a cashiers check if funds
become available. We also send out a series of collection letters centrally
which are automatically triggered based on a set of pre-determined criteria.
9
Center Operations
Centers
With 2,853 centers as of
December 31, 2006, we operate the largest network of payday cash advance
centers in the United States. The following table illustrates the growth of our
center network since December 31, 2004:
As of December 31,
State
2004
2005
2006
Alabama
127
140
140
Arizona
49
53
60
Arkansas
30
30
30
California
290
298
302
Colorado
56
62
67
Delaware
10
13
14
Florida
173
211
248
Idaho
8
13
15
Illinois
61
60
72
Indiana
91
116
123
Iowa
21
35
37
Kansas
42
56
Kentucky
33
39
43
Louisiana
64
75
76
Michigan
87
111
137
Mississippi
51
53
53
Missouri
62
70
84
Montana
8
9
8
Nebraska
25
25
24
Nevada
10
10
11
New Hampshire
15
16
20
New Mexico
12
12
12
North Carolina(1)
118
North Dakota
7
8
Ohio
178
210
231
Oklahoma
68
67
67
Oregon
42
56
53
Pennsylvania
101
101
99
Rhode Island
3
15
South Carolina
105
112
129
South Dakota
10
11
12
Tennessee
59
62
65
Texas
204
207
231
Virginia
109
120
142
Washington
90
105
110
Wisconsin
37
45
52
Wyoming
4
5
7
Total
2,408
2,604
2,853
(1) We suspended operations and closed all our centers in North
Carolina in December 2005.
10
Internal Compliance
Audit
We have a staff of
internal regulatory auditors based throughout the United States whose function
is to monitor compliance by our centers with applicable federal and state laws
and regulations, the CFSAs Best Practices and our company policies and
procedures. The auditors conduct periodic unannounced audits of our centers.
They typically spend one to two days in each center, although the time may vary
if a more extensive investigation is needed. The auditors typically review
customer files, reports, held checks, cash controls and compliance with state
specific legal requirements and disclosures. Upon completion of an audit, the
auditor will conduct an exit interview with the center personnel and/or the
divisional director and discuss issues found during the review. As part of the
internal audit program, reports for management regarding audit results are
prepared to help identify compliance issues that need to be addressed and areas
for further training.
Prior Relationships
with the Lending Banks
Under marketing, processing and servicing agreements
(MP&S Agreements) with the lending banks under the former agency business
model, we were compensated by the lending banks for marketing, processing and
servicing the payday cash advances and installment loans the lending banks made
to their customers. Approximately 1.8%, 15.9% and 24.4% of our total revenues
in the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, were
derived from the agency business model. As of December 31, 2004, we
operated as a marketing, processing and servicing agent for lending banks in
Arkansas, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Texas. In response to
revised guidance issued by the FDIC in March 2005 (the Revised
Guidance), we began instead to offer check-cashing and deferred-presentment
services in our centers in Michigan in June 2005 and CSO services in our
centers in Texas in July 2005. Additionally, the lending bank in North
Carolina ceased operations in December 2005. In response to a
communication from the FDIC in February 2006, the lending banks in
Pennsylvania and Arkansas ceased originating payday cash advances and
installment loans during the first and second quarters of 2006. During
June 2006, we began operating in Pennsylvania and Arkansas pursuant to
existing state-based legislation. As a result, we now operate under the
standard business model in all of our centers.
Although we marketed, processed and serviced payday
cash advances and installment loans offered, made and funded by the lending
banks under the former agency business model, each lending bank was responsible
for evaluating each of its customers applications and determining whether the
payday cash advance or installment loan was approved. The lending banks
utilized an automated third-party credit scoring system to evaluate and
approve each customer application. We were not involved in the lending banks
approval process or in determining their approval procedures or criteria and,
in the normal course of business, we generally did not fund or acquire any
payday cash advances or installment loans from the lending banks. The payday
cash advances and installment loans were repayable solely to the lending banks
and were assets of the lending banks. Consequently, the lending banks payday
cash advances and installment loans have never been included in our balance
sheet within our advances and fees receivable, net.
Under the MP&S
Agreements, the lending banks were contractually obligated for all or a
specified portion of the losses on their advances and loans. Therefore, our marketing,
processing and servicing fees increased by the lending banks contractual
obligation for losses. If actual losses by a lending bank exceeded the
percentage specified in its MP&S Agreement, we were potentially obligated
to pay the lending bank the outstanding amount of the advances and loans plus
the lending banks fees and/or interest receivable on the advances and loans,
less the lending banks contractually obligated portion of the losses.
11
Competition
We believe that the principal competitive factors in
the payday cash advance services industry are location, customer service,
convenience, speed and confidentiality. We face intense competition in an
industry with low barriers to entry, and we believe that the payday cash
advance market is becoming more competitive as the industry matures and
consolidates. We also compete with services offered by traditional financial
institutions, such as overdraft protection, and with other payday cash advance
providers, small loan providers, credit unions, short-term consumer
lenders and other financial services entities and retail businesses that offer
consumer loans or other products and services that are similar to ours.
Businesses offering payday cash advances and short-term loans over the
internet as well as by phone also compete with us.
The payday cash advance services industry is highly
fragmented. In March 2006, Stephens, Inc. estimated that there were
approximately 23,000 outlets (including our own centers) in the United States.
Our network of 2,853 centers as of December 31, 2006 represents the
largest network of such centers in the United States. We believe that our two
largest single service payday cash advance company competitors, Check n Go and
Check into Cash, have over 1,400 and 1,200 payday cash advance centers,
respectively. Another competitor is QC Holdings, Inc., which we believe
has over 500 locations in the United States.
The remaining
competitors are local chains and single-unit operators.
To a lesser extent, we compete with other companies
that offer payday cash advances as an ancillary financial product to complement
their primary business of cashing checks, selling money orders, providing money
transfer services or offering similar financial services. These competitors
include Dollar Financial Corp. and ACE Cash Express, Inc.
Our centers also have been facing increased
competition from banks that offer their account holders payday cash advances as
well as other products such as overdraft privileges and bounced check
protection, which are similar to our advance services.
Because of the relatively
low cost of entry and the regulatory safe harbor that many state statutes
provide for payday cash advances, the payday cash advance services industry has
experienced significant growth in the number of centers.
Marketing and
Advertising
We design our marketing efforts to increase our
revenues by (1) introducing new customers to our services and
(2) creating customer loyalty. We believe that our mass media advertising
campaigns (primarily through television, direct mail and the yellow pages)
increase awareness and acceptance of our services. Our advertising expenditures
occur primarily during key seasonal periods, such as the back-to-school
and holiday seasons in the third and fourth quarters of each year, when
consumers are most likely to have short-term liquidity needs.
We utilize marketing promotions at our centers with,
we believe, high-impact, consumer relevant, point-of-purchase materials. In
addition, we provide our centers with promotional materials such as brochures,
pens, key chains and coupons for use in local marketing. Local marketing also
includes attendance at, and sponsorship of, community events such as blood
drives, food drives, voter registration programs and other charitable events.
Drawing on statistical
data from our transaction database, we use direct marketing strategies to
advertise to prospective customers who have demographic characteristics similar
to the customers we serve.
12
Information Systems
We employ a proprietary point-of-sale system that is
used to record transactions in our centers. The point-of-sale system is also
used at our headquarters to develop information for management. We also employ
a third-party cash reconciliation software system to reconcile bank
accounts and monitor cash receipts and disbursements.
The point-of-sale system is designed to facilitate
customer service and speed the dissemination of information for cash flow
purposes. This system records and monitors the details of every transaction,
reduces the risk of transaction errors, and provides automated, integrated
transactions that are designed to ensure standardization and compliance with
applicable state and federal regulations.
Transaction data gathered by our point-of-sale system
is integrated into our management information system, general ledger and cash
reconciliation software. Our point-of-sale system and cash reconciliation
software systems allow us to:
·
monitor
daily revenue, deposits and disbursements on a company, state and center basis;
·
monitor
and manage daily exception reports, which record cash shortages, late deposits,
unusual disbursements and other items;
·
determine,
on a daily basis, the amount of cash needed at each center, enabling
centralized treasury personnel to maintain an optimum amount of cash in each
location; and
·
facilitate
compliance with regulatory requirements and company policies and procedures.
We maintain and test a
disaster recovery plan for our critical networked systems, the documentation
for which is hosted on a third-party vendor website. Our back-up data
tapes are housed by a third party at an off-site location. We also own backup
computer equipment and real-time data storage that is housed at an off-site
facility to provide us with access to needed systems in the event of an
emergency that disables our headquarters equipment.
Security
Security and loss prevention play a critical role in
the daily operations of our centers. Each center is provided with 24-hour
third-party monitoring. Physical security provided to each center
includes: digital safes, wired hold-up alarm buttons and secure locking
systems. Additionally, most of our centers are equipped with 24-hour
security cameras.
Because our business
requires us to maintain a significant supply of cash in each of our centers, we
are subject to the risk of cash shortages resulting from employee and third-party
theft and errors. Cash shortages from employee and third-party theft and
errors were approximately $2.0 million (0.29% of total revenues) in 2006, $1.6
million (0.25% of total revenues) in 2005 and $1.2 million (0.21% of total
revenues) in 2004.
Human Resources
Our center operations are divided into zones, regions
and divisions, which we believe allows for a more effective management process.
A zone has approximately 500 to 675 centers and includes centers in more than
one state. As of December 31, 2006, we had five zones, each with a zone
director responsible for the operations, administration, staffing and general
supervision of the centers in his or her zone. Regions include 30 to 145
centers organized into three to 11 divisions and are supervised by regional
directors who report to a zone director. Divisions include seven to 23 centers
and are supervised by divisional directors who report to a regional director.
Determination of region and division alignment is usually based upon geographic
considerations. Regions and divisions generally do not cross state lines. As of
December 31, 2006, our five zones included 29 regions and 223 divisions.
13
A typical center is
staffed with a manager and an assistant manager. Managers are responsible for
the daily operations of the center. As volume increases, additional personnel,
called customer service representatives, are added. Our policy is to add a customer
service representative once a center has approximately 350 advances outstanding
at one time. Thereafter, one additional customer service representative is
added for every 100 to 150 additional outstanding advances at a particular
center.
Employees
As of January 31,
2007, we had approximately 7,000 employees, including approximately 6,500
center employees, 228 divisional directors, 29 regional directors, five zone
directors and approximately 250 corporate employees and support personnel.
We consider our employee
relations to be satisfactory. Our employees are not covered by a
collective-bargaining agreement and we have never experienced any organized
work stoppage, strike or labor dispute.
Intellectual Property and other Proprietary Rights
We use a number of
trademarks, logos and slogans in our business. AARC, Inc., one of our
subsidiaries, owns all of our intellectual property and has entered into a
trademark license agreement with each of our operating subsidiaries to use this
intellectual property. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third
parties may damage our brand and our reputation and could result in a loss of
customers. It may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our
intellectual property without our authorization. Third parties have in the past
infringed or misappropriated our intellectual property or similar proprietary
rights. For example, competitors of ours have used our name and other
trademarks of ours on their websites to advertise their financial services. We
believe infringements and misappropriations will continue to occur in the
future.
Other
Advance
America, Cash Advance Centers, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that was
incorporated on August 11, 1997. Our principal executive offices are
located at 135 North Church Street, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29306. Our
telephone number at that location is (864) 342-5600. We maintain an
internet website at www.advanceamericacash.com. We make available free of
charge on our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments
to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably
practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to,
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Information on our
website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The SEC also
maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and
other information regarding us at www.sec.gov. In addition, any materials we
file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SECs Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the
operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC
at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Government Regulation
Payday cash advances are
subject to extensive state and federal regulation. The regulation of payday
cash advance companies is intended primarily for the protection of consumers
rather than investors in our common stock and our creditors and is constantly
changing as new regulations are introduced at the federal, state and local
level and existing regulations are repealed, amended and modified. This evolving
regulatory landscape creates various uncertainties and risks for the operation
of our business, any of which
14
could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or
financial condition. See Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 3. Legal
Proceedings.
State Regulation
Our business is regulated
under a variety of enabling state statutes, including payday cash advance,
deferred presentment, check-cashing, money transmission, small loan and credit
services organization state laws, all of which are subject to change and which
may impose significant costs or limitations on the way we conduct or expand our
business. As of December 31, 2006, 39 states and the District of Columbia
had specific laws that permitted payday cash advances or a similar form of
short-term consumer credit. As of December 31, 2006, we operated in 35 of
these 39 states. We do not currently conduct business in the remaining four
states or in the District of Columbia because we do not believe it is
economically attractive to operate in these jurisdictions due to specific
legislative restrictions, such as interest rate ceilings, an unattractive
population density or unattractive location characteristics. However, we may
find it becomes economically attractive to open centers in any of these four
states or the District of Columbia if any of these variables change. The
remaining 11 states do not have laws specifically authorizing the payday cash
advance or short-term consumer finance business. Despite the lack of
specific laws, other laws may permit us to do business in these states. As of
December 31, 2006, we operated in one of these 11 states.
The scope of state
regulation, including the terms on which advances may be made, varies from
state to state. Most states that directly regulate advances establish allowable
fees and/or interest and other charges to consumers for advances. In addition,
many states regulate the maximum amount, maturity and renewal or extension of
advances. The terms of our advances vary from state to state in order to comply
with the laws and regulations of the states in which we operate.
The states with specific
advance laws typically limit the principal amount of an advance and set maximum
fees and interest rates that customers may be charged. Some states also limit a
customers ability to renew an advance and require various disclosures to
consumers. State statutes often specify minimum and maximum maturity dates for
advances and, in some cases, specify mandatory cooling-off periods between
transactions. Our collection activities regarding past due amounts are subject
to consumer protection laws and state regulations relating to debt collection
practices. In addition, some states restrict advertising content.
During the last few years,
legislation has been adopted in some states that prohibits or severely
restricts advance services. Many bills have also been introduced in state
legislatures. In 2006, bills that severely restrict or effectively prohibit
advance services were introduced in 18 states. In addition, two states have
sunset provisions in their advance laws that require renewal of the laws by the
state legislatures at periodic intervals. Rules currently under
consideration in New Mexico may effectively prohibit, or at least significantly
restrict, our operations there. Oregon has enacted legislation that is currently
slated to become effective in July 2007 that will provide for significant
additional restrictions on the offering of advances. Similar laws prohibiting
advance services or making them unprofitable could be passed in any other state
at any time or existing payday cash advance laws could expire or be amended.
Statutes authorizing
advance services typically provide the state agencies that regulate banks and
financial institutions with significant regulatory powers to administer and
enforce the law. In most states, we are required to apply for a license, file
periodic written reports regarding business operations and undergo
comprehensive state examinations to ensure that we comply with applicable laws.
Under statutory authority, state regulators have broad discretionary power and
may impose new licensing requirements, interpret or enforce existing regulatory
requirements in different ways or issue new administrative rules, even if not
contained in state statutes, that impact the way we do business and may force
us to terminate or modify our operations in particular states. They may also
impose rules that are generally adverse to our industry.
15
In some cases, we rely on
the interpretations of the staff of state regulatory bodies with respect to the
laws and regulations of their respective jurisdictions. These staff
interpretations generally are not binding legal authority and may be subject to
challenge in administrative or judicial proceedings. Additionally, as the staff
of state regulatory bodies change, it is possible that their interpretations of
applicable laws and regulations may also change and negatively affect our
business.
State attorneys general
and banking regulators have begun to scrutinize payday cash advances and other
alternative financial products and take actions that could require us to
modify, suspend or cease operations in their respective states. In
December 2005, after the conclusion of a contested case, the Commissioner
of Banks for North Carolina ordered our North Carolina subsidiary to
immediately cease all business operations. As a result, we closed all of our
centers in North Carolina. In addition, the newly introduced Advance America
Choice-Line of Credit is being challenged by the Office of the Pennsylvania
Secretary of Banking in a lawsuit filed in the Commonwealth Court of
Pennsylvania. See Item 3. Legal Proceedings. It is possible that other
actions taken against the industry in the future by other state attorneys
general and banking regulators could require us to suspend or cease operations
in such jurisdictions and have a negative effect on our financial condition.
State-specific legislative
or regulatory action can reduce our revenues and/or margins in a state, cause
us to temporarily operate at a loss in a state, or even cause us to cease or
suspend our operations in a state. From time to time, we may also choose to
operate in a state even if legislation or regulations cause us to lose money on
our operations in that state.
Federal Regulation
Our advance services are
subject to a variety of federal laws and regulations, such as the
Truth-in-Lending Act (TILA), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), the
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(FDCPA), the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and the regulations
promulgated for each. Among other things, these laws require disclosure of the
principal terms of each transaction to every customer, prohibit misleading
advertising, protect against discriminatory lending practices and proscribe
unfair credit practices. TILA and Regulation Z, adopted under TILA,
require disclosure of, among other things, the pertinent elements of consumer
credit transactions, including the dollar amount of the finance charge and the
charge expressed in terms of an annual percentage rate (APR).
Our marketing efforts and
the representations we make about our advances also are subject to federal and
state unfair and deceptive practices statutes. The Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) enforces the Federal Trade Commission Act and the state attorneys
general and private plaintiffs enforce the analogous state statutes.
Additionally, since 1999,
various anti-payday cash advance legislation has been introduced in the
U.S. Congress. Congressional members continue to receive pressure from
consumer advocates and other industry opposition groups to adopt such
legislation. Recent attention has focused on the use of short-term lending and
payday cash advances by military personnel. In October 2006, a federal law
passed that places, among other restrictions, a limit on the effective annual
percentage rate of 36% on extensions of credit, including payday cash advances,
to active members of the military and their dependents. In October 2006,
we voluntarily ceased qualifying customers for advances based on income from
military service.
16
The lending banks for
which we acted as marketing, processing and servicing agent were subject to
extensive federal and state banking regulations. As state-chartered
banks, the lending banks were subject to supervision by the FDIC as well as
regular examination by other state and federal regulatory authorities.
In July 2003 and
March 2005, the FDIC issued guidance governing permissible agency
arrangements between state-chartered banks and marketing, processing and
servicing agents for the banks payday cash advances, such as us. In
July 2005, the lending banks implemented new procedures and limits in
response to the FDIC guidance and began offering installment loans as an
alternative credit product. In February 2006, the FDIC instructed certain
lending banks, including the lending banks for which we acted as a marketing,
processing and servicing agent, to discontinue offering payday cash advances
and alternative credit products if they could not adequately address the FDICs
continuing concerns regarding those products. In response to this communication
from the FDIC, the lending bank in Pennsylvania discontinued offering payday
cash advances and installment loans in March 2006, and the lending bank in
Arkansas discontinued offering installment loans in April 2006 and payday
cash advances in June 2006. In June 2006, we began operating in
Pennsylvania and Arkansas pursuant to existing state-based legislation.
Local Regulation
In addition to state and
federal laws and regulations, our business is subject to various local
rules and regulations such as local zoning regulations. These local
rules and regulations are subject to change and vary widely from state to
state and city to city. For example, several cities in Oregon have recently
adopted local ordinances that have the effect of limiting our business.
Environmental, Health and Safety Matters
We are subject to general
provisions of federal laws and regulations to ensure a safe and healthful work
environment for employees. In addition, we comply with those state laws that
require a written health and safety program or other mandated safety
requirements. To reduce the possibility of physical injury or property damage
resulting from robberies, our Loss Prevention department has established
operational procedures, conducts periodic safety training and awareness
programs for employees, hires security guards as needed and regularly monitors
the marketplace for new technology or methods of improving workplace safety.
Other than standard
cleaning products, we do not use chemicals or other agents governed by federal,
state or local environmental laws in conducting business operations. Based upon
these measures, we believe that our centers are in substantial compliance with
all applicable environmental, health and safety requirements.
ITEM
1A. RISK FACTORS.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our business is highly regulated. Changes in
applicable laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with such laws and
regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
Our business is subject to
numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, which are subject to
change and which may impose significant costs or limitations on the way we
conduct or expand our business. These regulations govern or affect, among other
things, interest rates and other fees, check cashing fees, lending practices,
recording and reporting of certain financial transactions, privacy of personal
consumer information and collection practices. As we develop new product and
service offerings, we may become subject to additional federal, state and local
regulations. If we expand our business to include international operations, we
will become subject to foreign laws and regulations. State and local
17
governments
may also seek to impose new licensing requirements or interpret or enforce
existing requirements in new ways. In addition, changes in current laws and
future laws or regulations may restrict our ability to continue our current
methods of operation or expand our operations. Changes in laws or regulations,
or our failure to comply with such laws and regulations, may have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our industry is highly regulated under state law.
Changes in state laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with such laws
and regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
Our business is regulated
under a variety of enabling state statutes, including payday advance, deferred
presentment, check-cashing, money transmission, small loan and credit services
organization state laws, all of which are subject to change and which may
impose significant costs or limitations on the way we conduct or expand our
business. As of December 31, 2006, 39 states and the District of Columbia
had specific laws that permitted payday cash advances or a similar form of
short-term consumer loans. As of December 31, 2006, we operated in
35 of these 39 states. We do not currently conduct business in the remaining
four states or in the District of Columbia because we do not believe it is
economically attractive to operate in these jurisdictions due to specific
legislative restrictions, such as interest rate ceilings, an unattractive
population density or unattractive location characteristics. However, we may
open centers in any of these states or the District of Columbia if we believe
doing so may become economically attractive because of a change in any of these
variables. The remaining 11 states do not have laws specifically authorizing
the payday cash advance or short-term consumer finance business. Despite
the lack of specific laws, other laws may permit us to do business in these
states. As of December 31, 2006, we operated in one of these 11 states.
During the last few years,
legislation has been adopted in some states that prohibits or severely
restricts payday cash advance and similar services. Many bills have also been
introduced in state legislatures. In 2006, bills that severely restrict or
effectively prohibit payday cash advances were introduced in 18 states. In
addition, two states have sunset provisions in their payday cash advance laws
that require renewal of the laws by the state legislatures at periodic
intervals. Rules currently under consideration in New Mexico may
effectively prohibit, or at least significantly restrict, our operations there.
Oregon has enacted legislation that is currently slated to become effective in
July 2007 that will provide for significant additional restrictions on the
industry. Any such legislation could have a material adverse impact on our
results from operations. Laws prohibiting payday cash advance and similar services
or making them unprofitable could be passed in any other state at any time or
existing enabling laws could expire or be amended, any of which would have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Statutes authorizing
payday cash advance and similar services typically provide the state agencies
that regulate banks and financial institutions with significant regulatory
powers to administer and enforce the law. In most states, we are required to
apply for a license, file periodic written reports regarding business
operations and undergo comprehensive state examinations to ensure that we
comply with applicable laws. Under statutory authority, state regulators have
broad discretionary power and may impose new licensing requirements, interpret
or enforce existing regulatory requirements in different ways or issue new
administrative rules, even if not contained in state statutes, that impact the
way we do business and may force us to terminate or modify our operations in
particular states. They may also impose rules that are generally adverse
to our industry. Any new licensing requirements or rules could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
In some cases, we rely on
the interpretations of the staff of state regulatory bodies with respect to the
laws and regulations of their respective jurisdictions. These staff
interpretations generally are not binding legal authority and may be subject to
challenge in administrative or judicial proceedings. Additionally, as
18
the
staff of state regulatory bodies change, it is possible that their
interpretations of applicable laws and regulations also may change and
negatively affect our business. As a result, our reliance on staff
interpretations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, state
attorneys general and banking regulators have begun to scrutinize payday cash
advances and other alternative financial products and take actions that could
require us to modify, suspend or cease operations in their respective states.
In December 2005, after the conclusion of a contested case, the
Commissioner of Banks for North Carolina ordered our North Carolina subsidiary
to immediately cease all business operations.
See
Item 3. Legal Proceedings. As a result, we closed all of our centers in North
Carolina. The lost revenues from these closures had a negative impact on our
results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the newly
introduced Advance America Choice-Line of Credit is being challenged by the
Office of the Pennsylvania Secretary of Banking in a lawsuit filed in the
Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. See Item 3. Legal Proceedings. An
adverse
ruling in this case could significantly impair our business or force us to
cease offering that new product in Pennsylvania.
Our industry is regulated under federal law and
subject to federal and state unfair and deceptive practices statutes. Our
failure to comply with such regulations or changes in federal laws and
regulations, or changes to such laws, could have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Although states provide
the primary regulatory framework under which we offer advances, certain federal
laws also impact our business. See Item 1. BusinessFederal Regulation.
Because advances are viewed as extensions of credit, we must comply with the
federal Truth-in-Lending Act and Regulation Z adopted under that Act.
Additionally, we are subject to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Debt
Collection Practices Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Any failure to comply with any of these federal laws
and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, since 1999,
various anti-payday cash advance legislation has been introduced in the U.S.
Congress. Congressional members continue to receive pressure from consumer
advocates and other industry opposition groups to adopt such legislation.
Recent attention has focused on the use of short-term lending and payday cash
advances by military personnel. On September 29, 2006, the John Warner
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (the Act) conference
report was filed and the Act was signed into law on October 17, 2006. The
Act places, among other restrictions, a limit on the effective annual
percentage rate of 36% on extensions of credit, including payday cash advances,
to active members of the military and their dependents. Any federal legislative
or regulatory action that restricts or prohibits payday cash advance and
similar services could have a material adverse impact on our business, results
of operations and financial condition. On October 15, 2006, we voluntarily
ceased qualifying customers for advances based on income from military service.
Our marketing efforts and
the representations we make about our advances also are subject to federal and
state unfair and deceptive practices statutes. The Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) enforces the Federal Trade Commission Act and the state attorneys
general and private plaintiffs enforce the analogous state statutes. If we are
found to have violated any of these statutes, that violation could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Our industry is subject to various local
rules and regulations. Changes in these local regulations could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
In addition to state and
federal laws and regulations, our business can be subject to various local
rules and regulations such as local zoning regulations. For example,
several cities in Oregon have recently adopted local ordinances that have the
effect of limiting our business. Any actions taken in the future by
19
local
zoning boards or other local governing bodies to require special use permits
for, or impose other restrictions on, providers of payday cash advances and similar
services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
From time to time, we may
also choose to operate in a state even if legislation or regulations cause us
to lose money on our operations in that state. The passage of a 2002 Indiana
statute established a rate structure at which we could not operate on a
profitable basis. However, we continued to provide payday cash advances in the
state while experiencing operating losses until a new, less restrictive, law
was passed in March 2004. Further regulatory changes in Indiana and
recently adopted legislation in Illinois have also reduced our revenue and
profitability in those states. Any similar actions or events could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Current and future litigation and regulatory
proceedings against us could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Our business is subject to
lawsuits and regulatory proceedings that could generate adverse publicity and
cause us to incur substantial expenditures. See Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Adverse rulings in some of these lawsuits or regulatory proceedings could
significantly impair our business or force us to cease doing business in one or
more states.
We are likely to be
subject to further litigation and proceedings in the future. The consequences
of an adverse ruling in any current or future litigation or proceeding could
cause us to have to refund fees and/or interest collected, refund the principal
amount of advances, pay treble or other multiple damages, pay monetary
penalties and/or modify or terminate our operations in particular states. We
may also be subject to adverse publicity. Defense of any lawsuits or
proceedings, even if successful, requires substantial time and attention of our
senior officers and other management personnel that would otherwise be spent on
other aspects of our business and requires the expenditure of significant
amounts for legal fees and other related costs. Any of these events could have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Competition in our industry could cause us to lose
market share or reduce our interest and fees, possibly resulting in a decline
in our future revenues and earnings.
The industry in which we
operate has low barriers to entry and is highly fragmented and very competitive.
We believe that the market may become even more competitive as the industry
grows and/or consolidates. We compete with services provided by traditional
financial institutions, such as overdraft protection, and with other payday
cash advance providers, small loan providers, credit unions, short-term
consumer lenders, other financial service entities and other retail businesses
that offer consumer loans or other products and services that are similar to
ours. We also compete with companies offering payday cash advances and
short-term loans over the internet as well as by phone. Some of these
competitors have larger local or regional customer bases, more locations and
substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have.
Most recently, we are experiencing competition from governmental agencies
themselves, such as the Pennsylvania Department of Banking, which is supporting
the Pennsylvania Credit Union Association and Pennsylvania State Treasurer in
the offering of unsecured 90 day loans. As a result of this increasing
competition, we could lose market share or we may need to reduce our interest
and fees, possibly resulting in a decline in our future revenues and earnings.
The concentration of our revenues in certain states
could adversely affect us.
Our centers operated in 36
states during the year ended December 31, 2006, and our five largest
states (measured by total revenues) accounted for approximately 47% of our
total revenues. While we believe we have a diverse geographic presence, for the
near term we expect that significant revenues will continue to
20
be
generated by certain states, largely due to the currently prevailing economic,
demographic, regulatory, competitive and other conditions in those states. For
example, during 2006, California and Texas each accounted for more than 10% of
our total revenues. Changes to prevailing economic, demographic, regulatory or
any other conditions in the markets in which we operate could lead to a
reduction in demand for our products and services, a decline in our revenues or
an increase in our provision for doubtful accounts that could result in a
deterioration of our financial condition.
Media reports and public perception of payday cash
advances and similar loans as being predatory or abusive could adversely affect
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Consumer advocacy groups
and certain media reports advocate for governmental and regulatory action to
prohibit or severely restrict payday cash advances and similar loans. The
consumer groups and media reports typically focus on the cost to a consumer for
an advance and typically characterize these advances as predatory or abusive
toward consumers. If this negative characterization of advances becomes widely
accepted by consumers, demand for advance services could significantly
decrease, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of
operations and financial condition. Negative perception of advances or our
other activities could also result in increased regulatory scrutiny and
litigation, encourage restrictive local zoning rules, make it more
difficult to obtain government approvals necessary to open new centers and
cause payday cash advance industry trade groups, such as the CSFA, to promote
polices that cause our business to be less profitable. These trends could
materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
The provision for doubtful accounts may increase and
net income may decrease if we are unable to collect customers personal checks
that are returned due to non-sufficient funds (NSF) in the customers
accounts or other reasons.
For the years ended
December 31, 2006 and 2005, we deposited approximately 5.7% and 5.5%,
respectively, of all the customer checks we received and approximately 78% and
79%, respectively, of these deposited customer checks were returned unpaid
because of non-sufficient funds in the customers bank accounts or because of
closed accounts or stop-payment orders. Total charge-offs, net of recoveries,
for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 were approximately $110.4
million and $100.5 million, respectively. If the number of customer checks that
we deposit increases or the percent of the customers returned checks that we
charge-off increases, our provision for doubtful accounts will increase and our
net income will decrease.
If our estimates of losses are not adequate, our
provision for doubtful accounts would increase. This would result in a decline
in our future revenues and earnings, which could have a material adverse effect
on our stock price.
We maintain an allowance
for doubtful accounts for estimated losses for advances we make directly to
consumers and check-cashing, deferred-presentment and other credit services. To
estimate the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider the
amount of outstanding advances owed to us, historical charge-offs, our current
collection patterns and the current economic trends in the markets we serve.
As of
December 31
, 2006, our allowance for
doubtful accounts was $57.4 million. This amount, however, is an estimate, and
we have less experience upon which to base our estimates of losses from
check-cashing, deferred-presentment, credit services, installment loans and
lines of credit than with payday cash advances. If our actual losses are
greater than our allowance for doubtful accounts, our provision for doubtful
accounts would increase. This would result in a decline in our future revenues
and earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price.
21
We currently lack product and business
diversification; as a result, our future revenues and earnings may be
disproportionately negatively impacted by external factors and may be more
susceptible to fluctuations than more diversified companies.
Our primary business
activity is offering payday cash advance services. If we are unable to maintain
and grow our advance services business, our future revenues and earnings could
decline. Our current lack of product and business diversification could inhibit
our opportunities for growth, reduce our revenues and profits and make us more
susceptible to earnings fluctuations than many of our competitors who are more
diversified and provide other services such as pawn lending, title lending or
other similar services. External factors, such as changes in laws and
regulations, new entrants and enhanced competition, could also make it more
difficult for us to operate as profitably as a more diversified company could
operate. Any internal or external change in our industry could result in a
decline in our future revenues and earnings, which could have a material
adverse effect on our stock price.
Our inability to efficiently and profitably introduce
or manage new products or alternative methods for conducting business could have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
In June 2006, we
began offering consumers in Pennsylvania a new financial service called the
Advance America Choice-Line of Credit, operating under an existing state check
cashing law in Arkansas, and offering advances under a deferred presentment
service transactions act in Michigan. In October 2006, we began offering
installment loans in Illinois and selling a prepaid debit card called the
CashVantage Card in select states. We also intend to introduce additional services
and products in the future. In order to offer new products, we will need to
comply with additional regulatory and licensing requirements. Each of these
changes, alternative methods of conducting business and new services and products
are subject to risk and uncertainty and require significant investment in time
and capital. Due to our lack of experience in offering some of these
alternative services and products, we cannot assure you that we will be able to
successfully implement any of these changes or successfully introduce any new services
or products, or to do so in a timely manner. Furthermore, we cannot predict the
demand for any of these new services or products, nor do we know if we will be
able to offer these new services or products in an efficient manner or on a
profitable basis. Our failure to do so, or low customer demand for any of these
new services or products, could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Our ability to manage our growth may deteriorate and
our ability to execute our growth strategy may be adversely affected.
We have experienced
substantial growth in recent years. Our growth strategy, which is based on
opening centers in existing and new markets, such as foreign markets or states
where we do not currently operate, is subject to significant risks. We cannot
assure you that we will be able to expand our market presence in our current
markets or successfully enter new markets through the opening of new centers or
acquisitions. Moreover, the start-up costs and the losses from initial
operations attributable to each newly opened center place demands upon our
liquidity and cash flow, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to
satisfy these demands.
In
addition, our ability to execute our growth strategy will depend on a number of
other factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:
·
the
prevailing laws and regulatory environment of each jurisdiction in which we
operate or seek to operate, which are subject to change at any time;
22
·
our
ability to obtain and maintain any regulatory approvals, government permits or
licenses that may be required;
·
our
ability to identify, implement and manage new products and services that are
compatible with our business;
·
the
degree of competition in new markets and for new products and services and our
ability to attract new customers;
·
our
ability to compete for expansion opportunities in suitable locations;
·
our
ability to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel;
·
our
ability to adapt our infrastructure and systems to accommodate our growth; and
·
our
ability to obtain adequate financing for our expansion plans.
We cannot assure you that
our systems, procedures, controls and existing space will be adequate to
support expansion of our operations. Our growth has placed significant demands
on all aspects of our business, including our administrative, technical and
financial personnel and systems. Additional growth or expansion may further
strain our management, financial and other resources. Any international
operations would increase the complexity of our organization, our
administrative costs and the regulatory risks we face and therefore could
destabilize our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our
future results of operations will substantially depend on the ability of our
officers and key employees to manage changing business conditions and to
implement and improve our technical, administrative, financial control and
reporting systems. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to
implement our business strategy profitably in geographic areas or product lines
we do not currently serve.
We may incur substantial additional debt, which could
adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition by
limiting our ability to obtain financing in the future and react to changes in
our business.
We may
incur substantial additional debt in the future. As of December 31, 2006,
our total debt was approximately $111.1 million and our stockholders
equity was approximately $299.9 million. The total availability under our
current credit facility is $265.0 million, which we may borrow at any
time, subject to compliance with certain covenants and conditions. Due to the
seasonal nature of our business, our total debt is historically the lowest
during the first calendar quarter and then increases during the remainder of
the year. If we incur substantial additional debt, it could have important
consequences to our business. For example, it could:
·
restrict
our operational flexibility through restrictive covenants that will limit our
ability to make acquisitions, explore certain business opportunities, dispose
of assets and take other actions;
·
limit
our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business;
·
limit
our ability to borrow additional funds in the future, if we need them, due to
applicable financial and restrictive covenants in our debt instruments;
·
make
us vulnerable to interest rate increases, because a portion of our borrowings
is, and will continue to be, at variable rates of interest;
·
require
us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to
payments on our debt obligations, which will reduce our funds available for
dividends, stock repurchases, working capital, capital expenditures and our
growth strategy; and
23
·
place
us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have proportionately less
debt.
The terms of our debt
limit our ability to incur additional debt but do not prohibit us from
incurring additional debt. When debt levels increase, the related risks that we
now face will also increase.
If we fail to generate
sufficient cash flow from future operations to meet our debt service
obligations, we may need to seek refinancing of all or a portion of our
indebtedness or obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations
with respect to our indebtedness. We cannot assure you that we will be able to
refinance any of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing on
satisfactory terms or at all.
We depend on loans and cash management services from
banks to operate our business. If banks decide to stop making loans and/or providing
cash management services to companies in our industry, it could have a material
adverse affect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We depend on borrowings
under our revolving credit facility to fund advances, capital expenditures to
build new centers and other needs. If our current or potential credit banks
decide not to lend money to companies in our industry, we could face higher
borrowing costs, limitations on our ability to grow our business as well as
possible cash shortages, any of which could have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and financial condition. Certain banks have
notified us and other companies in the payday cash advance and check-cashing
industries, that they will no longer maintain bank accounts for these companies
due to reputational risks and increased compliance costs of servicing money
services businesses and other cash intensive industries. While none of our
larger depository banks has requested that we close our bank accounts or put
other restrictions on how we use their services, if any of our larger current
or future depository banks were to take such action, we could face higher costs
of managing our cash and limitations on our ability to grow our business, both
of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
We depend to a substantial extent on borrowings under
our revolving credit facility to fund our liquidity needs.
We have an existing
revolving credit facility that allows us to borrow up to $265.0 million,
assuming we are in compliance with a number of covenants and conditions.
Because we typically use substantially all of our available cash generated from
our operations to repay borrowings on our revolving credit facility on a
current basis, we have limited cash balances and we expect that a substantial
portion of our liquidity needs, including any amounts to pay any future cash
dividends on our common stock, will be funded primarily from borrowings under
our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2006, we had
approximately $156.3 million available for future borrowings under this facility.
Due to the seasonal nature of our business, our borrowings are historically the
lowest during the first calendar quarter and increase during the remainder of
the year. If our existing sources of liquidity are insufficient to satisfy our
financial needs, we may need to raise additional debt or equity in the future.
Our revolving credit facility contains restrictions
and limitations that could significantly affect our ability to operate our
business.
Our
revolving credit facility contains a number of significant covenants that could
adversely affect our business. These covenants restrict our ability, and the
ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things:
·
incur
additional debt;
·
create
liens;
·
effect
mergers or consolidations;
·
make
investments, acquisitions or dispositions;
24
·
pay
dividends, repurchase stock or make other payments;
·
enter
into certain sale and leaseback transactions; and
·
become
subject to further restrictions on the creation of liens.
The breach of any covenant
or obligation in our revolving credit facility will result in a default. If
there is an event of default under our revolving credit facility, the lenders
under the revolving credit facility could cause all amounts outstanding
thereunder to be due and payable, subject to applicable grace periods. This
could trigger cross-defaults under our other existing or future debt
instruments. As a result, our ability to respond to changing business and
economic conditions and to secure additional financing, if needed, may be significantly
restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might
further our growth strategy. If we are unable to repay, refinance or
restructure our indebtedness under our revolving credit facility, the lenders
under that facility could proceed against the collateral securing that
indebtedness. Our obligations under the revolving credit facility are
guaranteed by each of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The
borrowings under the revolving credit facility and the subsidiary guarantees
are secured by substantially all of our assets and the assets of the subsidiary
guarantors. In addition, borrowings under the revolving credit facility are
secured by a pledge of substantially all of the capital stock, or similar
equity interests, of the subsidiary guarantors. In the event of our insolvency,
liquidation, dissolution or reorganization, the lenders under our revolving
credit facility and any other existing or future debt of ours would be entitled
to payment in full from our assets before distributions, if any, were made to
our stockholders.
Our business is seasonal in nature, which causes our
revenues, collection rates and earnings to fluctuate. These fluctuations could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and stock price.
Our business is seasonal
due to the impact of fluctuating demand for advances and fluctuating collection
rates throughout the year. Demand has historically been highest in the third
and fourth quarters of each year, corresponding to the back-to-school and
holiday seasons, and lowest in the first quarter of each year, corresponding to
our customers receipt of income tax refunds. Typically, our provision for
doubtful accounts and allowance for doubtful accounts are lowest as a
percentage of revenues in the first quarter of each year, corresponding to our
customers receipt of income tax refunds, and increase as a percentage of
revenues for the remainder of each year. This seasonality requires us to manage
our cash flows over the course of the year. If our revenues or collections were
to fall substantially below what we would normally expect during certain
periods, our ability to service our debt, pay dividends on our common stock,
repurchase our common stock and meet our other liquidity requirements may be
adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations and stock price.
In addition, our quarterly
results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to fluctuate in
the future because of the seasonal nature of our business. Therefore, our
quarterly revenues and results of operations are difficult to forecast, which,
in turn could cause our future quarterly results to not meet the expectations
of securities analysts or investors. Our failure to meet expectations could
cause a material drop in the market price of our common stock.
Because we maintain a significant supply of cash in
our centers, we may be subject to cash shortages due to employee and
third-party theft and errors. We also may be subject to liability as a result
of crimes at our centers.
Because our business
requires us to maintain a significant supply of cash in each of our centers, we
are subject to the risk of cash shortages resulting from employee and
third-party theft and errors. Although we have implemented various programs to
reduce these risks, maintain insurance coverage for theft and provide security
for our employees and facilities, we cannot assure you that employee and
third-party theft
25
and
errors will not occur. Cash shortages from employee and third-party theft and
errors were approximately $2.0 million (0.29% of total revenues) in 2006,
$1.6 million (0.25% of total revenues) in 2005 and $1.2 million
(0.21% of total revenues) in 2004. Theft and errors could lead to cash
shortages and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial condition. It is also possible that crimes such as armed robberies
may be committed at our centers. We could experience liability or adverse
publicity arising from such crimes. For example, we may be liable if an
employee, customer or bystander suffers bodily injury, emotional distress or
death. Any such event may have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Any disruption in the availability of our information
systems could adversely affect operations at our centers.
We rely upon our
information systems to manage and operate our centers and business. Each center
is part of an information network that is designed to permit us to maintain
adequate cash inventory, reconcile cash balances on a daily basis and report
revenues and expenses to our headquarters. Our back-up systems and security
measures could fail to prevent a disruption in our information systems. Any
disruption in our information systems could adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Our centralized headquarters functions are susceptible
to disruption by catastrophic events, which could have a material adverse effect
on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our headquarters building
is located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Our information systems and
administrative and management processes are primarily provided to our zone and
regional management and to our centers from this centralized location, and they
could be disrupted if a catastrophic event, such as a tornado, power outage or
act of terror, destroyed or severely damaged our headquarters. Any of these
catastrophic events could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Potential future acquisitions could be difficult to
integrate, divert the attention of key management personnel, disrupt our
business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
We may
consider acquisitions of companies, technologies and products that we feel
could accelerate our ability to compete or allow us to enter new markets.
Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
·
difficulties
in integrating operations, technologies, accounting and personnel;
·
difficulties
in supporting and transitioning customers of our acquired companies;
·
diversion
of financial and management resources from existing operations;
·
risks
of entering new markets;
·
potential
loss of key employees; and
·
inability
to generate sufficient revenues to offset acquisition costs.
Acquisitions also
frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets that
are subject to potential impairments in the future that could harm our
financial results. In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing
convertible debt or equity securities, our existing stockholders may be
diluted, which could affect the market price of our stock. As a result, if we
fail to properly evaluate acquisitions or investments, we may not achieve the
anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions, and we
26
may
incur costs in excess of what we anticipate, either of which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Regular turnover among our managers and employees at
our centers makes it more difficult for us to operate our centers and increases
our costs of operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
The annual turnover as of
December 31, 2006, among our center managers was approximately 53% and
among our other center employees was approximately 106%. Approximately 50% of
the turnover has traditionally occurred in the first six months following the
hire date of our center managers and employees. This turnover increases our
cost of operations and makes it more difficult to operate our centers. If we
are unable to retain our employees in the future, our business, results of
operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We were formerly taxed as an S corporation under
Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code and claims of taxing authorities
related to our prior status as an S corporation could harm us.
Between October 1,
2001, and the closing of our initial public offering (IPO) on
December 21, 2004, we were taxed as a pass-through entity under
Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. Currently, we are taxed as a C
corporation under Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code, which is
applicable to most corporations and treats the corporation as an entity that is
separate and distinct from its stockholders. If our tax returns for the years
in which we were an S corporation were to be audited by the Internal Revenue
Service or another taxing authority and we were determined not to have
qualified for, or to have violated, our S corporation status, we could be
obligated to pay back taxes, interest and penalties. These amounts could
include taxes on all of our net income while we were an S corporation. Taxable
income during the period we were an S corporation was $211.0 million. Any
such claims could result in additional costs to us and could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our executive officers and directors may be able to
exert significant influence over our future direction.
Our executive officers and
directors, together with certain family members and trusts for their benefit,
control approximately 24%
of our
outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act
together, may be able to influence any matter requiring our stockholders
approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant
corporate transactions. As a result, this concentration of ownership may delay,
prevent or deter a change in control, could deprive our stockholders of an
opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of
our company or its assets and might reduce the market price of our common
stock.
27
Applicable laws and our certificate of incorporation
and bylaws may discourage takeovers and business combinations that our
stockholders might consider in their best interest.
State laws and our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay, defer, prevent or render
more difficult a takeover attempt that our stockholders might consider in their
best interests. For instance, they may prevent our stockholders from receiving
the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by
a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the
existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price
of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the
future.
State laws and our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws may also make it difficult for
stockholders to replace or remove our directors. These provisions may
facilitate entrenchment of directors that may delay, defer or prevent a change
in our control, which may not be in the best interests of our stockholders.
The
following provisions that are included in our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws have anti-takeover effects and may delay, defer or prevent a takeover
attempt that our stockholders might consider in their best interests. In
particular, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:
·
permit
our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;
·
prohibit
stockholders from filling vacancies on our Board of Directors;
·
prohibit
stockholders from calling special meetings of stockholders and from taking
action by written consent;
·
impose
advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations of
directors to be considered at stockholder meetings; and
·
require
the approval by the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of our
outstanding capital stock entitled to vote on the matter for the stockholders
to amend the provisions of our bylaws and certificate of incorporation
described in the second through fourth bullet points above and in this bullet
point.
In addition, many of our
subsidiaries are licensed by, and subject to, the regulatory and supervisory
jurisdiction of the states where they do business. Under change in control
statutes of some of these states, any person, acting alone or with others, who
is seeking to acquire, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding
common stock may need to be approved by the authorities within those states. As
a result, prospective investors who intend to acquire a substantial portion of
our common stock may need to be aware of and to comply with those state
requirements, to the extent applicable.
In addition,
Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware may
limit the ability of an interested stockholder to engage in business
combinations with us. An interested stockholder is defined to include persons
owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock.
We can redeem your common stock if you are or if you
become a disqualified person.
Federal and state laws and
regulations applicable to providers of payday cash advance services or other
financial products or services that we may introduce in the future may now or
in the future restrict direct or indirect ownership or control of providers of
such products or services by disqualified persons (such as convicted felons).
Our certificate of incorporation provides that we may redeem shares of your
common stock to the extent deemed necessary or advisable, in the sole judgment
of our Board of Directors, to prevent the loss of, or to secure the
reinstatement or renewal of, any license or permit from any governmental agency
that is conditioned upon some or all of the holders of our common stock
possessing prescribed qualifications or not possessing prescribed disqualifications.
The redemption price will be the average closing sale price per share of our
common stock during the 20-trading-day period ending on the second
business day preceding the redemption date fixed by our Board of Directors. At
the discretion of our Board of Directors, the redemption price may be paid in
cash, debt or equity securities or a combination of cash and debt or equity
securities.